keepalived安装与配置

Posted 2023-04-22

参考技术A keepalived是集群管理中保证集群高可用的一个服务软件，用来防止单点故障。

keepalived是以VRRP协议为实现基础的，VRRP全称Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，即 虚拟路由冗余协议 。

虚拟路由冗余协议，可以认为是实现路由器高可用的协议，即将N台提供相同功能的路由器组成一个路由器组，这个组里面有一个master和多个backup，master上面有一个对外提供服务的vip（该路由器所在局域网内其他机器的默认路由为该vip），master会发组播，当backup收不到vrrp包时就认为master宕掉了，这时就需要根据 VRRP的优先级 来 选举一个backup当master 。这样的话就可以保证路由器的高可用了。

keepalived主要有三个模块，分别是core、check和vrrp。core模块为keepalived的核心，负责主进程的启动、维护以及全局配置文件的加载和解析。check负责健康检查，包括常见的各种检查方式。vrrp模块是来实现VRRP协议的。

配置虚拟路由器：实现IP流动的部分:

演示说明：

2台ubuntu 主机：node-01，node-02

node-01 ip: 10.0.42.145

node-02 ip: 10.0.40.112

配置完成后，启动服务:

查看进程是否存在：

使用ip 命令查看ip情况：

Nginx+Keepalived 主备高可用 安装与配置

环境说明：
操作系统：CentOS6.7 x86_64
Nginx版本：nginx-1.9.7
Keepalived版本：keepalived-1.2.24
主nginx + Keepalived ：10.219.24.26
备nginx + Keepalived ：10.219.24.23
虚拟IP：10.219.24.100
后端tomcat_1：10.219.24.21:8080
后端tomcat_2：10.219.24.21:8081

架构与原理： 前端双 Nginx + Keepalived ，Nginx反向代理到后端tomcat集群实现负载均衡，Keepalived实现集群高可用，
主nginx故障后虚拟IP自动漂移到备nginx。

一、 Nginx + Keepalived 安装

一、1 nginx-1.9.7 编译安装

下载地址: http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz

补充: 安装 nginx之前，需要先安装一些依赖包：gcc、pcre、zlib
a、nginx gzip模块需要zlib库
b、nginx rewrite模块需要pcre库
c、nginx ssl模块需要openssl库

1、安装必要依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

centos 6.7 配置 yum 本地源 链接参考： http://blog.csdn.NET/zhang123456456/article/details/56690945
2、 Nginx安装
[[email protected] ~]# ll nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 885562 Jun 14 21:46 nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd nginx-1.9.7
-- 配置nginx安装选项
[[email protected] nginx-1.9.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
说明： 配置完毕后可以看到一个配置概要，概要中的5项必须都有了相应的库支持
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ OpenSSL library is not used
##如果想要安装openssl模块，安装时需指定 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.2d ##
+ md5: using system crypto library
+ sha1: using system crypto library
+ using system zlib library
-- 安装nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.9.7]# make && make install
3、 检查安装是否正常
[[email protected] nginx-1.9.7]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[[email protected] nginx]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 14 22:14 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 14 22:14 html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 14 22:14 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 14 22:14 sbin
-- 启动
[[email protected] nginx]# ./sbin/nginx #如果不能正常启动，可能是端口占用
[[email protected] nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 5212 1 0 22:17 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx
nobody 5213 5212 0 22:17 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 5228 2359 0 22:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx
-- 访问
浏览器输入： http://10.219.24.26/ #ip换成自己的ip
看到以下页面内容，一切正常。
Welcome to nginx!

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

-- 关闭
[[email protected] nginx]# ./sbin/nginx -s stop
[[email protected] nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 5241 2359 0 22:25 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nginx

一、2 安装 keepalived-1.2.24

一、2.1 安装 LVS

前提：已经提前配置好本地 Yum 源 配置过程可参考> http://blog.csdn.NET/zhang123456456/article/details/56690945
1、 检查一下系统内核
安装之前，首先检查一下系统内核是否支持LVS的IPVS模块；自Linux 2.6开始，系统内核完全内置了LVS的各个模块。
[[email protected] ~]# modprobe -l|grep ipvs
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_rr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_wrr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lc.ko
....
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.ko
看到如上输出信息，则表明系统内核默认支持IPVS模块。

2、安装依赖包
由于是源码包安装，所以编译时需要打上如下依赖包。
# yum -y install kernel-headers glibc-headers glibc-devel libgomp gcc libstdc++-devel gcc-c++

3、 yum安装 ipvsadm-1.26-4
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install kernel-devel ipvsadm
===================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================
Installing:
ipvsadm x86_64 1.26-4.el6 c6-media 42 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)

Total download size: 42 k
Installed size: 78 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : ipvsadm-1.26-4.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : ipvsadm-1.26-4.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:
ipvsadm.x86_64 0:1.26-4.el6

Complete!
4、 做个 ln
[[email protected] ~]# ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux <--请自行修改 kernels 版本号

5、 查看 ipvsadm 版本信息
[[email protected] ~]# ipvsadm -version
ipvsadm v1.26 2008/5/15 (compiled with popt and IPVS v1.2.1) #> 能看到帮助信息，则说明IPVS安装成功。

一、2.2 安装 keepalived-1.2.24

1、官网下载地址：
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz
2、解压安装包：
[[email protected] ~]# ll keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 601873 Jun 16 23:49 keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz
3、进入安装目录：
[[email protected] ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.24

4、安装keepalived:
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64/

说明：--with-kernel-dri ：指定使用内核源码中的头文件，即include目录，该参数很重要，只有使用LVS时才用此参数。
主要输出：
Keepalived configuration
------------------------
Keepalived version : 1.2.24
Compiler : gcc
Preprocessor flags :
Compiler flags : -Wall -Wunused -Wstrict-prototypes
Linker flags :
Extra Lib : -ldl -lssl -lcrypto
Use IPVS Framework : Yes
IPVS use libnl : No
IPVS syncd attributes : No
IPVS 64 bit stats : No
fwmark socket support : Yes
Use VRRP Framework : Yes
Use VRRP VMAC : Yes
Use VRRP authentication : Yes
With ip rules/routes : Yes
SNMP keepalived support : No
SNMP checker support : No
SNMP RFCv2 support : No
SNMP RFCv3 support : No
SHA1 support : No
Use Debug flags : No
Stacktrace support : No
Memory alloc check : No
libnl version : None
Use IPv4 devconf : No
Use libiptc : No
Use libipset : No
Build genhash : Yes
Build documentation : No
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# make && make install

5、复制脚本和文件：

5.1 拷贝执行文件
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
5.2 将init.d文件拷贝到etc下,加入开机启动项
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.16]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
5.3 将keepalived文件拷贝到etc下，加入网卡配置
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.16]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
5.4 创建keepalived文件夹
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.16]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
5.5 将keepalived配置文件拷贝到etc下
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.16]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
5.6 复制启动脚本
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.16]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /etc/keepalived/

6、加入开机启动项
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# chkconfig --add keepalived #添加时必须保证/etc/init.d/keepalived存在
7、 启动
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
8、 关闭
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.24]# service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ] > OK，成功！

说明： 安装完 主nginx + Keepalived 后， 同理安装 备nginx + Keepalived 。

二、 Nginx + Keepalived 配置

1. 主 nginx /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置
[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[[email protected] nginx]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user root root;
worker_processes 1;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

upstream web_app {
server 10.219.24.21:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
server 10.219.24.21:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name aa.com;
charset utf8;
location / {
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_pass http://web_app;
proxy_redirect default;
}
}
}

说明： 配置完 主 nginx后 ， 同理 ， 配置 备 nginx

2. 主 nginx 的keepalived 配置
[[email protected] nginx]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
router_id nginx-ha1
}

vrrp_script check_nginx {
# 检查nginx状态的脚本
script "/data/script/check_nginx.sh"
interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 55
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.219.24.100
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}

3. 备 nginx 的 keepalived 配置
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
router_id nginx-ha2
}

vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/data/script/check_nginx.sh"
interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 55
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.219.24.100
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}

补充: 如果开了防火墙，则还需进行防火墙设置，如果没有防火墙设置，则可忽略
# iptables放行组播地址流量:
iptables -I INPUT -d 224.0.0.18 -j ACCEPT
service iptables save

4. 部署nginx状态检查脚本check_nginx.sh

4.1 检查nc是否安装 ， 没有安装nc包 ，要进行 yum -y install nc 安装 ， 不然脚本 check_nginx.sh 中 nc命令用不了。
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q nc
nc-1.84-24.el6.x86_64

4.2 创建脚本目录
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/script/
[[email protected] ~]# touch /data/script/check_nginx.sh
[[email protected] ~]# cat /data/script/check_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
# check nginx server status
# nginx端口，如果有两个端口，只需要设置为 PORTS="80 81",则下面也应改为"$ret1" != 11
PORTS="80"

function check_ports {
for port in $PORTS;do
nc -z 127.0.0.1 $port | grep -q succeeded
[ "${PIPESTATUS[1]}" -eq 0 ] && mark=${mark}1
done
# 如果mark值为空说明端口都不通。
# 如果mark等于1，说明有端口是通的。
echo $mark
}

ret1=$(check_ports)
# 如果nginx端口不通，会尝试重启一次nginx
if [ "$ret1" != 1 ];then
/sbin/service nginx stop
/sbin/service nginx start
sleep 1
ret2=$(check_ports)
# 如果还是有端口不通，表示nginx服务不正常，则停掉keepalived，使VIP发生切换
[ "$ret2" != 1 ] && /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi

5. 给脚本设置可执行权限：
[[email protected] ~]# chmod +x /data/script/check_nginx.sh

说明： 4. 5.操作都在主、备上都操作

补充一点：
如果nginx恢复正常后，keepalived不能自动启动，需要编写一个脚本完成这项工作：判断nginx正常后，拉起keepalived。
脚本放到cron里每分钟执行。

6. 开启keepalived的日志 （keepalived默认的日志位置为 /var/log/messages ，最好我们将它单独放置）
6.1 编辑 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived 将 KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D" 改为 KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -d -S 0"
6.2 编辑 /etc/rsyslog.conf
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/rsyslog.conf (# 配置文件最后面加上下面一行)
local0.* /var/log/keepalived.log
6.3 重启rsyslog：
[[email protected] ~]# service rsyslog restart
说明：按上面配置后，keepalived会把日志记录到/var/log/keepalived.log。

说明： 6. 操作在主、备上都操作

7. 测试
7.1 启动所有的相关服务
7.2 查看 master nginx 上的vip ，查看漂浮的vip要用 ip a l ，直接ifconfig是看不到的。
[[email protected] ~]# ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:79:f4:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.219.24.26/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.219.24.100/32 scope global eth0 ##### VIP #####
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:f402/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7.3 tcpdump 抓包， 发现只有 master ip 10.219.24.26 多播包 ，这也符合 VRRP 工作机制
[[email protected] ~]# tcpdump -n ‘host 224.0.0.18‘
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes
23:07:46.796186 IP 10.219.24.26 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 55, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
23:07:47.796910 IP 10.219.24.26 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 55, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20
23:07:48.798713 IP 10.219.24.26 > 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 55, prio 100, authtype simple, intvl 1s, length 20

7.4 master nginx 中 keepalived 关闭 ， 发现 vip 漂到了 slave nginx 上 , 前端访问未中断
-- master nginx
[[email protected] ~]# service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[[email protected] ~]# ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:79:f4:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.219.24.26/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:f402/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

-- slave nginx
[[email protected] ~]# ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:52:56:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.219.24.23/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.219.24.100/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:5660/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

7.5 再将之前关闭的 keepalived 开启，发现 vip 未漂回来， 正好符合主备为 非抢占式。
[[email protected] ~]# service keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[[email protected] ~]# ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:79:f4:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.219.24.26/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:f402/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

7.6 将 slave nginx 上的 nginx 关闭， 发现 slave nginx 上的 keepalived 进程也被脚本 kill 了，
顺利的完成了 vip 漂回 master nginx 上 ，且 前端访问不受影响。
-- slave nginx
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived
root 4907 2191 0 23:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived

-- master nginx
[[email protected] ~]# ip a l
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:79:f4:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.219.24.26/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.219.24.100/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe79:f402/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever