Django Form表单
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Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能：
- 生成html标签
- 验证用户数据（显示错误信息）
- HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
- 初始化页面显示内容
第一阶段：
1.在views中创建Form类
# 创建一个类 from django import forms from django.forms import fields class DiyForm(forms.Form): # 类中创建字段 例如 IntegerField包含了正则表达式 user = fields.CharField( max_length=18, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ ‘max_length‘: ‘用户名过长‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘用户名过短‘, ‘required‘: ‘用户名不能为空‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘输入类型错误‘ } ) pwd = fields.CharField( required=True, min_length=8, error_messages={ ‘required‘: ‘密码不可为空‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘密码至少为8位‘ } ) age = fields.IntegerField( required=True, error_messages={ ‘required‘: ‘年龄不可为空‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘年龄必须为数字‘ } ) email = fields.EmailField( required=True, min_length=8, error_messages={ ‘required‘: ‘邮箱不可为空‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘邮箱长度不匹配‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘邮箱规则不符合‘ } )
2.views中的函数调用Form
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect def f1(request): if request.method == ‘GET‘: obj = DiyForm() # 实例化 传参可进行模板渲染 生成Html代码 return render(request, ‘f1.html‘, {‘obj‘:obj}) else: obj = DiyForm(request.POST) # 判断是否全部验证成功 逐一交给类字段里面一一进行验证、像一层滤网 if obj.is_valid(): # 用户提交的数据 验证成功的信息 print(‘验证成功‘, obj.cleaned_data) return redirect(‘http://www.baidu.com‘) else: print(‘验证失败‘, obj.errors) # 封装的错误信息 return render(request, ‘f1.html‘, {‘obj‘: obj})
3. html页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>DjangoForm</title> </head> <body> <form action="/f1.html" method="post" novalidate enctype="multipart/form-data"> <p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p> <p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p> <p>{{ obj.age }}{{ obj.errors.age.0 }}</p> <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
创建Form类时，主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】，字段用于对用户请求数据的验证，插件用于自动生成HTML;
1、Django中Form类内置字段如下:
常用字段
用于保存正则表达式 ChoiceField ***** MultipleChoiceField CharField IntegerField DecimalField DateField DateTimeField EmailField GenericIPAddressField FileField RegexField
详细字段
Field required=True, 是否允许为空 widget=None, HTML插件 label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text=‘‘, 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示) error_messages=None, 错误信息 {‘required‘: ‘不能为空‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘格式错误‘} show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直） validators=[], 自定义验证规则 localize=False, 是否支持本地化 disabled=False, 是否可以编辑 label_suffix=None Label内容后缀 CharField(Field) max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白 IntegerField(Field) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 FloatField(IntegerField) ... DecimalField(IntegerField) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 max_digits=None, 总长度 decimal_places=None, 小数位长度 BaseTemporalField(Field) input_formats=None 时间格式化 DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01 TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12 DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12 DurationField(Field) 时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f ... RegexField(CharField) regex, 自定制正则表达式 max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 error_message=None, 忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={‘invalid‘: ‘...‘} EmailField(CharField) ... FileField(Field) allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件 ImageField(FileField) ... 注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow 以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点： - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data" - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES) URLField(Field) ... BooleanField(Field) ... NullBooleanField(BooleanField) ... ChoiceField(Field) ... choices=(), 选项，如：choices = ((0,‘上海‘),(1,‘北京‘),) required=True, 是否必填 widget=None, 插件，默认select插件 label=None, Label内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text=‘‘, 帮助提示 ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据 empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容 to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段 limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选 ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换 empty_value= ‘‘ 空值的默认值 MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换 empty_value= ‘‘ 空值的默认值 ComboField(Field) fields=() 使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式 fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),]) MultiValueField(Field) PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用 SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField) input_date_formats=None, 格式列表：[‘%Y--%m--%d‘, ‘%m%d/%Y‘, ‘%m/%d/%y‘] input_time_formats=None 格式列表：[‘%H:%M:%S‘, ‘%H:%M:%S.%f‘, ‘%H:%M‘] FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中 path, 文件夹路径 match=None, 正则匹配 recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹 allow_files=True, 允许文件 allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹 required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text=‘‘ GenericIPAddressField protocol=‘both‘, both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式 unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用 SlugField(CharField) 数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符） ... UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
2、Django内置插件
TextInput(Input)
NumberInput(TextInput)
EmailInput(TextInput)
URLInput(TextInput)
PasswordInput(TextInput)
HiddenInput(TextInput)
Textarea(Widget)
DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
CheckboxInput
Select
NullBooleanSelect
SelectMultiple
Radioselect
CheckboxSelectMultiple
FileInput
ClearableFileInput
MultipleHiddenInput
SplitDateTimeWidget
SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
SelectDateWidget
3、常用选择插件
# 单radio，值为字符串 # user = fields.CharField( # initial=2, # widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,‘上海‘),(2,‘北京‘),)) # ) # 单radio，值为字符串 # user = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=((1, ‘上海‘), (2, ‘北京‘),), # initial=2, # widget=widgets.RadioSelect # ) # 单select，值为字符串 # user = fields.CharField( # initial=2, # widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,‘上海‘),(2,‘北京‘),)) # ) # 单select，值为字符串 # user = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=((1, ‘上海‘), (2, ‘北京‘),), # initial=2, # widget=widgets.Select # ) # 多选select，值为列表 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # choices=((1,‘上海‘),(2,‘北京‘),), # initial=[1,], # widget=widgets.SelectMultiple # ) # 单checkbox # user = fields.CharField( # widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() # ) # 多选checkbox,值为列表 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # initial=[2, ], # choices=((1, ‘上海‘), (2, ‘北京‘),), # widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple # )
单选或者多选时、数据源是否可以实时更新、
在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。
方法一:
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class MyForm(Form): user = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=((1, ‘上海‘), (2, ‘北京‘),), initial=2, widget=widgets.Select ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # self.fields[‘user‘].widget.choices = ((1, ‘上海‘), (2, ‘北京‘),) # 或 self.fields[‘user‘].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list(‘id‘,‘caption‘)
方法二:
用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import models as form_model from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class FInfo(forms.Form): authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all()) # authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
自定义校验
通过上述，Django的Form组件提供验证用户提交的数据并可以显示错误信息（或自定制），更能可以生成相应的Html代码。更是猜想到，仅仅根据Form组件的验证或许满足不了一些需求，于是建立再Form的验证功能上使其有很强的扩展性
一、基于Form组件的字段上的简单扩展
方式A
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class MyForm(Form): phone = fields.CharField( validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^[0-9]+$‘, ‘请输入数字‘), RegexValidator(r‘^188[0-9]+{9}$‘, ‘数字必须以188开头‘)],
方式B
import re from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError # 自定义验证规则 def mobile_validate(value): mobile_re = re.compile(r‘^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$‘) if not mobile_re.match(value): raise ValidationError(‘手机号码格式错误‘) class PublishForm(Form): title = fields.CharField(max_length=20, min_length=5, error_messages={‘required‘: ‘标题不能为空‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘标题最少为5个字符‘, ‘max_length‘: ‘标题最多为20个字符‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: "form-control", ‘placeholder‘: ‘标题5-20个字符‘})) # 使用自定义验证规则 phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ], error_messages={‘required‘: ‘手机不能为空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: "form-control", ‘placeholder‘: u‘手机号码‘})) email = fields.EmailField(required=False, error_messages={‘required‘: u‘邮箱不能为空‘,‘invalid‘: u‘邮箱格式错误‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘class‘: "form-control", ‘placeholder‘: u‘邮箱‘}))
二、基于源码执行的流程上进行扩展
方式A
例如在注册一个账号时、通过Form的验证其账号符合规则时，还将要判断该账号是否存在于数据库，如存在则肯定是注册不通过的
自定义方法、单一字段逐个再次验证
from Formtest import models from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError,NON_FIELD_ERRORS from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class AjaxForm(forms.Form): user=fields.CharField( max_length=10, required=False, validators=[RegexValidator(r‘^[a-z]+$‘, ‘Enter a valid extension.‘, ‘invalid‘)], ) email=fields.EmailField()
#钩子函数
def clean_user(self): """ Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证 :return: """ v = self.cleaned_data[‘user‘] if models.UserInfo.objects.filter(user=v).count(): raise ValidationError(‘此用户名已经存在‘) return v
#钩子函数
def clean_email(self):
"""
email验证过之后、可以自定义验证该邮箱是否被使用
... :
return: """ pass
方式B
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError class AjaxForm(forms.Form): username = fields.CharField() user_id = fields.IntegerField( widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(0,‘alex‘),(1,‘刘皓宸‘),(2,‘杨建‘),]) ) # 自定义方法 clean_字段名，设置一个字段整体验证 # 必须返回值self.cleaned_data[‘username‘] # 如果出错：raise ValidationError(‘用户名已存在‘) def clean_username(self): v = self.cleaned_data[‘username‘] #数据库中如果有这用户 if UsersF.objects.filter(username=v).count(): # 整体错了 # 自己详细错误信息 raise ValidationError(‘用户名已存在‘) return v def clean_user_id(self): return self.cleaned_data[‘user_id‘] #设置整体错误，可以用来设置多个字段整体验证 def clean(self): value_dict=self.cleaned_data v1 = value_dict.get(‘username‘) v2 = value_dict.get(‘user_id‘) if v1==‘root‘ and v2==0: raise ValidationError(‘整体错误信息‘) return self.cleaned_data def ajax(request): if request.method == ‘GET‘: obj = AjaxForm() return render(request,‘ajax.html‘,{‘obj‘:obj}) else: ret = {‘status‘:‘tom‘,‘message‘:None} import json obj = AjaxForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): # 跳转到百度 # return redirect(‘http://www.baidu.com‘) # if .... # obj.errors[‘username‘] = [‘用户名已经存在‘,] # if .... # obj.errors[‘email‘] = [‘用户名已经存在‘,] ret[‘status‘] = ‘钱‘ return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) else: # print(type(obj.errors)) # print(obj.errors) from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict # print(obj.errors.as_ul()) # print(obj.errors.as_json()) # print(obj.errors.as_data()) ret[‘message‘] = obj.errors # 错误信息显示在页面上 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
钩子函数 - clean_字段名 注意： 必须有返回值 只能拿自己当前字段值 raise ValidationError(‘xxx‘)
select
from django.shortcuts import render from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets class TestForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField( required=True, # 是否必填 max_length=12, # 最大长度 min_length=3, # 最小长度 error_messages={}, # 错误提示 #widget = widgets.Select(), # 定制HTML插件 label=‘用户名‘, initial=‘请输入用户‘, help_text=‘asdfasdf‘, show_hidden_initial=False, # validators=[] disabled=True, label_suffix=‘->‘ ) age = fields.IntegerField( label=‘年龄‘, max_value= 12, min_value=5, error_messages={ ‘max_value‘:‘太大了‘ } ) email = fields.EmailField( label=‘邮箱‘ ) img = fields.FileField() city = fields.TypedChoiceField( coerce=lambda x: int(x), choices=[(1,‘上海‘,),(2,‘北京‘),(3,‘沙河‘),], initial=2 ) xoo = fields.FilePathField( path=‘app01‘ ) #多选checkbox c = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1, ‘刚娘‘), (2, ‘铁娘‘), (3, ‘钢弹‘)], initial=[1,3], widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple ) #多选select bobby = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1, ‘刚娘‘), (2, ‘铁娘‘), (3, ‘钢弹‘)], initial=[1, 2], widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) #单选select t = fields.CharField( widget = widgets.Select(choices=[(1,‘上海‘,),(2,‘北京‘),(3,‘沙河‘),]), initial=2 ) #**********重要＊＊＊＊＊ u = fields.CharField( widget= widgets.Select() ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): #实时更新，拷贝所有的静态字段，复制给self.fields super(TestForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields[‘u‘].widget.choices=UsersF.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘) def test(request): if request.method == ‘GET‘: obj = TestForm() return render(request,‘test.html‘,{‘obj‘:obj}) elif request.method==‘POST‘: obj = TestForm(request.POST,request.FILES) if obj.is_valid(): print(‘成功‘,obj.cleaned_data) return render(request, ‘test.html‘, {‘obj‘: obj}) else: pass
示例
from django.db import models class ClassList(models.Model): """ 班级表 """ caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) headmaster = models.ForeignKey(to="UserInfo") class Student(models.Model): """ 学生表 """ name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() cls = models.ForeignKey(to="ClassList",related_name="uuu") class UserType(models.Model): """ 用户类型表,个数经常变动 """ title = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model): """ 用户表：讲师和班主任 """ username = models.CharField(max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) email = models.CharField(max_length=32) ut = models.ForeignKey(to="UserType") teacher_to_cls = models.ManyToManyField(to=‘ClassList‘,related_name=‘a‘) def __str__(self): return self.username # #################################################
rom app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^index/‘, views.index), url(r‘^login/‘, views.login), url(r‘^teachers/‘, views.teachers), url(r‘^add_teacher/‘, views.add_teacher), url(r‘^edit_teacher/(\d+)/‘, views.edit_teacher), url(r‘^class_list/‘, views.class_list), url(r‘^class_add/‘, views.class_add), url(r‘^class_edit/(\d+)/‘, views.class_edit), url(r‘^teacher_list/‘, views.teacher_list), url(r‘^teacher_add/‘, views.teacher_add), url(r‘^teacher_edit/(\d+)/‘, views.teacher_edit), url(r‘^test/‘, views.test), ]
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse from django.conf import settings from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.core.validators import RegexValidator from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from app01 import models # # def index(request): # # all_teacher_list=models.Teacher.objects.all() # # return render(request,"index.html",locals()) # # # def index(request): # # is_login=request.COOKIES.get("is_login",None) # # if is_login: # # username=request.COOKIES.get("username") # # return render(request, "index.html",locals()) # # else: # # return redirect("/login/") # # # # # def delTeacher(request,tid): # # models.Teacher.objects.filter(tid=tid).delete() # # return redirect("/index/") # class LoginForm(Form): username = fields.CharField( required=True, min_length=3, max_length=18, error_messages={ ‘required‘: ‘用户不能为空‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘用户长度不能小于3‘, ‘max_length‘: ‘用户长度不能大于18‘, } ) password = fields.CharField( required=True, min_length=3, max_length=18, error_messages={ ‘required‘: ‘密码不能为空‘, ‘min_length‘: ‘密码长度不能小于3‘, ‘max_length‘: ‘密码长度不能大于18‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘密码格式错误‘, }, validators=[RegexValidator(‘\d+‘,‘只能是数字‘) ] ) def clean_username(self): # ... user = self.cleaned_data[‘username‘] is_exsit = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user).count() if not is_exsit: raise ValidationError(‘用户名不存在‘) return user def clean_password(self): user = self.cleaned_data[‘username‘] return user def login(request): if request.method == "GET": form = LoginForm() return render(request,‘login.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) elif request.method =="POST": form = LoginForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # 验证成功 user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(**form.cleaned_data).first() if not user: # 用户名或密码错误 # form.add_error(‘password‘,‘用户名或密码错误‘) form.add_error(‘password‘,ValidationError(‘用户名或密码错误‘)) return render(request, ‘login.html‘, {‘form‘: form}) else: request.session[settings.SJF] = {‘id‘:user.id, ‘username‘:user.username} return redirect(‘/index/‘) else: # 验证失败 return render(request, ‘login.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: return HttpResponse(‘滚‘) def auth(func): def inner(request,*args,**kwargs): user_info = request.session.get(settings.SJF) if not user_info: return redirect(‘/login/‘) return func(request,*args,**kwargs) return inner def index(request): username = request.session[settings.SJF][‘username‘] return render(request,‘index.html‘,{‘username‘:username}) def teachers(request): # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut__title=‘讲师‘) teacher_list = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=1) return render(request,‘teachers.html‘,{‘teacher_list‘:teacher_list}) class TeacherForm(Form): username = fields.CharField( required=True, error_messages={‘required‘:‘用户名不能为空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘用户名‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘}) ) # 不能为空 password = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={‘required‘:‘密码不能为空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘密码‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘})) # 不能为空 email = fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={‘required‘:‘邮箱不能为空‘,‘invalid‘:‘邮箱格式错误‘},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘邮箱‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘})) # 不能为空，且邮箱格式 def add_teacher(request): if request.method == ‘GET‘: form = TeacherForm() return render(request,‘add_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: """ 1. 用户请求数据验证 2. 自动生成错误信息 3. 打包用户提交正确信息 4. 错误：保留上次输入内容 5. 定制页面上显示的HTML标签 Django Form组件 1. 创建规则（类，字段） class Foo: username = xxx password = xxx email = xxx 2. 数据和规则进行匹配 """ form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST) # 数据和规则放置一起 if form.is_valid(): # 开始校验,并获取校验结果 # print(‘执行成功‘,form.cleaned_data) # 所有匹配成功，字典 # {‘username‘: ‘asd‘, ‘password‘: ‘sdf‘, ‘email‘: ‘[email protected]‘,‘ut_id‘:1} form.cleaned_data[‘ut_id‘] = 1 models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect(‘/teachers/‘) return render(request, ‘add_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) def edit_teacher(request,nid): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid,ut_id=1).first() if not obj: return redirect(‘/teachers/‘) if request.method == "GET": # 显示input，并且将数据库中的默认值填写到input框中 form = TeacherForm(initial={‘username‘:obj.username,‘password‘:obj.password,‘email‘:obj.email}) return render(request,‘edit_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): # 校验成功 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect(‘/teachers/‘) return render(request,‘edit_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) class TestForm(Form): caption = fields.CharField() # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,‘讲师‘),(2,‘班主任‘)]) # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘)) # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘title‘)) xxx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘)) def test(request): print(‘view.test‘) return HttpResponse(‘...‘) def class_list(request): cls_list = models.ClassList.objects.all() return render(request,‘class_list.html‘,{‘cls_list‘:cls_list}) class ClassForm(Form): caption = fields.CharField(error_messages={‘required‘:‘班级名称不能为空‘}) headmaster_id = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[]) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super().__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields[‘headmaster_id‘].choices = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=2).values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘) def class_add(request): if request.method == ‘GET‘: form = ClassForm() return render(request,‘class_add.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: form = ClassForm(data=request.POST) if not form.is_valid(): return render(request, ‘class_add.html‘, {‘form‘: form}) models.ClassList.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect(‘/class_list/‘) def class_edit(request,nid): obj = models.ClassList.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj: return redirect(‘/class_list/‘) if request.method == "GET": form = ClassForm(initial={‘caption‘: obj.caption,‘headmaster_id‘:obj.headmaster_id}) return render(request, ‘class_edit.html‘, {‘form‘: form}) else: form = ClassForm(data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): models.ClassList.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect(‘/class_list/‘) return render(request, ‘class_edit.html‘, {‘form‘: form}) class TeacherNewForm(Form): username = fields.CharField( required=True, error_messages={‘required‘: ‘用户名不能为空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘: ‘用户名‘, ‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}) ) # 不能为空 password = fields.CharField(required=True, error_messages={‘required‘: ‘密码不能为空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘: ‘密码‘, ‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})) # 不能为空 email = fields.EmailField(required=True, error_messages={‘required‘: ‘邮箱不能为空‘, ‘invalid‘: ‘邮箱格式错误‘}, widget=widgets.EmailInput( attrs={‘placeholder‘: ‘邮箱‘, ‘class‘: ‘form-control‘})) # 不能为空，且邮箱格式 cls_list = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[]) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super().__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields[‘cls_list‘].choices = models.ClassList.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘caption‘) def teacher_list(request): teachers = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=1).all() return render(request,‘teacher_list.html‘,{‘teachers‘:teachers}) def teacher_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = TeacherNewForm() return render(request,‘teacher_add.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: form = TeacherNewForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): """ 1. 创建老师表数据 username password email ut_id=1 2. 创建老师班级关系表数据 新创建的老师 5 cls_list: [1,2,3] """ cls_list = form.cleaned_data.pop(‘cls_list‘) form.cleaned_data[‘ut_id‘]= 1 # 获取新创建的老师对象 user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) # 创建老师和班级关系表数据 user_obj.teacher_to_cls.add(*cls_list) # 第三张表中添加数据 return redirect(‘/teacher_list/‘) def teacher_edit(request,nid): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(ut_id=1,id=nid).first() if not obj: return redirect(‘/teacher_list/‘) """ 获取当前用户信息： obj.username obj.password obj.email obj.teacher_to_cls.all() [班级对象，班级对象,] """ if request.method == "GET": form = TeacherNewForm(initial={‘username‘:obj.username,‘password‘:obj.password,‘email‘:obj.email,‘cls_list‘:[row.id for row in obj.teacher_to_cls.all()]}) return render(request,‘teacher_edit.html‘,{‘form‘:form}) else: form = TeacherNewForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): cls_list = form.cleaned_data.pop(‘cls_list‘) models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data) obj.teacher_to_cls.set(cls_list) # 更新第三张表 return redirect(‘/teacher_list/‘) return render(request, ‘teacher_edit.html‘, {‘form‘: form})
详见github schoolmanaage
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