英语中如何使用标点符号？

Posted 2023-03-21

英语标点符号的基本用法：

一.逗号   

1.用于句子中的内容分隔或修饰词间的停顿

2.用于并列名中连词（and,but,or,for,so,nor,yet）前面

3.用于表达日期时的日与年之间

4.用于反意疑问句之前

二.句号

1.用于一句话完全结束时

2.用于表示单词缩写

三.问号

1.用于一个直接的问句后

2.用于特定的问候语后

四.冒号

1.用于正式的引用之前

五.连字号

1.用于某些前缀后

2.用于构成复合词

3.用于同一词的换行

六.撇号

1.构成名词所有格

2.表动词的紧缩

七.双引号

1.用于引出直接引语

八.感叹号

1.用于表感叹和惊叹的陈述中

扩展资料：

英语标点符号在“实战”中经常出现的错误，主要有以下三种类型：

1.对标点符号认识谈薄，使用起来比较随意。如：用中文句号（。）来结束句子；逗号、句号不分，大写、小写不分，乱点一气；在疑问句后也不加问号，或者在间接引语后使用问号。

误用：He came up and asked me what was the matter?

分析：本句为陈述句，所包含的问问是间接引语，自然应当用句号结尾，且要调整语序。

修改：He came up amd asked me what the matter was.

翻译：他上来问我是怎么回事。

2.对句子结构不太理解。中文句号是根据说话都的语意来使用的，即用于一段表达完整的内容之后；而英文中的句号是根据结构来用的，即每一个语法意义完整的句子后用句号。在习作中这种情况很常见。

误用1：I didn’t go to the party yesterdy.Because I had too much homework to do.

分析：此句中，because引出的句子从语法角度看并不完整，而是从属于前面一句（为原因状语从句），因而两句不能用句号隔开。

修改：I didn’t go to the party yesterday.Because I had too much homework to do.

翻译：我昨天没去参加聚会，因为我有太多的家庭作业要做。

3.中英文标点符号用法混淆。

误用1：Hearing what he said,Jack said to himself：“Should I believe him?”

分析：作为中英文兼有的标点符号，冒号在中文里常用在“说、道、讲、问、唱、回答、喊、吼”等动词的后边，或用于“比如、例如”等后，而这类情况下英文中只需用逗号表示。

修改：Hearing what he said,Jack said to himself,“Should I believe him?”

翻译：杰克听到他说的话，自言自语道：“我应该相信他吗？“

参考技术A 　1.句号 Period [.]
　　用以表示一个句子的结束：
　　Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
　　The federal government is based in Ottawa.
　　用在缩写中：
　　B.C.is the province located on the West Coast.
　　Dr.Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
　　The company is located at 888 Bay St.in Toronto.
　　It is 4:00 p.m.in Halifax right now.
　　2.问号 Question Mark ]
　　在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句：How many provinces are there in Canada?
　　注意：在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号：
　　The teacher asked the class a question.
　　Do not ask me why.
　　3.叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]
　　在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪：
　　We won the Stanley Cup!
　　The forest is on fire!
　　4.逗号 Comma [,]
　　句子中的停顿：Therefore,we should write a letter to the prime minister.
　　在疑问句中引出说话人："I can come today," she said,"but not tomorrow."
　　排列三个或以上的名词：Ontario,Quebec,and B.C.are the three biggest provinces.
　　引出定语从句：Emily Carr,who was born in 1871,was a great painter.
　　5.单引号 Apostrophe [']
　　表示所有:This is David's computer.
　　These are the player's things.(Things that belong to the player)
　　Note:对于复数形式的名词,只加'
　　These are the players' things.(Things that belong to the players)
　　缩写I don't know how to fix it.
　　6.引号Quotation Marks ["]
　　直接引出某人说的话：
　　The prime minister said,"We will win the election."
　　"I can come today," she said,"but not tomorrow."
　　7.冒号Colon [:]
　　引出一系列名词：There are three positions in hockey:goalie,defense,and forward.
　　引出一个较长的引语：The prime minister said:"We will fight.We will not give up.We will win the next election."
　　8.分号Semicolon [;]
　　将两个相关的句子连接起来：The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
　　和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词：The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto,Ontario; Montreal,Quebec; and Vancouver,B.C.
　　9.破折号Dash [-]
　　在一个句子前作总结：Mild,wet,and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
　　在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释：The children - Pierre,Laura,and Ashley - went to the store.Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
　　表示某人在说话过程中被打断：The woman said,"I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.
　　10.连字符Hyphen [-]
　　连接两个单词：sweet-smelling; fire-resistant
　　将前缀：anti-Canadian; non-contact
　　在数字中使用：one-quarter; twenty-three本回答被提问者和网友采纳 参考技术B 和语文差不多，但不用双引号 参考技术C 目前英语中的标点符号主要有这么几种：1）逗号；2）句号；3）问号；4）冒号；5）撇号；6）感叹号；7）双引号；8）连字号。关于如何使用其他答主都有介绍。我可以分享一下标点符号如何翻译？
Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享：
希望对你有用。
必备|标点符号如何翻译？（附使用规则）
比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文：Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”
里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”，英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以，因为斜体有时候看着不整齐，译文中文需要加上书名号，书名第一次出现，需要括号加注原英文名（人名也这样处理）。
还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文：WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history.
里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢：这里考察英语地名从小到大，而且加个逗号，汉语里面是从大到小，不加逗号，比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，可是我今天看了大家提交的译文，基本都这样写的：
WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——：破折号的用法和翻译，这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节，经常用在文章或报道的开头，引出事件发生的背景（地点）。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。
:Colon（冒号）
1．引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语，翻译的时候保持：
The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and bass. /His grades are a follows: English, an A; History. a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C.
2．引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语，翻译的时候保持：
Judges have a double duty；They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty／ He has only one pleasure: eating.
3．引出较长的正式引语或大段引语，翻译的时候是：或者，
In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably theirs.
4．用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后（英国用法中多用逗号），翻译的时候保持：
Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:
5．用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后，翻译的时候保持：
TO. /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:
6．用于时与分之间（英国法中多用句号）、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间，翻译的时候保持：
The train is to leave at 8: 30. /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion 32. /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.
7．分隔书名的标题与副标题，翻译的时候保持：或者破折号
NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard
， Comma（逗号）
1．分隔并列成分
We are tired, hungry and dilate. /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to walk. how to converse politely.
2．分隔并列句中的分句
It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next day. / We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that impossible. /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than none.
3．分隔对比或对照成分
He is sick, not drunk. /The more haste, the less speed.
4．分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语
He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown it. The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the safe. /They want us, you and me, to go there. /I have to get up early, particularly on Sundays.
5．分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句
Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you prefer. the red one or the blue one?
6．分隔直接引语和导语
Only a fool. "Sherman said, " would carry on like that.
7．表示省略相同词语
Some went to the right; others, to the left.
8. 分隔句首状语
Usually, he is dressed in blue jeans. / Except for physics, my courses are not difficult. /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to cry.
9，常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语
Honestly, that's all the money I have. /Personally, I prefer the other one. /Unfortunately, they were out when I called. /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened
1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth
2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;
3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of all. after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, i.e., e. g.
4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;
5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;
6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;
7)yes, no, well, oh
Anyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect us. /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. /This is, however, another side to this problem.
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a fiasco. /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate him. /On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.
It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the exam. /In my opinion, he is right.
Yes, times have changed. /Well, not much can be done about it now. /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!
10．分隔日期、数字、地点
Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. /The cinema is only open to adults, i. e.,people over 18.
June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los Angeles. /The price of this sedan car is $12,300./He lives at 1515 Halsted Street.Chicago, Illinois.
11．分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名
I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?
12．分隔呼语
R W. Leeds, M. D. /George Washington, President/Smith, John W., Jr.
I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a question.
13．用于信件的称呼语之后（美国用法中多用冒号）或结束语之后
Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,
“ ”Quotation Mark（引号)
1．用于直接引语
注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:
1）逗号、句号位于引号内（这是美国用法，英国用法多置于引号外）
2）不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外
3）在引语内再用引语时，可用单引号（这是美国用法，在英国用法中，单引号在外，双引号在内）
4）引语不止一段时，引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处
Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next time. "/"No, you cant, "she wrote. "It's impossible.
on January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever free. "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang meanings.
Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?
The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door closed. " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late.and then heard the door closed.’
Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this dictionary. Many are found on typewriters.
Symbols include the chemical elements... The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this dictionary. "
2．用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等
Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by Keats. /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled Banner. " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”／ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "
3．用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等
Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a ruler. /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a cast. / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak．”／ How do you spell the word＂ eclectic”？
;Semicolon（分号）
一般说来，分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间，即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系，比用句号分开的紧密，但不及用逗号分开的紧密。
1．用于并列分句之间
People make history: unusual people make history interesting. /Your car is new; mine is six years old. /I came, I saw I conquered. /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to rain. /We finally found the gate; however, it had been locked.
2．分隔已有逗号的并列成分，以避免歧义
Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge.
The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, played.
3．用于由 for example， for instance， namely，that is（ to say）， in fact，i．e．，e．g等词语引出的分句之前
Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she sang./Tom is well-liked: in fact. he is the most popular person in the class./He chose to invest in major industries: i. e, steel, automobiles, and oil.
— Dash(破折号)
1.用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面：
It's an environmental issue. — That's not a small matter.
这是个环境保护的问题，这不是一件小事。
2.用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面（相当于一个括号）：
During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would ski.
假期中，我准是疯了，我决定去滑雪。
3.用在一个引用的句子前面（代替一个冒号，或与分号一起用）：
Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you are."
大叔笑着回答道“不用了，不用了，你就呆到那。”
4.表示意思的突然转折：
"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about it."
“我可以问——”小吴说；“不过我想还是你问他的好。”
5.表示迟疑犹豫：
"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken it."
“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”
6.总括前面列举的若干东西：
News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of prosperity.
新房子，扩建的学校，更多的羊、猪、鸡，更多的马和驴，这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。
Italicization斜体字的使用
1．书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称
Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York Times
Milton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s Starry
Night
2．交通工具、航天器等专名
Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger
3．作为例示的词、字母或数字
The word receive is often misspelled. /The b in comb is silent
4，表示强调的词语
She never expected such a welcome. /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t today.
5．表示未归化的外来词语
In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]
6．动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名
The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other animal. /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of Oklahoma.
7．法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名
Madison v. Kingley/the Jones case
8．剧本中的舞台提示
ROBERT: Ah yes, of course. Sit down, sit down, please, Mrs. Ross. [She sits as if this made matters rather worse.]
PHILIP: (Standing guard by her side. )My wife is a little agitated.
取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典