4Django实战第4天：xadmin快速搭建后台管理系统

Posted 2020-10-24 何波安的博客

Django默认为我们提供了后台管理系统admin, urls.py中配置的第一条就是访问后台管理系统admin的

urlpatterns = [
    url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
]　

启动服务，访问127.0.0.1:8000/admin即可访问，访问后台需要验证，但是Django并没有为我们自动创建账号密码，Django提供了命令，让我们自己创建超级用户

现在我们可以用刚刚创建的超级用户登录进去（账号：admin 密码:admin123456）

 进入后，发现后台管理系统是英文的，我们可以在settings.py中配置语言和时区等

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = \'zh-hans\'

TIME_ZONE = \'Asia/Shanghai\'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False    #设置为False则使用本地时间，否则会使用国际时间

在Django当中，我们可以把所有的数据表都注册进来，然后，我们就可以对这些表进行增删改查 ,打开后台会发现Django已经为我们自动注册了一个组，这个组对应的是auth_group表

本来Django也会有注册user的，因为我们重载了userprofile所以就取消了，现在我们把userprofile重新注册进来，编辑apps.users.admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import UserProfile


class UserProfileAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    pass

admin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)

刷新后台，可以看到‘用户信息’已经注册进来了

上面演示了如何注册userprofile到admin, 要注册其他的表也是一样的，编辑各自apps下面的admin.py注册即可。下面我着重使用另一款后台管理系统xadmin,它是基于Django自带的admin开发的，但是它比admin更加强大

点击下载xadmin源码zip包

为了方便管理，我们在项目中新建一个python package命名为‘extra_apps’，用来存放第三方源码包

解压zip包，里面有一个目录xadmin，把xadmin复制到extra_apps中

对extrap_apps右键进行Mark Directory as Source root，使得编辑器查找路径

配置settings.py添加搜索路径

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'apps\'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, \'extra_apps\'))

配置settings.py注册apps

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    \'django.contrib.admin\',
    \'django.contrib.auth\',
    \'django.contrib.contenttypes\',
    \'django.contrib.sessions\',
    \'django.contrib.messages\',
    \'django.contrib.staticfiles\',
    \'users\',
    \'courses\',
    \'organization\',
    \'operation\',
    \'xadmin\',
    \'crispy_forms\',
]

pip安装一些依赖包

workon mxonline

pip install django-crispy-forms
pip install django-formtools
pip install httplib2
pip install future
pip install six
pip install django-import-export　

编辑urls.py，添加xadmin的路由

import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    #url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
    url(r\'^xadmin/\', xadmin.site.urls),
]

把之前userprofile在admin中的注册去掉

同步xadmin的一些表

启动服务，访问后台127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin, 账号密码还是我们之前创建的超级用户

 

---

 

注册app model到xadmin

users app

在users目录下新建adminx.py，xadmin会自动搜寻该文件来注册model

import xadmin
from .models import UserProfile, EmailVerifyRecord, Banner


class UserProfileAdmin:
    pass


class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin:
    list_display = [\'code\', \'email\', \'send_type\', \'send_time\']
    search_fields = [\'code\', \'email\', \'send_type\']
    list_filter = [\'code\', \'email\', \'send_type\', \'send_time\']


class BannerAdmin:
    list_display = [\'title\', \'image\', \'url\', \'index\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'title\', \'image\', \'send_type\']
    list_filter = [\'title\', \'image\', \'url\', \'index\', \'add_time\']


# xadmin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)  #因为之前注册过，这里就注释了
xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)

 

courses app

在courses目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import Course, Lesson, Video, CourseResource


class CourseAdmin:
    list_display = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'degree\', \'learn_times\', \'students\', \'fav_nums\', \'image\', \'click_nums\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'degree\', \'learn_times\', \'students\', \'fav_nums\', \'click_nums\']
    list_filter = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'degree\', \'students\', \'fav_nums\', \'image\', \'click_nums\', \'add_time\']


class LessonAdmin:
    list_display = [\'course\', \'name\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'course\', \'name\']
    list_filter = [\'course__name\', \'name\', \'add_time\'] #指定外键的字段name，用两个下划线


class VideoAdmin:
    list_display = [\'lesson\', \'name\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'lesson\', \'name\']
    list_filter = [\'lesson__name\', \'name\', \'add_time\']


class CourseResourceAdmin:
    list_display = [\'course\', \'name\', \'download\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'course\', \'name\', \'download\']
    list_filter = [\'course__name\', \'name\', \'add_time\']


xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Lesson, LessonAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Video, VideoAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseResource, CourseResourceAdmin)

 

organization app

在organization目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import CityDict, CourseOrg, Teacher


class CityDictAdmin:
    list_display = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'name\', \'desc\']
    list_filter = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'add_time\']


class CourseOrgAdmin:
    list_display = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\', \'image\', \'address\', \'city\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\', \'address\', \'city\']
    list_filter = [\'name\', \'desc\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\', \'address\', \'city__name\', \'add_time\']


class TeacherAdmin:
    list_display = [\'org\', \'name\', \'work_years\', \'work_company\', \'work_position\', \'points\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'org\', \'name\', \'work_years\', \'work_company\', \'work_position\', \'points\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\']
    list_filter = [\'org__name\', \'name\', \'work_years\', \'work_company\', \'work_position\', \'points\', \'click_nums\', \'fav_nums\', \'add_time\']


xadmin.site.register(CityDict, CityDictAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseOrg, CourseOrgAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherAdmin)

 

operation app

在operation目录下新建adminx.py

import xadmin
from .models import UserAsk, CourseComments, UserFavorite, UserMessage, UserCourse


class UserAskAdmin:
    list_display = [\'name\', \'mobile\', \'course_name\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'name\', \'mobile\', \'course_name\']
    list_filter = [\'name\', \'mobile\', \'course_name\', \'add_time\']


class CourseCommentsAdmin:
    list_display = [\'user\', \'course\', \'comments\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'user\', \'course\', \'comments\']
    list_filter = [\'user__nick_name\', \'course__name\', \'comments\', \'add_time\']


class UserFavoriteAdmin:
    list_display = [\'user\', \'fav_id\', \'fav_type\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'user\', \'fav_id\', \'fav_type\']
    list_filter = [\'user__nick_name\', \'fav_id\', \'fav_type\', \'add_time\']


class UserMessageAdmin:
    list_display = [\'user\', \'message\', \'has_read\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'user\', \'message\', \'has_read\']
    list_filter = [\'user\', \'message\', \'has_read\', \'add_time\']


class UserCourseAdmin:
    list_display = [\'user\', \'course\', \'add_time\']
    search_fields = [\'user\', \'course\', \'add_time\']
    list_filter = [\'user__nick_name\', \'course__name\', \'add_time\']


xadmin.site.register(UserAsk, UserAskAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseComments, CourseCommentsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserFavorite, UserFavoriteAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserMessage, UserMessageAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserCourse, UserCourseAdmin)

 

---

 

xadmin全局配置

使用xadmin的主题功能，编辑users.adminx.py

from xadmin import views

class BaseSetting:
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True


xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)

 

 修改左上角logo,及下面的版权信息，编辑users.adminx.py

class GlogbalSettings:
    site_title = \'慕学后台管理系统\'
    site_footer = \'慕学在线网\'


xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlogbalSettings)

 

 

 左侧边栏很长，可以让它收起来，编辑users.adminx.py

 

class GlogbalSettings:
    site_title = \'慕学后台管理系统\'
    site_footer = \'慕学在线网\'
    menu_style = "accordion"

app显示的是英文，我们想把它显示为我们自定义的名称

这个其实很简单，在我们创建app的时候，Django会在该app下自动创建apps.py文件，这个文件就是用于配置app显示名称的

users   

编辑users.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig


class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
    name = \'users\'
    verbose_name = \'用户信息\'

编辑users.__init__.py

default_app_config = \'users.apps.UsersConfig\'

 

courses

编辑courses.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig


class CoursesConfig(AppConfig):
    name = \'courses\'
    verbose_name = \'课程信息\'

编辑courses.__init__.py

default_app_config = \'courses.apps.CoursesConfig\'

 

organization

编辑organization.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig


class OrganizationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = \'organization\'
    verbose_name = \'机构和教师管理\'

编辑organization.__init__.py

default_app_config = \'organization.apps.OrganizationConfig\'

 

operation

编辑operation.apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig


class OperationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = \'operation\'
    verbose_name = \'用户操作\'

编辑operation.__init__.py

default_app_config = \'operation.apps.OperationConfig\'