最短编辑距离 72.EditDistance.md
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You have the following 3 operations permitted on a word:
-
Insert a character
-
Delete a character
-
Replace a character
Example 1:
Input: word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
Output: 3
Explanation:
horse -> rorse (replace ‘h‘ with ‘r‘)
rorse -> rose (remove ‘r‘)
rose -> ros (remove ‘e‘)
Example 2:
Input: word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
Output: 5
Explanation:
intention -> inention (remove ‘t‘)
inention -> enention (replace ‘i‘ with ‘e‘)
enention -> exention (replace ‘n‘ with ‘x‘)
exention -> exection (replace ‘n‘ with ‘c‘)
exection -> execution (insert ‘u‘)
难度系数
Hard
思路:如下
首先我们令word1和word2分别为:michaelab和michaelxy(为了理解简单,我们假设word1和word2字符长度是一样的),dis[i] [j]作为word1和word2之间的Edit Distance,我们要做的就是求出michaelx到michaely的最小steps。[0]
首先解释下dis[i] [j]:它是指word1[i]和word2[j]的Edit Distance。dis[0] [0]表示word1和word2都为空的时候,此时他们的Edit Distance为0。很明显可以得出的,dis [0] [j]就是word1为空,word2长度为j的情况,此时他们的Edit Distance为j,也就是从空,添加j个字符转换成word2的最小Edit Distance为j;同理dis[i] [0]就是,word1长度为i,word2为空时,word1需要删除i个字符才能转换成空,所以转换成word2的最小Edit Distance为i。下面初始化代码:
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) dis[i][0] = i; for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) dis[0][j] = j;
假设word1[i]和word2[j](此处i = j)分别为:michaelab和michaelxy
如果b==y, dis[i][j] = dis[i-1][j-1]。
如果b!=y,则会有添加、删除、替换是那三种操作
添加:也就是在michaelab后面添加一个y,那么word1就变成了michaelaby,此时 dis[i][j] = 1 + dis[i][j-1];
上式中,1代表刚刚的添加操作,添加操作后,word1变成michaelaby,word2为michaelxy。
dis[i][j-1]代表从word1[i]转换成word2[j-1]的最小Edit Distance,也就是michaelab转换成michaelx的最小
Edit Distance,由于两个字符串尾部的y==y,所以只需要将michaelab变成michaelx就可以了,而他们之间的最
小Edit Distance就是dis[i][j-1]。
删除:也就是将michaelab后面的b删除,那么word1就变成了michaela,此时dis[i][j] = 1 + dis[i-1][j];
上式中,1代表刚刚的删除操作,删除操作后,word1变成michaela,word2为michaelxy。dis[i-1][j]代表从
word[i-1]转换成word[j]的最小Edit Distance,也就是michaela转换成michaelxy的最小Edit Distance,所以
只需要将michaela变成michaelxy就可以了,而他们之间的最小Edit Distance就是dis[i-1][j]。
替换:也就是将michaelab后面的b替换成y,那么word1就变成了michaelay,此时dis[i][j] = 1 + dis[i-1][j-1];
上式中,1代表刚刚的替换操作,替换操作后,word1变成michaelay,word2为michaelxy。dis[i-1][j-1]代表从
word[i-1]转换成word[j-1]的最小Edit Distance,也即是michaelay转换成michaelxy的最小Edit Distance,由
于两个字符串尾部的y==y,所以只需要将michaela变成michaelx就可以了,而他们之间的最小Edit Distance就是
dis[i-1][j-1]。
class Solution { public: int minDistance(string word1, string word2) { int m = word1.size(), n = word2.size(); vector<vector<int>> dp(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1)); for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) dp[i][0] = i; for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) dp[0][i] = i; for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) { if (word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]) { dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]; } else { dp[i][j] = min(dp[i - 1][j - 1], min(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1])) + 1; } } } return dp[m][n]; } };
github地址:https://github.com/AntonioSu/leetcode/blob/master/problems/72.EditDistance.md
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/baodream/article/details/80417695
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