Python高级应用程序设计任务要求

Posted 王忠达

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一、主题式网络爬虫设计方案(15分)

 

1.主题式网络爬虫名称:小米官网爬虫手机类型价格爬虫

 

 

2.主题式网络爬虫爬取的内容与数据特征分析:小米官网爬虫手机类型价格爬虫

 

3.主题式网络爬虫设计方案概述(包括实现思路与技术难点)

本次设计方案主要依靠BeautifulSoup对目标页面进行信息的爬取采集,对数据进行清洗,最后将结果打印出来

实现思路:获取小米官网HTML页面,爬取数据,使用beautifulsoup进行数据存储、读取,最后打印出来数据

 

技术难点:对于数据的清洗还有各个价格之间的对应关系。

实现思路:获取豆瓣音乐目标的HTML页面,爬取数据,使用pandas进行数据存储、读取,最后打印出来数据

 

二、主题页面的结构特征分析(15分)
1. 1.主题页面的结构特征http://detail.zol.com.cn/cell_phone_index/subcate57_34645_list_1.html

 

打开小米官网,通过右击鼠-标查看网页源代码,找到对应要爬取的信息

 

2.Htmls页面解析

使用BeautifulSoup进行网页页面解析,通过观察发现我想要获取的内容是在“div”标签下的“a”标签中。

 

3.节点(标签)查找方法与遍历方法
(必要时画出节点树结构)
查找:get函数,find

遍历:for循环嵌套

 

三、网络爬虫程序设计(60分)
爬虫程序主体要包括以下各部分,要附源代码及较详细注释,并在每部分程序后面提供输出结果的截图。

 

 

1.数据爬取与采集

 

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import threading
header={
    \'user-agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36\',
    \'cookie\': \'cna=WLxnFpWWi2YCAd5YmGBzb1LE; lid=%E5%A2%A8%E6%83%9C%E5%A6%82%E9%A3%8E; mbk=d104fe4feee1e4c8; enc=ZCXWltgoZbBKllIe42s2UMcdQrPHmbPRvsr5bu64hsyhih2chiIXNMdBlKbSjBosRRqbW8Ba58RiIkOj5bUr1Q%3D%3D; tk_trace=1; t=416ebaf372aac9e714d2411257bebe66; tracknick=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; lgc=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; _tb_token_=e33db43b7fe30; cookie2=130ad5a94570e50984de0fa8439d8b65; dnk=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; uc1=cookie21=VFC%2FuZ9ainBZ&cookie14=UoTbm8RWp827BA%3D%3D&pas=0&existShop=false&lng=zh_CN&cookie15=WqG3DMC9VAQiUQ%3D%3D&tag=8&cookie16=URm48syIJ1yk0MX2J7mAAEhTuw%3D%3D; uc3=nk2=p2MwXab0cT8%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D&vt3=F8dByus1oAedGs7HXvs%3D&id2=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; uc4=nk4=0%40pVXnDf4QgAF6OsvRnr8f86t9pQ%3D%3D&id4=0%40UgckEyzfCeaEbCy9LaVJ3V%2BC1%2B2o; unb=3004348014; cookie1=AVcQal%2F7P9z%2B8EjUWhp7%2BQvoVbt%2Fz5oUDaF9k92YW%2BU%3D; login=true; cookie17=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _nk_=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; sg=%E9%A3%8E4e; csg=8ac18de6; l=dBORoGnuqd-_KXXvBOCanurza77OjIRYouPzaNbMi_5Zl6L6H_QOkUgh7Fp6cjWft4TB4dH2-sp9-etkiepTY-cHtBU4RxDc.; isg=BLi41LSjEe7kQn1tu6bgpcSKiWZKIRyr208sQPIpC_OmDVj3mjFoOukrxUUYW9SD\'
}
gLock = threading.Lock()    #引入解锁和上锁的类
def get_bar(name,list):
    gLock.acquire() #上锁
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'Microsoft YaHei\']   #显示中文字体
    plt.title(\'各品牌手机部分平均价格\')    #标题
    plt.xlabel(\'品牌\')    #x轴标签
    plt.ylabel(\'价格\')    #同上
    colors=[\'yellow\',\'red\',\'blue\',\'green\',\'orange\'] #设置颜色
    plt.bar(name,list6,alpha=0.8,color=colors)  #开始绘图
    plt.show()  #展示绘图结果
    gLock.release() #解锁
\'\'\'以下五个函数的代码部分是相似的,换句话说是一样的,但是他们传入的参数是不同的,不一一注释了\'\'\'
def get_xiaomi(url):
    price_list=[]   #价格列表
    name_list=[]    #名称
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text    #获取网页内容,携带请求头进行伪装爬虫
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')  #设置解析方式
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):    #提取数据,初步筛选信息
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']      #获取价格
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')  #获取名称,并对民称进行处理
        print(price,name)   #打印名称和价格
        price=float(price)  #将字符型价格改为浮点型价格,强制转化
        name_list.append(name) #将名字和价格添加进列表
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

2.对数据进行清洗和处理

 

def get_rongyao(url):
    price_list=[]
    name_list=[]
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price,name)
        price=float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

def get_huawei(url):
    price_list = []
    name_list = []
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price, name)
        price = float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list, price_list

 

 3.文本分析(可选):jieba分词、wordcloud可视化

 

 

4.数据分析与可视化

 

def get_figure(name1,list1,name2,list2,name3,list3,name4,list4,name5,list5):
    gLock.acquire()
    \'\'\'绘图中,显示中文字体\'\'\'
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'Microsoft YaHei\']
    fig=plt.figure()
    \'\'\'分配子图\'\'\'
    ax1=fig.add_subplot(321)
    ax2=fig.add_subplot(322)
    ax3=fig.add_subplot(323)
    ax4=fig.add_subplot(324)
    ax5=fig.add_subplot(325)
    name1 = range(len(name1))
    name2 = range(len(name2))
    name3 = range(len(name3))
    name4 = range(len(name4))
    name5 = range(len(name5))
    \'\'\'绘制各个子图,并且设置各个子图的x,y,轴标签,以及标题\'\'\'
    ax1.set_title(\'小米价格图\')
    ax1.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax1.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax1.plot(name1,list1)
    ax2.set_title(\'荣耀价格图\')
    ax3.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax2.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax2.plot(name2, list2,\'r\')
    ax3.set_title(\'华为价格图\')
    ax3.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax3.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax3.plot(name3, list3,\'g\')
    ax4.set_title(\'vivo价格图\')
    ax4.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax4.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax4.plot(name4, list4,\'y\')
    ax5.set_title(\'三星价格图\')
    ax5.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax5.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax5.plot(name5, list5,\'b\')
    plt.savefig(\'多品牌价格图.png\')   #保存绘图结果
    plt.show()      #展示绘图结果
    gLock.release()     #解锁

def price_bar(list1,list2,list3,list4,list5):
    gLock.acquire()         #上锁
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'Microsoft YaHei\']       #显示中文字体
    plt.xlabel(\'价位\')
    plt.ylabel(\'品种数\')
    p_500,p_1000,p_2000,p_3000,p_4000,p_5000,p_6000,p_else=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0      #计数器,用于统计
    kind_list=[list1,list2,list3,list4,list5]
    for i in range(5):
        for j in range(len(kind_list[i])):
            # print(j)
            if(kind_list[i][j]<=500):
                p_500+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=1000):
                p_1000+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=2000):
                p_2000+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=3000):
                p_3000+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=4000):
                p_4000+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=5000):
                p_5000+=1
            elif(kind_list[i][j]<=6000):
                p_6000+=1
            else:
                p_else+=1
    xlist=[\'500\',\'1000\',\'2000\',\'3000\',\'4000\',\'5000\',\'6000\',\'6000+\',]
    ylist=[p_500,p_1000,p_2000,p_3000,p_4000,p_5000,p_6000,p_else]
    colors=[\'purple\',\'pink\',\'red\',\'yellow\',\'orange\',\'blue\',\'silver\',\'green\']    #设置颜色列表
    plt.bar(xlist,ylist,color=colors)   #绘制条形图
    plt.show()  #展示绘图结果
    gLock.release() #解锁

 

 5.数据持久化

 

if __name__==\'__main__\':
    \'\'\'设置url列表,以下这些均为天猫,手机下的,综合部分的链接,如果需要,可以进行更换\'\'\'
    urllist = [
        \'https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?q=%D0%A1%C3%D7%CA%D6%BB%FA&type=p&vmarket=&spm=875.7931836%2FB.a2227oh.d100&from=mallfp..pc_1_searchbutton\',
        \'https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.1.3e5e17e7HMiPUP&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%C8%D9%D2%AB%CA%D6%BB%FA\',
        \'https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.1.19364d7ePqKoRA&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%BB%AA%CE%AA%CA%D6%BB%FA\',
        \'https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.2.4cd110b21pk5Js&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=vivo+%CA%D6%BB%FA\',
        \'https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.6.159e3278ogZpdE&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%C8%FD%D0%C7+%CA%D6%BB%FA\', ]
    \'\'\'返回爬取结果\'\'\'
    name1,list1=get_xiaomi(urllist[0])
    name2,list2=get_rongyao(urllist[1])
    name3,list3=get_huawei(urllist[2])
    name4,list4=get_vivo(urllist[3])
    name5,list5=get_sanxing(urllist[4])
    list6=[]    #设置二维矩阵(数组),分别是对应品牌的价格信息
    list6.append(np.average(list1))
    list6.append(np.average(list2))
    list6.append(np.average(list3))
    list6.append(np.average(list4))
    list6.append(np.average(list5))
    name=[\'小米\',\'荣耀\',\'华为\',\'vivo\',\'三星\']
    \'\'\'设置多线程,为防止冲突,需要给对应的函数上锁,和解锁\'\'\'
    \'\'\'设置三个线程\'\'\'
    t1=threading.Thread(target=get_bar,args=(name,list6))
    t2=threading.Thread(target=get_figure,args=(name1, list1, name2, list2, name3, list3, name4, list4, name5, list5))
    t3=threading.Thread(target=price_bar,args=(list1,list2,list3,list4,list5))
    \'\'\'开启三个线程\'\'\'
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    t3.start()

 

 

 

 

完整代码:

 

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import threading
header={
    \'user-agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36\',
    \'cookie\': \'cna=WLxnFpWWi2YCAd5YmGBzb1LE; lid=%E5%A2%A8%E6%83%9C%E5%A6%82%E9%A3%8E; mbk=d104fe4feee1e4c8; enc=ZCXWltgoZbBKllIe42s2UMcdQrPHmbPRvsr5bu64hsyhih2chiIXNMdBlKbSjBosRRqbW8Ba58RiIkOj5bUr1Q%3D%3D; tk_trace=1; t=416ebaf372aac9e714d2411257bebe66; tracknick=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; lgc=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; _tb_token_=e33db43b7fe30; cookie2=130ad5a94570e50984de0fa8439d8b65; dnk=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; uc1=cookie21=VFC%2FuZ9ainBZ&cookie14=UoTbm8RWp827BA%3D%3D&pas=0&existShop=false&lng=zh_CN&cookie15=WqG3DMC9VAQiUQ%3D%3D&tag=8&cookie16=URm48syIJ1yk0MX2J7mAAEhTuw%3D%3D; uc3=nk2=p2MwXab0cT8%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D&vt3=F8dByus1oAedGs7HXvs%3D&id2=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; uc4=nk4=0%40pVXnDf4QgAF6OsvRnr8f86t9pQ%3D%3D&id4=0%40UgckEyzfCeaEbCy9LaVJ3V%2BC1%2B2o; unb=3004348014; cookie1=AVcQal%2F7P9z%2B8EjUWhp7%2BQvoVbt%2Fz5oUDaF9k92YW%2BU%3D; login=true; cookie17=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _nk_=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; sg=%E9%A3%8E4e; csg=8ac18de6; l=dBORoGnuqd-_KXXvBOCanurza77OjIRYouPzaNbMi_5Zl6L6H_QOkUgh7Fp6cjWft4TB4dH2-sp9-etkiepTY-cHtBU4RxDc.; isg=BLi41LSjEe7kQn1tu6bgpcSKiWZKIRyr208sQPIpC_OmDVj3mjFoOukrxUUYW9SD\'
}
gLock = threading.Lock()    #引入解锁和上锁的类
def get_bar(name,list):
    gLock.acquire() #上锁
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'Microsoft YaHei\']   #显示中文字体
    plt.title(\'各品牌手机部分平均价格\')    #标题
    plt.xlabel(\'品牌\')    #x轴标签
    plt.ylabel(\'价格\')    #同上
    colors=[\'yellow\',\'red\',\'blue\',\'green\',\'orange\'] #设置颜色
    plt.bar(name,list6,alpha=0.8,color=colors)  #开始绘图
    plt.show()  #展示绘图结果
    gLock.release() #解锁
\'\'\'以下五个函数的代码部分是相似的,换句话说是一样的,但是他们传入的参数是不同的,不一一注释了\'\'\'
def get_xiaomi(url):
    price_list=[]   #价格列表
    name_list=[]    #名称
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text    #获取网页内容,携带请求头进行伪装爬虫
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')  #设置解析方式
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):    #提取数据,初步筛选信息
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']      #获取价格
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')  #获取名称,并对民称进行处理
        print(price,name)   #打印名称和价格
        price=float(price)  #将字符型价格改为浮点型价格,强制转化
        name_list.append(name) #将名字和价格添加进列表
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

def get_rongyao(url):
    price_list=[]
    name_list=[]
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price,name)
        price=float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

def get_huawei(url):
    price_list = []
    name_list = []
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price, name)
        price = float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list, price_list

def get_vivo(url):
    price_list=[]
    name_list=[]
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price,name)
        price=float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

def get_sanxing(url):
    price_list=[]
    name_list=[]
    txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text
    bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, \'html.parser\')
    for product in bs.find_all(\'div\', class_="product"):
        price = product.find_all(\'em\')[0][\'title\']
        name = product.find_all(\'a\', attrs={\'target\': "_blank"})[1].text.replace(\'\\n\', \'\')
        print(price,name)
        price=float(price)
        name_list.append(name)
        price_list.append(price)

    return name_list,price_list

def get_figure(name1,list1,name2,list2,name3,list3,name4,list4,name5,list5):
    gLock.acquire()
    \'\'\'绘图中,显示中文字体\'\'\'
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'Microsoft YaHei\']
    fig=plt.figure()
    \'\'\'分配子图\'\'\'
    ax1=fig.add_subplot(321)
    ax2=fig.add_subplot(322)
    ax3=fig.add_subplot(323)
    ax4=fig.add_subplot(324)
    ax5=fig.add_subplot(325)
    name1 = range(len(name1))
    name2 = range(len(name2))
    name3 = range(len(name3))
    name4 = range(len(name4))
    name5 = range(len(name5))
    \'\'\'绘制各个子图,并且设置各个子图的x,y,轴标签,以及标题\'\'\'
    ax1.set_title(\'小米价格图\')
    ax1.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax1.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax1.plot(name1,list1)
    ax2.set_title(\'荣耀价格图\')
    ax3.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax2.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax2.plot(name2, list2,\'r\')
    ax3.set_title(\'华为价格图\')
    ax3.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax3.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax3.plot(name3, list3,\'g\')
    ax4.set_title(\'vivo价格图\')
    ax4.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax4.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax4.plot(name4, list4,\'y\')
    ax5.set_title(\'三星价格图\')
    ax5.set_xlabel(\'品牌\')
    ax5.set_ylabel(\'价格\')
    ax5.plot(name5, list5,\'b\')
    plt.savefig(\'多品牌价格图.png\')   #保存绘图结果
    plt.show()      #展示绘图结果
    gLock.release()     #解锁

def price_bar(list1,list2,list3,list4,list5):
    gLock.acquire()         #上锁
    plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serifPython高级应用程序设计任务要求

Python高级应用程序设计任务要求

Python高级应用程序设计任务要求

Python高级应用程序设计任务要求

Python高级应用程序设计任务要求

Python高级应用程序设计任务要求