英语基础-语态

Posted 2022-12-30 aiguangyuan

英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态中主语是动作的发出者，被动语态中主语是动作的承受者。

例句：应该建议学生们多做运动以保持健康。

We should advise students to take more exercise to keep fit.

上面的主语we用的不够客观，可以把上面的宾语提前，改成被动语态。

Students should be advised to do more exercise to keep fit.

1. 什么是语态？

I  love  you.   =>我爱你

You  are  loved  by  me.  =>你被我爱着

2. 被动语态的结构

You are loved by  me. 

be + 动词过去分词 + ( by )

3. 被动语态的用法

1. 这个会议被取消了。

The meeting was cancelled by the boss.

2. 食物每天都会供应给大家。

Food is provided for everyone. 

3. 由于他的出色表现，他受到了老师的表扬。

For his splendid performance, he was  prised by his teacher.

4. 主动语态 和 被动语态 的转换

1. 把宾语变成主语；

2. 把谓语动词变成 be+动词过去分词；

3. 主语需要保留的话，就用by连接在后面；

4. 其他不变

I love the beautiful lady very much. => The beautiful lady is loved by me very much.

试试看：用主动和被动翻译

1. 我们必须完成这个任务！

We must finish the job.

The job must be finish by us.

2. 他们2点的时候开始了这个会议。

They commenced the meeting at 2 PM.

The meeting was commenced by them.

3. 我们应该尊敬老人。

We should respect senior citizens.

Senior citizens should be respected by us.

5. 无被动的情况

1. 系动词无被动

I am Li Lei.  

I appear handsome.

2. 表示 “发生” / “爆发” 的动词或词组无被动

发生：happen/occur/take place

爆发：burst out/break out

A car accident happened.

The war broke out.

3. 表示“有”，无被动，如: have/own/possess

I possess a good idea.

4. belong to 表示 “属于”无被动

The good idea belongs to me.

5. 不及物动词无被动

The monster died.

I laugh.

6. 语态练习

6.1. 找出下列句子的谓语

1. English is spoken by many people.

2. The important problems were discussed in the meeting.

3. The plan was successfully carried out.

4. You loving me, I am loved by the whole world.

5. The meeting was concluded by our boss at 2 pm.

6. The holiday villa and the castle were built at the same time.

6.2. 将下列句子改成被动

1. Ming watched TV just now.

The TV was watched by Ming now.

2. An earthquake took place in this area.

本句表示"发生”没有被动.

3. We will take care of this baby.

The baby will be taken care of by us.

4. Hong is mean, and she always laughs at her classmates.

Hong is mean, and classmates always are laughed at by her.

5. We should advise our government to carry out new provisions.

Our government should be advised to carry out new provisions by us.

情态动词后面加动词原形，shoule=>be, will=>be, can=>be

7. 课后作业

7.1. 找出下列句子的谓语并改否定

1. His bicycle was stolen.

His bicycle was not stolen.

2. The house was built in 1950.

The house was not built in 1950.

3. He was awarded first prize in that contest.

He was not awarded first prize in that contest.

4. English is spoken in many countries.

English is not spoken in many countries.

5. Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today.

Mr.Wang is not invited to the meeting today.

6. The apple was eaten by me.

The apple was not eaten by me.

7. This question was discussed at the meeting yesterday.

This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday.

8. A meeting will be held next week.

A meeting will be not held next week.

9. The project will be completed before July.  

The project will be not completed before July.

10. The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.

The Great Wall is not enjoyed by millinos of people all over the world.

7.2. 试着用被动语态翻译出下列句子

1. 我会跑步。

I can run.

主谓结构，没有宾语，没有被动语态。

2. 中文是一门优秀的语言，很多人讲中文。

Chinese proves an excellent language and it is spoken by a lot of people.

3. 老板取消了这个会议。

The conference is cancelled by the boss.

4. 小红昨天打扫了教室。

The classroom was cleaned by Hong yesterday.

5. 因为他很优秀，老师奖励了他一个礼物。

A gift was given to him by his teacher for he is prominent

Because of 名词，Because of is 句子

6. 学生们将在明天完成这个任务。

The task will be accomplished by students tomorrow.