A* 算法理解与实现

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F=G(已花费)+H(将花费);
 
G:直线花费10点。斜着走花费14点。
 
A* 算法的核心是,确定F花费最少的节点,并将节点记录下来。
1建立节点信息类,用以处理节点。
2确定初始节点   Node root = new Node(start);
3利用BFS思想,确定可以拓展的节点
4.在确定可拓展节点前,拓展队列中最小花费的节点,作为将要拓展节点的父节点。(父节点唯一)
5.在可扩展节点处,实例新的节点信息,确定父节点,并计算当前节点的F、G、H值。(计算与终点的预估值H)(G为已花费)
核心在于F值的大小会影响优先级。
6,当节点坐标与终点坐标重合时,即找到目标,通过循环,将此线路的父节点压入栈中。
7.通过读取栈中的值,可以确定路线。
 
public class Node
{
    //坐标
    public int X, Y;
    //消耗
    public int F, G, H;
    //父节点
    public Node Parent;
    //计算H值
    public void CalculateH(Vector2 end) {
        this.H = (int )(10 * (Mathf.Abs(end.x - X) + Mathf.Abs(end.y - Y)));
    }
    public void CalculateF() {
        this.F = this .G + this.H;
    }
    public Node( int x,int y,Node parent= null) {
        this.X = x;
        this.Y = y;
        this.Parent = parent;
    }
    public Node( Vector2 point,Node parent = null)
    {
        this.X =(int )point.x;
        this.Y = (int )point.y;
        this.Parent = parent;
    }
 
}
 
#region Segment
    public static Stack <Vector2> path = new Stack <Vector2>();
    Vector2 start;
    Vector2 end;
    public const int RowCount = 7;
    public const int ColCount = 9;
    byte[,] mapData = new byte [RowCount, ColCount];
    Transform player;
    Vector3 moveDir;
    Vector3 targer;
    #endregion
 
    #region Mothed
    private void Start()
    {
        //LoadMapData();
        //CreateMap();
        //GetStartEnd();
        //BFS();
        //player = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType.Sphere).transform;
        //player.transform.position = GetPosition(start);
        //targer = GetPosition(path.Peek());
    }
 
    public void Update()
    {
        moveDir = (targer - player.position).normalized;
        player.Translate(moveDir* Time.deltaTime);
        if (Vector3 .Distance(player.transform.position,targer)<0.1f)
        {
            path.Pop();
            if (path.Count==0)
            {
                this.enabled = false ;
            }
            else
            {
            targer = GetPosition(path.Peek());
            }
        }
    }
 
    //获取游戏数据
    private void LoadMapData()
    {
        string path = Application .dataPath + "/Map/map.txt";
        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(path);
        string result = sr.ReadToEnd();
        string[] data = result.Split(new string[] { "\r\n" }, System.StringSplitOptions .None);
        for (int i = 0; i < RowCount; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < ColCount; j++)
            {
                mapData[i, j] = byte.Parse(data[i][j].ToString());
            }
        }
    }
 
    //生成地图数据
    public void CreateMap()
    {
        GameObject Roads = new GameObject( "Roads");
        GameObject red = Resources .Load("red", typeof(GameObject )) as GameObject;
        GameObject blue = Resources .Load("blue", typeof(GameObject )) as GameObject;
        GameObject yellow = Resources .Load("yellow", typeof(GameObject )) as GameObject;
        for (int i = 0; i < RowCount; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < ColCount; j++)
            {
                GameObject road = null ;
                switch (mapData[i, j])
                {
                    case 0:
                        road = Instantiate(red) as GameObject ;
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        road = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType .Cube);
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        road = Instantiate(blue) as GameObject ;
                        break;
                    case 9:
                        road = Instantiate(yellow) as GameObject ;
                        break;
                    default:
                        road = GameObject.CreatePrimitive(PrimitiveType .Cube);
                        break;
                }
                road.transform.SetParent(Roads.transform);
                road.transform.position = GetPosition(i, j);
                road.transform.localScale = Vector3.one * 0.8f;
                road.name = i.ToString() + "_" + j.ToString();
            }
        }
    }
 
    Vector3 GetPosition( int x, int y)
    {
        int pos_x = -RowCount / 3 + y;
        int pos_y = ColCount / 3 + x;
        return new Vector3(pos_x, 0, pos_y);
    }
    Vector3 GetPosition( Vector2 pos)
    {
        int pos_x = -RowCount / 3 + (int )pos.y;
        int pos_y = ColCount / 3 + (int )pos.x;
        return new Vector3(pos_x, 1, pos_y);
    }
    void GetStartEnd()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < mapData.GetLength(0); i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < mapData.GetLength(1); j++)
            {
                if (mapData[i, j] == 0)
                {
                    start.x = i;
                    start.y = j;
                }
                else if (mapData[i, j] == 9)
                {
                    end.x = i;
                    end.y = j;
                    Debug.Log(new Vector2(i, j));
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    List< Node> list = new List< Node>();
    List< Node> visited = new List< Node>();
    private Vector2[] dirs = new Vector2[] { Vector2.up, Vector2 .down, Vector2.left, Vector2.right, new Vector2(1, 1), new Vector2(-1, 1), new Vector2 (1, -1), new Vector2(-1, -1) };
 
    void BFS()
    {
        Node root = new Node(start);
        list.Add(root);
        while (list.Count > 0)
        {
            //f值排序
            list.Sort(Comparer);
            Node node = list[0];
            list.Remove(node); //移除
            visited.Add(node); //添加访问节点
            for (int i = 0; i < dirs.Length; i++)
            {
                Vector2 point;
                point.x = node.X + dirs[i].x;
                point.y = node.Y + dirs[i].y;
                if (IsOk(point))
                {
                    Node n = new Node(point, node);
                    n.G = i > 3 ? node.G + 14 : node.G + 10;
                    n.CalculateH(end);
                    n.CalculateF();
                    list.Add(n);
                    if (point == end)
                    {
                        Debug.Log("find" );
                        Node p = n;
                        while (p != null )
                        {
                            Debug.Log(p.X + "\t" + p.Y);
                            path.Push( new Vector2 (p.X,p.Y));
                            p = p.Parent;
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    private int Comparer(Node x, Node y)
    {
        if (x.F == y.F)
        {
            return 0;//表示不交互位置
        }
        else if (x.F > y.F)
        {
            return 1;//表示交互位置
        }
        else
        {
            return -1;//表示不交换位置
        }
    }
 
    public bool IsOk(Vector2 point)
    {
        if (point.x <= 0 || point.x >= mapData.GetLength(0) || point.y <= 0 || point.y >= mapData.GetLength(1))
        {
            return false ;
        }
        if (mapData[(int )point.x, (int)point.y] == 2)
        {
            return false ;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < visited.Count; i++)
        {
            if (visited[i].X == point.x && visited[i].Y == point.y)
            {
                return false ;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
        {
            if (list[i].X == point.x && list[i].Y == point.y)
            {
                return false ;
            }
        }
        return true ;
    }
    #endregion

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