将 Spring Boot RESTful Web 服务部署到 Tomcat 时仍然缺少 Web.xml

Posted 2023-02-27

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【中文标题】将 Spring Boot RESTful Web 服务部署到 Tomcat 时仍然缺少 Web.xml【英文标题】：Web.xml still missing when deploying a Spring Boot RESTful Web Service to Tomcat 【发布时间】：2015-09-09 23:54:36 【问题描述】：

我正在尝试将使用 Spring Boot 构建的 RESTful Web 服务部署到 Tomcat 实例中，但收效甚微。

我的软件配置如下：我的电脑是运行OS X Yosemite 10.10.3的Mac，有Oracle Java JDK 8 1.8.0_45、Gradle 2.4和Apache Tomcat 7.0.47。我使用IntelliJ IDEA 14.1.4作为开发平台。

我首先关注guide，然后我得到了一个 jar，它启动了一个按预期工作的嵌入式容器。然后我按照链接在另一个guide 末尾的关于converting a Spring Boot JAR Application to a WAR 的文档进行操作。我按照Section 59.4 "Packaging executable jar and war files" 中的说明进行操作，然后按照Section 74.1 "Create a deployable war file" 中的说明进行操作。根据该网站其他几个面临同样问题的成员的帖子（here、here、here 和here，仅举几例），我现在应该可以创建一个创建一个 WAR 并将其部署在我的 Tomcat 上。不幸的是，事实并非如此。

该项目包含以下 3 个 Java 文件：Application.java、Greeting.java 和 GreetingController.java。第一种如下：

package hello;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer 

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) 
        return application.sources(Application.class);

第二个文件包含以下内容：

package hello;

public class Greeting 

    private final long id;

    private final String content;

    public Greeting(long id, String content) 
        this.id = id;
        this.content = content;
    

    public long getId() 
        return id;
    

    public String getContent() 
        return content;

最后，后一个文件是：

package hello;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class GreetingController 

    private static final String template = "Hello, %s!";

    private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="World") String name) 
        return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(), String.format(template, name));

该项目还包含以下 build.gradle 文件：

buildscript 
    repositories 
        mavenCentral()
    
    dependencies 
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:1.2.4.RELEASE")
    


apply plugin: 'war'
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'

sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

war 
    baseName = 'rest'
//    version =  '0.1.0'


repositories 
    mavenLocal()
    mavenCentral()


configurations 
    providedRuntime


dependencies 
    compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
    providedRuntime("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat")
    testCompile("junit:junit")

现在，如果我运行任务“gradle war”，我会生成一个大约 8 Mb 的 WAR 文件。我可以成功地将它部署到我的本地 Tomcat，但是当我将浏览器指向 http://localhost:8080/rest/hello?name=World 时，我得到了一个空白页面，而不是带有预期 JSON 的页面。如果我运行任务“gradle build”或“gradle bootRepackage”，我会得到一个 JAR 和一个 WAR 以及它们的原始版本。我之所以提到这些命令，是因为我在任何地方都没有看到它们，知道它们可能很有用。原始版本的大小都在 8 Mb 左右，而 JAR 和 WAR 的大小均为 12 Mb。如果我同时部署两个 WAR，我不会收到任何错误消息，但浏览器中也没有任何结果。这里有人建议 web.xml 可能丢失，实际上没有 WAR 实际上包含这样的文件。我这么说是因为我的 Tomcat 不是很新，出于某种原因，我认为 Spring Boot 必须从上面的代码和注释中自动创建一个 web.xml。

正如@dunni 在 cmets 中所建议的，这里是我的 Tomcat 日志文件。首先catalina.log：

giu 24, 2015 10:35:01 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest.war

然后localhost.log:

giu 24, 2015 10:35:02 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration@4dfaba52]

最后是manager.log：

giu 24, 2015 10:34:43 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: htmlManager: list: Listing contexts for virtual host 'localhost'
giu 24, 2015 10:34:44 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: HTMLManager: list: Listing contexts for virtual host 'localhost'
giu 24, 2015 10:35:02 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: HTMLManager: list: Listing contexts for virtual host 'localhost'

以上内容是我部署WAR后得到的。如果我随后尝试连接到 http://localhost:8080/、http://localhost:8080/rest/、http://localhost:8080/rest/hello 或 http://localhost:8080/rest/hello?name=World，则没有任何变化。

发生了什么事？我错过了什么？你能解释一下问题是什么，我该怎么做才能在 Tomcat 上成功部署这个玩具服务？非常感谢。

由于上述日志没有真正的帮助，我尝试重新启动 Tomcat 守护程序，我得到了一些更有意义的东西。现在我有以下文件：catalina.log、catalina.out、host-manager.log（空）、launchd.stderr（空）、launchd.stdout、localhost_access_log.txt（空）、localhost.log 和 manager.log（空） . catalina.log 和 catalina.out 现在包含以下内容：

giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /Users/stefano/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
INFO: Initialization processed in 666 ms
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service Catalina
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47
giu 24, 2015 11:11:49 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/Plakko.war
giu 24, 2015 11:11:51 AM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGenerator createSecureRandom
INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [574] milliseconds.
giu 24, 2015 11:11:51 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest.war
giu 24, 2015 11:11:52 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/docs
giu 24, 2015 11:11:52 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/host-manager
giu 24, 2015 11:11:53 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/manager
giu 24, 2015 11:11:53 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/ROOT
giu 24, 2015 11:11:53 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
giu 24, 2015 11:11:53 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
giu 24, 2015 11:11:53 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 3349 ms

launchd.stdout 包含：

Wed Jun 24 11:11:48 CEST 2015
Starting Tomcat
Waiting for 89105

而localhost.log 包含：

giu 24, 2015 11:11:52 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath: [org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration@2d5eb959]

如果我尝试使用 Web 服务，localhost_access_log.txt 会更新为：

217.20.22.194 - - [24/Jun/2015:11:23:16 +0200] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 11444
217.20.22.194 - - [24/Jun/2015:11:23:19 +0200] "GET /rest/ HTTP/1.1" 404 5
217.20.22.194 - - [24/Jun/2015:11:23:19 +0200] "GET /rest/hello HTTP/1.1" 404 5
217.20.22.194 - - [24/Jun/2015:11:23:20 +0200] "GET /rest/hello?name=World HTTP/1.1" 404 5

由于我感觉这些日志并没有真正的帮助，我尝试关闭和启动 Tomcat。在这种情况下，我在catalina.log 和catalina.out 中发现了一些有趣的东西。前者：

giu 24, 2015 11:36:56 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest.war
giu 24, 2015 11:36:59 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase addChildInternal
SEVERE: ContainerBase.addChild: start: 
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/rest]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:983)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1660)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: java.lang.reflect.Parameter.isNamePresent()Z
    at org.springframework.core.StandardReflectionParameterNameDiscoverer.getParameterNames(StandardReflectionParameterNameDiscoverer.java:56)
    at org.springframework.core.PrioritizedParameterNameDiscoverer.getParameterNames(PrioritizedParameterNameDiscoverer.java:65)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:182)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1139)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1042)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry$OptimizedBeanTypeRegistry.getFromFactory(BeanTypeRegistry.java:320)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.get(BeanTypeRegistry.java:162)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.collectBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:158)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:147)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchingBeans(OnBeanCondition.java:119)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchOutcome(OnBeanCondition.java:94)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.SpringBootCondition.matches(SpringBootCondition.java:45)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(ConditionEvaluator.java:102)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:190)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:148)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:124)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:318)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:239)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:254)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:94)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:606)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:462)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:686)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:320)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.run(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:117)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.createRootApplicationContext(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:108)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.onStartup(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:68)
    at org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer.onStartup(SpringServletContainerInitializer.java:175)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5423)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    ... 10 more

giu 24, 2015 11:36:59 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
SEVERE: Error deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest.war
java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/rest]]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:904)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:983)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1660)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)

而后者catalina.out：

giu 24, 2015 11:36:56 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR
INFO: Deploying web application archive /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest.war

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.2.4.RELEASE)

2015-06-24 11:36:59.019  INFO 89274 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Starting application on Mac-mini-di-Stefano.local with PID 89274 (/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar started by stefano in /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/bin)
2015-06-24 11:36:59.047  INFO 89274 --- [ost-startStop-1] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@34a13c2b: startup date [Wed Jun 24 11:36:59 CEST 2015]; root of context hierarchy
2015-06-24 11:36:59.648  INFO 89274 --- [ost-startStop-1] .b.l.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener : Application failed to start with classpath: [file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/classes/, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/classmate-1.0.0.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/hibernate-validator-5.1.3.Final.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jackson-annotations-2.4.0.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-2.4.6.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jackson-databind-2.4.6.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jboss-logging-3.1.3.GA.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.12.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.12.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/log4j-over-slf4j-1.7.12.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/logback-classic-1.1.3.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/logback-core-1.1.3.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/slf4j-api-1.7.12.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/snakeyaml-1.14.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-aop-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-beans-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-starter-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-starter-logging-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-boot-starter-web-1.2.4.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-context-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-core-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-expression-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-web-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/spring-webmvc-4.1.6.RELEASE.jar, file:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/webapps/rest/WEB-INF/lib/validation-api-1.1.0.Final.jar]
2015-06-24 11:36:59.663 ERROR 89274 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application startup failed

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: java.lang.reflect.Parameter.isNamePresent()Z
    at org.springframework.core.StandardReflectionParameterNameDiscoverer.getParameterNames(StandardReflectionParameterNameDiscoverer.java:56)
    at org.springframework.core.PrioritizedParameterNameDiscoverer.getParameterNames(PrioritizedParameterNameDiscoverer.java:65)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:182)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1139)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1042)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:476)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry$OptimizedBeanTypeRegistry.getFromFactory(BeanTypeRegistry.java:320)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.get(BeanTypeRegistry.java:162)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.collectBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:158)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:147)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchingBeans(OnBeanCondition.java:119)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchOutcome(OnBeanCondition.java:94)
    at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.SpringBootCondition.matches(SpringBootCondition.java:45)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(ConditionEvaluator.java:102)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:190)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:148)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:124)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:318)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:239)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:254)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:94)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:606)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:462)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:686)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:320)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.run(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:117)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.createRootApplicationContext(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:108)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer.onStartup(SpringBootServletInitializer.java:68)
    at org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer.onStartup(SpringServletContainerInitializer.java:175)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5423)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:983)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1660)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)

通过查看这些日志，我感觉 Spring 的自动魔法过程中出现了一些问题，但不幸的是我不知道是什么以及如何解决它。有什么帮助吗？

【问题讨论】：

在 Servlet-3.0 兼容的应用程序中不需要 web.xml。 SpringBootServletInitializer 完成了这项工作。 tomcat 日志文件中是否还有任何日志消息？ @dunni 感谢您的回复，我认为我需要一个web.xml（并且 Spring Boot 正在从项目中的 Java 代码和注释中生成一个），因为我的 Tomcat 不是很新。感谢您建议查看日志文件（顺便说一下，我将添加到我的问题中）：我不应该在深夜发布任何内容，否则我会错过这些琐碎的事情。跨度> 我将我的 Tomcat 更新到最新的 8 版本（8.0.23），但仍然没有运气...... 【参考方案1】：

你用的是什么版本的java？ gradle 文件表明你打算使用 java 8，但是这个错误表明你不是...

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: java.lang.reflect.Parameter.isNamePresent()

The Parameter class was not introduced until java 8。你的tomcat用的是什么版本的java？

【讨论】：

再次感谢您的帮助！我跟着this guide 在我的 Yosemite 上安装了我的 Tomcat。我认为它使用的是最新的 Java（在撰写此消息时），即 Oracle Java 8 u 45。实际上，如果我在终端中调用 java -version，我会得到以下信息：java version "1.8.0_45"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)@987654327 @。不过，在那里运行的其他服务是使用 Java 7 创建的。我还能检查什么？我发现一个页面建议打开终端，cd 到 Tomcat 安装文件夹并运行 java -cp lib/catalina.jar org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo 以确定 Tomcat 和 Java 的版本。这是结果输出：Server version: Apache Tomcat/8.0.23Server built: May 19 2015 14:58:38 UTCServer number: 8.0.23.0OS Name: Mac OS XOS Version: 10.10.3Architecture: x86_64JVM Version: 1.8.0_45-b14JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation。

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