Hudi学习三:IDEA操作hudi
Posted NC_NE
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Hudi学习三:IDEA操作hudi相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
一、开发说明
承接上一篇使用spark-shell操作Hudi,实际开发中肯定不能只在shell下来操作,Hudi其实提供了Hudi表的概念,而且支持CRUD操作,所以可以使用Spark来操作Hudi API进行读写
二、环境准备
1、创建Maven工程(随意)
2、添加Hudi及Spark相关依赖jar包
<properties>
<scala.version>2.12.10</scala.version>
<scala.binary.version>2.12</scala.binary.version>
<spark.version>3.0.0</spark.version>
<hadoop.version>2.7.3</hadoop.version>
<hudi.version>0.9.0</hudi.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 依赖Scala语言 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
<version>$scala.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spark Core 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
<artifactId>spark-core_$scala.binary.version</artifactId>
<version>$spark.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spark SQL 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
<artifactId>spark-sql_$scala.binary.version</artifactId>
<version>$spark.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hadoop Client 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
<version>$hadoop.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.janino</groupId>
<artifactId>janino</artifactId>
<version>3.0.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hudi-spark3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hudi</groupId>
<artifactId>hudi-spark3-bundle_2.12</artifactId>
<version>$hudi.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
<artifactId>spark-avro_2.12</artifactId>
<version>$spark.version</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
<testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>$project.basedir/src/main/resources</directory>
</resource>
</resources>
<!-- Maven 编译的插件 -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
3、将hadoop的core-site.xml和hdfs-site.xml拷贝到resources
三、代码实现
1、测试案列
1)、测试说明
基于Spark DataSource数据源,模拟产生Trip乘车交易数据,保存到Hudi表(COW类型: Copy on Write),再从Hudi表加载数据分析查询
2)、案列
2、案列一:插入数据到hudi表
使用官方QuickstartUtils提供模拟产生Trip数据,模拟100条交易Trip乘车数据,将其转换为DataFrame数据集,保存至Hudi表中,代码基本与spark-shell命令行一致
1)、代码
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame, SaveMode, SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 14:15
* @Description 官方案例:模拟产生数据,插入Hudi表,表的类型COW
*/
object insertDatasToHudi
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
// 创建sparkSQL的运行环境
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("insertDatasToHudi").setMaster("local[2]")
val spark = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
//引入相关包
import spark.implicits._
import scala.collection.JavaConversions._
// 第1步、模拟乘车数据
import org.apache.hudi.QuickstartUtils._
val generator: DataGenerator = new DataGenerator()
val insertDatas = convertToStringList(generator.generateInserts(100))
val insertDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json(spark.sparkContext.parallelize(insertDatas, 2).toDS())
// insertDF.printSchema()
// insertDF.show(2)
//第2步、将数据插入到hudi表
import org.apache.hudi.DataSourceWriteOptions._
import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig._
insertDF.write
.format("hudi")
.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite)
.option("hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
.option("hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
// Hudi 表的属性值设置
.option(PRECOMBINE_FIELD.key(), "ts")
.option(RECORDKEY_FIELD.key(), "uuid")
.option(PARTITIONPATH_FIELD.key(), "partitionpath")
.option(TBL_NAME.key(), tableName)
.save(tablePath)
//关闭
spark.stop()
2)、执行结果
可以看到数据就写入到tb1_trips_cow表里面去了
2、案列二:查询数据Query
1)、Snapshot快照方式直接查询
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame, SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 14:19
* @Description 快照方式查询(Snapshot Query)数据,采用DSL方式
*/
object queryDataFromHudi
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
// 创建sparkSQL的运行环境
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("queryDataFromHudi").setMaster("local[2]")
val spark = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
import spark.implicits._
val df: DataFrame = spark.read.format("hudi").load(tablePath)
val value = df.filter($"fare" >= 20 && $"fare" <= 50)
.select($"driver", $"rider", $"fare", $"begin_lat", $"begin_lon", $"partitionpath", $"_hoodie_commit_time")
.orderBy($"fare".desc, $"_hoodie_commit_time".desc)
value.show(20,false)
spark.stop()
2)、时间点查询
可以依据时间进行过滤查询,设置属性:"as.of.instant"
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame, SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 17:59
* @Description 通过时间点来查询数据,时间点就是提交的commit时间
*/
object queryDataByTime
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
// 创建sparkSQL的运行环境
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("updateDataToHudi").setMaster("local[2]")
val spark = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
import spark.implicits._
//方式一:指定字符串,格式yyyyMMddHHmmss
val df1: DataFrame = spark.read.format("hudi")
.option("as.of.instant","20220529120442")
.load(tablePath)
.sort($"_hoodie_commit_time".desc)
df1.show(20,false)
//方式二:指定字符串,格式yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
val df2: DataFrame = spark.read.format("hudi")
.option("as.of.instant","2022-05-29 12:04:42")
.load(tablePath)
.sort($"_hoodie_commit_time".desc)
df2.show(20,false)
spark.stop()
3、案例三:更新数据Update
由于官方提供工具类DataGenerator模拟生成更新update数据时,必须要与模拟生成插入insert数据使用同一个DataGenerator对象,
1)、代码编写
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.hudi.QuickstartUtils.DataGenerator
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame, SaveMode, SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 18:19
* @Description updateData,先生成更新数据,再保存至Hudi表
*/
object updateDataToHudi
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
// 创建sparkSQL的运行环境
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("updateDataToHudi").setMaster("local[2]")
val spark = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
import spark.implicits._
import org.apache.hudi.QuickstartUtils._
val dataGen: DataGenerator = new DataGenerator()
import org.apache.hudi.QuickstartUtils._
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
import org.apache.hudi.DataSourceWriteOptions._
import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig._
// 第1步、模拟乘车数据,插入数据到Hudi表
val inserts = convertToStringList(dataGen.generateInserts(150))
val insertDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json(
spark.sparkContext.parallelize(inserts.asScala, 2).toDS()
)
// insertDF.write
// .mode(SaveMode.Overwrite)
// .format("hudi")
// .option("hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
// .option("hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
// // Hudi 表的属性值设置
// .option(PRECOMBINE_FIELD.key(), "ts")
// .option(RECORDKEY_FIELD.key(), "uuid")
// .option(PARTITIONPATH_FIELD.key(), "partitionpath")
// .option(TBL_NAME.key(), tableName)
// .save(tablePath)
val updates = convertToStringList(dataGen.generateUpdates(150))
val updateDF: DataFrame = spark.read.json(
spark.sparkContext.parallelize(updates.asScala, 2).toDS()
)
updateDF.write
.mode(SaveMode.Append)
.format("hudi")
.option("hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
.option("hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
// Hudi 表的属性值设置
.option(PRECOMBINE_FIELD.key(), "ts")
.option(RECORDKEY_FIELD.key(), "uuid")
.option(PARTITIONPATH_FIELD.key(), "partitionpath")
.option(TBL_NAME.key(), tableName)
.save(tablePath)
spark.stop()
2)、执行结果
4、案例四:增量查询Incremental query
1)、增量查询方式
当Hudi中表的类型为:COW时,支持2种方式查询:Snapshot Queries、Incremental Queries;默认情况下查询属于:Snapshot Queries快照查询,通过参数:hoodie.datasource.query.type 可以进行设置
2)、如果是incremental增量查询,需要指定时间戳,当Hudi表中数据满足:instant_time > beginTime时,数据将会被加载读取。此外,可设置某个时间范围:endTime > instant_time > begionTime,获取相应的数据
3)、代码编写
首先从Hudi表加载所有数据,获取其中字段值:_hoodie_commit_time,从中选取一个值,作为增量查询:beginTime开始时间;再次设置属性参数,从Hudi表增量查询数据
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 21:17
* @Description incremental增量查询
*/
object incrementalQueryData
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("incrementalQueryData")
val spark = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
import spark.implicits._
// 第1步、加载Hudi表数据,获取commit time时间,作为增量查询数据阈值
import org.apache.hudi.DataSourceReadOptions._
spark.read
.format("hudi")
.load(tablePath)
.createOrReplaceTempView("view_temp_hudi_trips")
val commits: Array[String] = spark
.sql(
"""
|select
| distinct(_hoodie_commit_time) as commitTime
|from
| view_temp_hudi_trips
|order by
| commitTime DESC
|""".stripMargin
)
.map(row => row.getString(0))
.take(50)
val beginTime = commits(commits.length - 1) // commit time we are interested in
println(s"beginTime = $beginTime")
// 第2步、设置Hudi数据CommitTime时间阈值,进行增量数据查询
val tripsIncrementalDF = spark.read
.format("hudi")
// 设置查询数据模式为:incremental,增量读取
.option(QUERY_TYPE.key(), QUERY_TYPE_INCREMENTAL_OPT_VAL)
// 设置增量读取数据时开始时间
.option(BEGIN_INSTANTTIME.key(), beginTime)
.load(tablePath)
// 第3步、将增量查询数据注册为临时视图,查询费用大于20数据
tripsIncrementalDF.createOrReplaceTempView("hudi_trips_incremental")
spark
.sql(
"""
|select
| `_hoodie_commit_time`, fare, begin_lon, begin_lat, ts
|from
| hudi_trips_incremental
|where
| fare > 20.0
|""".stripMargin
)
.show(10, truncate = false)
spark.stop()
4)、增量查询数据结果
5、案例五:删除数据Delete
使用DataGenerator数据生成器,基于已有数据构建要删除的数据,最终保存到Hudi表中,需要设置属性参数:hoodie.datasource.write.operation 值为:delete
1)、代码编写
先从Hudi表获取50条数据,然后构建出数据格式,最后保存到Hudi表
package com.ouyangl.hudi.spark.start
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame, SaveMode, SparkSession
/**
* @author oyl
* @create 2022-05-29 21:25
* @Description 删除Hudi数据
*/
object deleteDataFromHudi
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit =
val conf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[*]").setAppName("deleteDataFromHudi")
val spark: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf)
// 设置序列化方式:Kryo
.config("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer")
.getOrCreate()
//定义变量:表名,数据存储路径
val tableName : String = "tb1_trips_cow"
val tablePath : String = "/datas/hudi-warehouse/tb1_trips_cow"
import spark.implicits._
// 第1步、加载Hudi表数据,获取条目数
val tripsDF: DataFrame = spark.read.format("hudi").load(tablePath)
println(s"Raw Count = $tripsDF.count()")
// 第2步、模拟要删除的数据,从Hudi中加载数据,获取几条数据,转换为要删除数据集合
val dataframe = tripsDF.limit(50).select($"uuid", $"partitionpath")
import org.apache.hudi.QuickstartUtils._
val dataGenerator = new DataGenerator()
val deletes = dataGenerator.generateDeletes(dataframe.collectAsList())
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
val deleteDF = spark.read.json(spark.sparkContext.parallelize(deletes.asScala, 2))
// 第3步、保存数据到Hudi表中,设置操作类型:DELETE
import org.apache.hudi.DataSourceWriteOptions._
import org.apache.hudi.config.HoodieWriteConfig._
deleteDF.write
.mode(SaveMode.Append)
.format("hudi")
.option("hoodie.insert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
.option("hoodie.upsert.shuffle.parallelism", "2")
// 设置数据操作类型为delete,默认值为upsert
.option(OPERATION.key(), "delete")
.option(PRECOMBINE_FIELD.key(), "ts")
.option(RECORDKEY_FIELD.key(), "uuid")
.option(PARTITIONPATH_FIELD.key(), "partitionpath")
.option(TBL_NAME.key(), tableName)
.save(tablePath)
// 第4步、再次加载Hudi表数据,统计条目数,查看是否减少50条数据
val hudiDF: DataFrame = spark.read.format("hudi").load(tablePath)
println(s"Delete After Count = $hudiDF.count()")
spark.stop()
2)、执行结果,50条数据被删除了
开发者涨薪指南 48位大咖的思考法则、工作方式、逻辑体系以上是关于Hudi学习三:IDEA操作hudi的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
Flink 实战系列Flink SQL 实时同步 Kafka 数据到 Hudi(parquet + snappy)并且自动同步数据到 Hive