cublasGemmEx 结果始终为零

Posted 2023-03-23

【中文标题】cublasGemmEx 结果始终为零

【英文标题】：cublasGemmEx result is always zero

【发布时间】：2021-02-28 09:08:00

【问题描述】：

我尝试使用 cublasGemmEx 进行矩阵乘法。 A 和 b 是 1X1 半矩阵。如果我将计算类型和输出日期类型设置为 CUDA_R_16F，则结果始终为零。如果我将计算类型和输出日期类型设置为 CUDA_R_32F，结果是正确的。

有谁知道如果我将类型设置为 CUDA_R_16F，为什么结果为零？提前感谢您的回答。

我的cuda版本是10.2，gpu是T4。 我使用命令'nvcc -arch=sm_75 test_cublas.cu -o test_cublas -lcublas'构建下面的代码

#include "cublas_v2.h"
#include "library_types.h"
#include <stdio.h>

__global__ void init_kernel(half *a, half *b, half *c_half, float *c_float)

    *a = __float2half_rn(1.0);
    *b = __float2half_rn(1.5);
    *c_half = __float2half_rn(0.0);
    *c_float = 0.0;


__global__ void print_gpu_values(half *a, half *b, half *c_half, float *c_float)

    printf("a %f, b %f, c_half %f, c_float %f\n", __half2float(*a), __half2float(*b), __half2float(*c_half), *c_float);


int main(int argc, char **argv)

    cudaStream_t cudaStream;
    if (cudaSuccess != cudaStreamCreateWithFlags(&cudaStream, cudaStreamNonBlocking))
    
        printf("create cuda stream failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    cublasHandle_t handle;
    cublasCreate(&handle);
    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasSetStream(handle, cudaStream))
    
        printf("cublas set stream failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    half *a;
    half *b;
    half *c_half;
    float *c_float;
    cudaMalloc(&a, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&b, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&c_half, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&c_float,sizeof(float));
    float alpha = 1.0;
    float beta = 1.0;

    init_kernel<<<1, 1, 0, cudaStream>>>(a, b, c_half, c_float);

    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasGemmEx(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N, 1, 1, 1,
        &alpha, b, CUDA_R_16F, 1, a, CUDA_R_16F, 1, &beta, c_half, CUDA_R_16F, 1, CUDA_R_16F, CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP))
    
        printf("cublasGemmEx failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasGemmEx(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N, 1, 1, 1,
        &alpha, b, CUDA_R_16F, 1, a, CUDA_R_16F, 1, &beta, c_float, CUDA_R_32F, 1, CUDA_R_32F, CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP))
    
        printf("cublasGemmEx failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    print_gpu_values<<<1, 1, 0, cudaStream>>>(a, b, c_half, c_float);
    cudaStreamSynchronize(cudaStream);

    return 0;

【参考方案1】：

根据documentation for cublasGemmEx，专门针对alpha和beta参数，都说：

与 computeType 类型相同

但是您的代码不满足该要求。对于（工作）CUDA_R_32F 情况，float 类型的 alpha 和 beta 参数匹配。对于（非工作）CUDA_R_16F 情况，它们不匹配。

当我使用该更改修改您的代码时，我在 CUDA 11.0 上得到了正确的结果：

# cat t3.cu
#include "cublas_v2.h"
#include "library_types.h"
#include <stdio.h>

__global__ void init_kernel(half *a, half *b, half *c_half, float *c_float)

    *a = __float2half_rn(1.0);
    *b = __float2half_rn(1.5);
    *c_half = __float2half_rn(0.0);
    *c_float = 0.0;


__global__ void print_gpu_values(half *a, half *b, half *c_half, float *c_float)

    printf("a %f, b %f, c_half %f, c_float %f\n", __half2float(*a), __half2float(*b), __half2float(*c_half), *c_float);


int main(int argc, char **argv)

    cudaStream_t cudaStream;
    if (cudaSuccess != cudaStreamCreateWithFlags(&cudaStream, cudaStreamNonBlocking))
    
        printf("create cuda stream failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    cublasHandle_t handle;
    cublasCreate(&handle);
    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasSetStream(handle, cudaStream))
    
        printf("cublas set stream failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    half *a;
    half *b;
    half *c_half;
    float *c_float;
    cudaMalloc(&a, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&b, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&c_half, sizeof(half));
    cudaMalloc(&c_float,sizeof(float));
    float alpha = 1.0;
    float beta = 1.0;
    half halpha = __float2half_rn(alpha);
    half hbeta =  __float2half_rn(beta);

    init_kernel<<<1, 1, 0, cudaStream>>>(a, b, c_half, c_float);

    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasGemmEx(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N, 1, 1, 1,
        &halpha, b, CUDA_R_16F, 1, a, CUDA_R_16F, 1, &hbeta, c_half, CUDA_R_16F, 1, CUDA_R_16F, CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP))
    
        printf("cublasGemmEx failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    if (CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS != cublasGemmEx(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, CUBLAS_OP_N, 1, 1, 1,
        &alpha, b, CUDA_R_16F, 1, a, CUDA_R_16F, 1, &beta, c_float, CUDA_R_32F, 1, CUDA_R_32F, CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP))
    
        printf("cublasGemmEx failed\n");
        exit(-1);
    

    print_gpu_values<<<1, 1, 0, cudaStream>>>(a, b, c_half, c_float);
    cudaStreamSynchronize(cudaStream);

    return 0;


# nvcc t3.cu -o t3 -lcublas
# cuda-memcheck ./t3
========= CUDA-MEMCHECK
a 1.000000, b 1.500000, c_half 1.500000, c_float 1.500000
========= ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors
# nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Jul_22_19:09:09_PDT_2020
Cuda compilation tools, release 11.0, V11.0.221
Build cuda_11.0_bu.TC445_37.28845127_0
#

【讨论】：

谢谢，它有效！我没有仔细阅读文档。