语法：反意疑问句

Posted 2023-04-09 guosiying

一、反意疑问句

 

反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

 

(表示说话者对某事有一定看法，但又不完全确定，需要对方加以证实。)翻译为“是吗”

 

二、反意疑问句的回答

 

回答时，事实是肯定的用Yes；

若事实是否定的则用No。

 

三、反意疑问句的特殊情况

 

1.反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？

 

You can’t do it, can you?
你不能做它，是吗？
They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
他们开会迟到了，是吗？

 

2.附加问句的主语应与陈述句的主语保持一致，且只能用人称代词替代。

 

You come from Beijing, don\'t you?
你来自北京，是不是?

 

3.当陈述句中含有be动词，助动词，或是情态动词时，反问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成：

 

Be动词包括：am, is, are, was, were

助动词有：do, does, did, have（用在完成时）, has（用在完成时）等

情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should

 

He will go home, won’t he?
他要回家了，是吗？
She doesn’t like to eat popcorn, does she?
她不喜欢吃爆米花，是吗？

 

4.have的不同用法，反义疑问句用不同的动词

 

(1)have 表“有”时，反义疑问句谓语动词用have/do都行

He has a new car, doesn’t/hasn’t he?

 

(2)have表“吃，喝，玩，度过，举办”等是，反义疑问句谓语动词用do

He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he?
They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they?

 

(3)have to表“不得不，必须”时，反义疑问句谓语动词用do

Kite has to help her mother, doesn’t she?

 

(4)had better表“最好”时，反义疑问句谓语动词用had

We had better go to school at once, hadn\'t we?

 

(5)have用在完成时中，反义疑问句谓语动词用have

They have known the matter, haven’t they?

 

 

5.(1)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom，nobody, nothing, no one, none, neither等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。

 

She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn’t she?)
她从不说谎，是吗？
He was seldom late, was he? (不用wasn’t he?)
他几乎不迟到，是吗？
He is hardly able to swim, is he?
There is little milk in your cup, is there?

 

(2)当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，（也就是有un, dis-前缀、less-后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词），当做肯定句处理，其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。

 

It is unfair, isn\'t it? 这不公平，是吧？
He dislikes English, doesn’t he?

 

6.陈述部分为There + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there?形式。

 

There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?
碟子里有两块蛋糕，是吗？

 

7.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？

 

I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
我是个很诚实的人，是吗？

 

8.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。

 

Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?
电脑有问题了，是吗？
Nothing has happened to them, has it?
他们什么事也没发生，是吗？

 

9.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone) none, neither时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。

 

Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
有人已经坐了位置，是吗？
Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they? .
每个人在比赛中已经尽力了，是吗？

 

10.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如：

 

This is a plane, isn\'t it?
这是一架飞机，是吗？
These are grapes，aren\'t they?
这些是葡萄，是吗？

 

11.当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有4种情况：

 

(1)mustn\'t表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must.

You mustn\'t stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？

 

(2)must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用needn\'t.

They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？

 

(3)当must用来表示对现 在的情况进行推测时，问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。

He must be good at English, isn’t he?
他英语一定学得很好，是吗？
She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she?
她一定是位优秀的英语老师，是吗？

 

12.当陈述部分谓语动词是need,且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。若need 为情态动词，疑问部分用need构成。

 

We need to help them, don’t we?
You needn’t go there, need you?

 

13.陈述部分为祈使句

 

(1)若为let’s引导，反问句用shall we?

Let’s go home together, shall we?
让我们一起回家，好吗？

 

(2)若为let us/me引导 和否定祈使句，都用will you？

Let us stop to rest, will you?
让我们停下休息，好吗？
Don’t make any noise, will you?
别弄出噪音，好吗？

 

(3)肯定祈使句则用will you 或won’t you 都行

Do sit down, won’t you? / will you?
请坐，好吗？
You feed the bird today, will you?
今天你喂鸟，是吗？
Please open the window, will you? (won’t you?)
打开窗，好吗？

 

14.陈述部分是主从复合句时，反义疑问句主语常与主句主语一致。

 

She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she?

 

【补充】但主句主语为第一人称I/We,谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, expect等时，反义疑问句主语常与从句主语一致，并注意否定前移。

I think he is a good student, isn’t he?
We don’t think you are right, are you?

疑问代词

本文摘自复旦大学出版社《中学英语语法(高中第二版)》，作者魏孟勋

who(m),whose,what,which 成为疑问代词(Interrogative Pronoun)，用来构成特殊疑问句。

1、who,what
who用于询问姓名、身份或关系，what用于询问职业。例如：
-Who is the girl?
-She is my classmate.

-What is the girl?
-She is a bank clerk.

2、who，which
who所指的对象没有范围限制，可以确定一个或几个，而which只能确定一个。例如：
Who will play the part of Franz in the play?
Which of them will play the part of Franz in the play?他们中谁出演戏中弗朗兹一角？

3、what,which
what指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个。例如：
-What would you like to have supper?
-Meat, beef, fish, chicken and tomatoes.

-We have meat, beef and chicken. Which would you like to have for supper?
-Chicken, I think.

4、whose,whom
whose时who的属格，用于明确所有者，whom是who的宾格，用于明确对象。例如：
-Whose umbrella is this?
-It is mine.

Who(m) did they go to visit that afternoon?
Who(m) did you telephone just now?

在口语中，whom多为who代替。

5、疑问代词与介词的连接作用
疑问代词作间接宾语时，介词一般不能省略。例如：
To whom did he give the message?
For whom did you buy the blue suit?

如果谓语动词为“动词 + 介词”，介词不能提到疑问句句首。例如：
What did they look at?
What good idea did you come up with?

但如果句中介词 + 名词起状语作用，非介词动词的组成部分，那么介词可以位于句末也可以提到句首。例如：
With whom did they go to the park?
Who(m) did they go to the park with?

With what did they cut grass?
What did they cut grass with?

下列表达习惯将介词置于句末：
What is the weather like today?
Who knows what Sally is up to now? 谁知道萨利现在在做什么?
What are you here for?