利用keepalived和haproxy配置mysql的高可用负载均衡

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利用keepalived和haproxy配置mysql的高可用负载均衡
实验系统:CentOS 7.5

实验前提:防火墙和selinux都关闭

实验说明:本实验共有4台主机,IP分配如拓扑

实验软件:keepalived  haproxy-1.5.19  mariadb

实验拓扑:

技术图片

一:安装MySql(在两个mysql节点上都配置)
1:安装mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb

2:修改root密码:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password ‘pwd123‘

二:mysql配置双主复制
1:节点1配置

修改 Master 的配置文件/etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
log-slave-updates=true

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

2:节点2配置

vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=2
log-slave-updates=true

3:在两个mysql上都创建用于复制操作的用户
创建用户并授权
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -ppwd123

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on . to zhangsan@‘%‘ identified by ‘pwd123‘;

刷新授权表信息
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

4:在两个节点上获取主节点当前binary log文件名和位置(position)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 155 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5:在两个节点上设置主节点参数
(1)节点一
mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.10.102‘,master_user=‘zhangsan‘,master_password=‘pwd123‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=155;

开启从节点
mysql> start slave;

(2)节点二

mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.10.101‘,master_user=‘zhangsan‘,master_password=‘pwd123‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=155;

开启从节点
mysql> start slave;

6:在两个节点上查看主从同步状态

mysql> show slave status\G;

二、编译安装haproxy

1:在10.103和10.104上编译安装haproxy:
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel bzip2-devel gcc*

[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf haproxy-1.5.19.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd haproxy-1.5.19/
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# make TARGET=linux26
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# make install

2:建立haproxy配置文件
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# mkdir /etc/haproxy
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# cp examples/haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/

4:创建启动脚本
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# cp examples/haproxy.init /etc/init.d/haproxy
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/haproxy /usr/sbin/haproxy
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy
[root@localhost haproxy-1.5.19]# /etc/init.d/haproxy start

3:修改配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/share/haproxy
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global
log 127.0.0.1 local0
log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice
#log loghost local0 info
maxconn 4096
chroot /usr/share/haproxy
uid 99
gid 99
daemon
#debug
#quiet

defaults
log global
mode tcp
option httplog
option dontlognull
retries 3
redispatch
maxconn 2000
contimeout 5000
clitimeout 50000
srvtimeout 50000

listen stats
mode http
bind :6677
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /admin
stats realm haproxy
stats auth admin:admin
stats admin if TRUE

frontend main *:3306
default_backend mysql

backend mysql
balance leastconn
server m1 192.168.10.101:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
server m2 192.168.10.102:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300

*```
注释:
frontend main
:3306
default_backend mysql

backend mysql
balance leastconn
server m1 192.168.10.101:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
server m2 192.168.10.102:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300

此部分可以写成
listen mysql 0.0.0.0:3306
balance leastconn
server m1 192.168.10.101:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
server m2 192.168.10.102:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
**



注释:
listen stats                              ##配置haproxy状态页
    mode http
    bind :6677                            ##找一个比较特殊的端口
    stats enable
    stats hide-version                    ##隐藏haproxy版本号
    stats uri     /haproxyadmin?stats     ##用于打开状态页的uri
    stats realm   Haproxy\ Statistics     ##输入账户密码时的提示文字
    stats auth    admin:admin             ##用户名:密码
    stats admin if TRUE                   ##开启状态页的管理功能

frontend  main *:3306                     ##这里为了实验方便,使用3306端口
    default_backend             mysql     ##后端服务器组名

backend mysql
    balance     leastconn                 ##使用最少连接方式调度
注意:以上配置是为了在网页中测试 haproxy 调度情况

5:启动测试haproxy:

service haproxy start
netstat -tnlp
 
6:按照上述步骤部署第二台haproxy

三:在客户机上测试haproxy的代理功能
1:在mysql01上创建测试用的账号,并授权

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO ‘lisi‘@‘192.168.10.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2:在客户端分别登录两个haproxy,若都能连接成功则继续往下:

yum -y install mysql                            ##如果没有mysql客户端则运行此命令
mysql -ulisi -p123456 -h192.168.10.103          
mysql -ulisi -p123456 -h192.168.10.104        

四、安装keepalived

1.在10.103和10.104上安装keepalived:
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager    ##关于IP 协议的,需关闭此项
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable keepalived

2.在10.103上配置keepalived:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs                                                 
notification_email 
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_01


vrrp_script chk_haproxy 
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"                      ##检查haproxy的脚本
    interval 2                                           ##每两秒检查一次


vrrp_instance VI_1 
    state BACKUP                                        ##定义为BACKUP节点
    nopreempt                                           ##开启不抢占
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100                  ##开启了不抢占,所以此处优先级必须高于另一台
    advert_int 1
    authentication 
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    
    virtual_ipaddress 
        192.168.10.100                                 ##配置VIP
    
    track_script 
        chk_haproxy                                    ##调用检查脚本
    

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"      notify 通告  track 跟踪   chk检查
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"


3.在10.104上配置keepalived:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs 
   notification_email 
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_02


vrrp_script chk_haproxy 
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"
    interval 2


vrrp_instance VI_1 
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99
    advert_int 1
    authentication 
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    
    virtual_ipaddress 
        192.168.10.100
    
    track_script 
        chk_haproxy
    

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"


注释:  如果不写,则Haproxy stop 后,IP 漂移不过
 notify_master:当当前节点成为master时,通知脚本执行任务
notify_backup:当当前节点成为backup时,通知脚本执行任务
notify_fault:当当前节点出现故障,执行的任务; 

4.在两台机器上创建chk.sh文件:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/chk.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then
       systemctl restart keepalived
fi

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/chk.sh

5.在10.103和10.104上进行测试:

[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived start
    此处两台主机均配置为BACKUP,因此哪台先运行keepalived,VIP就在哪台上。我这里刚开始VIP运行在10.103上,然后进行连接测试:

    

mysql -ulisi -p123456 -h192.168.10.100
CREATE DATABASE test;
    

测试:    

    停掉10.103的keepalived服务,让VIP转移到10.104上,再进行测试:

[root@localhost ~]# service keepalived stop       ##停掉10.103的keepalived服务
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.10.100
------------------------------------------->
SHOW DATABASES;
    

在浏览器打开http:##192.168.19.150:6677/admin,打开haproxy状态页:

在10.101上关闭mysql服务,可以看到haproxy对于后端服务器的检测是很迅速的:

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stop

  7.额外说明:

    继续之前的实验,将10.103上的keepalived服务再次启动,可以发现,VIP仍然在10.104上,这就是之前为什么要配置不抢占的原因。如果按照正常的配置,将10.103配置为MASTER,当它重启keepalived服务后,则一定会将VIP抢回。但实际上我们并不希望这样,因为10.104仍在正常工作,10.103没有理由去抢夺资源,造成没必要的资源切换。实验演示就到这里,谢谢大家!

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