英语语法最终珍藏版笔记-12分词的时态和语态

Posted 2020-06-13

分词的时态和语态

 

下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。

1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或两个动作在时间上有一定的间隔。

例如:

Having written the letter，John went to the post office.

(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.

约翰写完信后，就去邮局了。

Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.

 (=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)

老王在北京住了多年，所以对这个城市很熟悉。

Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.

(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)

小马喝了两杯水，感觉好一些了

一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。

例如:

Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.

(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)

他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。

Coming into the room，he put down his bag.

(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)

他走进房间，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。

(此句如写成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“边刷牙，边下楼’。)

2.现在分词的被动语态(being +过去分词)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如强调现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，可用现在分词被动语态的完成式(having + been +过去分词)。

    例如:

The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座桥将于下月完成。

Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.汤姆回来晚了，所以被关在门外半小时左右才让他进去。

 

Now let‘ s do some exercises:

1、用现在分词或过去分词结构改写下列句子:

Examples;

A student is reading a book over there. He is our monitor.

---The student reading a book over there is our monitor.

I saw him. He was running for the bus.

---I saw him running for the bus.

He sat there. He was watching the men at work

---He sat there watching the men at work.

Tom felt tired. He went to bed at once.

---Feeling tired, Tom went to bed at once.

I had worked for a long time, so I felt very tired.

---Having worked for a long time, I felt very tired.

The plan is about middle school education. It is being discussed.

---The plan being discussed is about middle school education.

1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.

-----The teacher taking a walk on the play ground is our teacher of English.

2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.

-----The birds singing in the trees filled the air with music.

3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.

-----Here is a novel written by Lu Xun.

4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.

-----The language spoken in Australia Is English.

5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.

-----Do you know the number of students coming to the English Evening?

6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.

-----I could hear the boys playing in the field.

7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.

-----He was glad to find the fire burning brightly.

8) I watched them. They were dancing.

-----I watched them dancing.

9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door

-----I saw a man banging at your door.

10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.

-----Tom rushed into the room, covered with snow.

11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.

-----Mary sat on the ground, talking with Jane.

12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.

-----I stood at the gate waiting for his arrival.

13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.

-----Seeing that it was raining John put on his raincoat.

14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.

-----Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.

15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.

-----He ate his dinner using chopsticks.

16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.

-----Going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.

17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.

-----When learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.

18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.

-----Being one of the exploited himself Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.

19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.

-----Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.

20) What is the book? It is being translated.

-----What is the book being translated?

21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.

-----Not knowing his address we could not get in touch with him.

22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.

-----Having been there many times, she knew the place quite well.

23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.

-----Not having got a reply from them, we became quite worried.

24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.

-----Having been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.

25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.

-----Being a League member, he ought to take the lead in such activities. such activities.

 

1. 改正下列句子中的错误(注意分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致)。

Example:

Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.

-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.

-----It being Sunday I shall have quiet day at home.

2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.

-----Entering the house, he closed the door with a bang.

3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.

-----Walking through the park, we saw a lovely show of flower.

4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

-----As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

-----As he had been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.