指示代词

Posted 2021-01-01 baird

本文摘自复旦大学出版社《中学英语语法(高中第二版)》，作者魏孟勋

指示代词(Demonstrative Pronoun)指具有指示概念的代词:
this 这， that 那， these 这些， those 那些， such 如此的

指示代词的用法
1、this,these 指空间上离说话人较劲的人或物，而that，those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物。例如：
These are new comers in our class. Those over there are new teachers.
Tim saw something on the ground. “What’s that?” he said to himself.

2、指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时，一般用 it/they。例如：
–What’s this?
–It is a vase(花瓶) made in the Qin Dynasty.
Those are my new neighbors. They are very friendly.

3、指示代词this，that常用于指上文提到过的事。例如：
Tusks(象牙) in good condition are in great demand, and may sell for as high as two thousand dollars or more. Because of this, a large number of elephants have been killed.
I always remember our first meeting with him. That was thirty years ago.

4、在打电话或其他场合，看得到的一方用this或these，而听得见看不到的一方用that或those。例如：
This is Nelson speaking. Who’s that? Oh, is that you Mary?
Hearing a strange noise, Susan sat up and asked, “Who’s that?”

5、指示代词that和those可用于特指上文中提到的名词，后面一般带有介词短语或句子作修饰语。例如：
My seat was next to that(= the seat) of my mayor.我的位子就在市长的座位旁边。
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
His recent paintings are better than those he drew last year.
Modern libraries are far more reasonably planned than those built last century.

6、those + who 引导的定语从句意为“…的人”。例如：
Those who break the law will be punished.
Those who want to visit the science museum may sign their names on the paper.

such的用法
作主语或宾语，表示“如此、这样的人或事”。例如：
Such was Einstein, a sample man of great achievement.

such可以修饰单复数可数名词和不可数名词。例如：
I didn’t expect to meet such great trouble in the work.我没料到会在工作中遇到这么大的麻烦。
The shop sells such things as gloves(手套), hats and sports shoes.
They had such a hard time working out the hard problem.

结构“such + a(an) + 形容词 + 名词”可以转换成“so + 形容词 + a(an) + 名词”。例如：
I have never caught such a big fish.
I have never caught so big a fish.