需要建议在 mongodb 中使用 mongoose 设计数据库

Posted 2023-03-10

【中文标题】需要建议在 mongodb 中使用 mongoose 设计数据库

【英文标题】：Need advice to design database in mongodb with mongoose

【发布时间】：2020-04-22 06:11:12

【问题描述】：

我有 2 个集合：Hospital 和 Patient。 这个月病人在A医院检查，下个月这个病人在B医院检查。那么在更新病人信息的时候，如何保存病人已经在A医院检查的病历呢？请给我一个建议？谢谢

【问题讨论】：

将其另存为单独的集合，称为咨询。有两个不同时间戳的两次访问的单独记录。

【参考方案1】：

为此，您需要有一个单独的检查集合。 （它就像关系数据库中的中间（关联）表。）

解决此问题的一种方法是使用virtual populate。 使用虚拟填充，我们不需要保留对考试的引用，这将在添加、更新或删除考试时简化事情。 因为只有考试集合需要更新。

耐心.js

const mongoose = require("mongoose");

const patientSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  
    name: String
  ,
  
    toJSON:  virtuals: true 
  
);

// Virtual populate
patientSchema.virtual("examinations", 
  ref: "Examination",
  foreignField: "patientId",
  localField: "_id"
);

module.exports = mongoose.model("Patient", patientSchema);

医院.js

const mongoose = require("mongoose");

const hospitalSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  
    name: String
  ,
  
    toJSON:  virtuals: true 
  
);

// Virtual populate
hospitalSchema.virtual("examinations", 
  ref: "Examination",
  foreignField: "hospitalId",
  localField: "_id"
);

module.exports = mongoose.model("Hospital", hospitalSchema);

examination.js

const mongoose = require("mongoose");

const examinationSchema = new mongoose.Schema(
  when: 
    type: Date,
    default: Date.now()
  ,
  patientId: 
    type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
    ref: "Patient"
  ,
  hospitalId: 
    type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
    ref: "Hospital"
  
);

module.exports = mongoose.model("Examination", examinationSchema);

如您所见，我们的患者和医院架构非常简洁，没有任何检查参考。

让我们有这些现有的病人。

    "_id" : ObjectId("5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064"),
    "name" : "Patient 1",
    "__v" : NumberInt(0)
,

    "_id" : ObjectId("5e0f86dbea3eb831a4845065"),
    "name" : "Patient 2",
    "__v" : NumberInt(0)

让我们拥有这些现有的医院。

    "_id" : ObjectId("5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066"),
    "name" : "Hospital 1",
    "__v" : NumberInt(0)
,

    "_id" : ObjectId("5e0f8705ea3eb831a4845067"),
    "name" : "Hospital 2",
    "__v" : NumberInt(0)

让我们进行这些现有的检查。

/* Patient 1 - Hospital 1 */

    "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
    "_id": "5e0f878346e50d41d846d482",
    "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
    "hospitalId": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
    "__v": 0
,
/* Patient 1 - Hospital 1 */

    "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
    "_id": "5e0f87a646e50d41d846d483",
    "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
    "hospitalId": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
    "__v": 0
,
/* Patient 1 - Hospital 2*/

    "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
    "_id": "5e0f87c446e50d41d846d484",
    "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
    "hospitalId": "5e0f8705ea3eb831a4845067",
    "__v": 0
,
/* Patient 2 - Hospital 1 */

    "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
    "_id": "5e0f87e046e50d41d846d485",
    "patientId": "5e0f86dbea3eb831a4845065",
    "hospitalId": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
    "__v": 0

现在，如果我们想获取患者的信息和他/她的检查，我们可以使用以下代码：

app.get("/patients/:id", async (req, res) => 
  const result = await Patient.findById(req.params.id).populate("examinations");
  res.send(result);
);

结果会是这样的：

    "_id": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
    "name": "Patient 1",
    "__v": 0,
    "examinations": [
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f878346e50d41d846d482",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
            "__v": 0
        ,
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f87a646e50d41d846d483",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
            "__v": 0
        ,
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f87c446e50d41d846d484",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": "5e0f8705ea3eb831a4845067",
            "__v": 0
        
    ],
    "id": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064"

我们甚至可以像这样使用内部填充来填充医院：

app.get("/patients/:id", async (req, res) => 
  const result = await Patient.findById(req.params.id).populate(
    path: "examinations",
    populate: 
      path: "hospitalId"
    
  );

  res.send(result);
);

结果将包含医院信息：

    "_id": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
    "name": "Patient 1",
    "__v": 0,
    "examinations": [
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f878346e50d41d846d482",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": 
                "_id": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
                "name": "Hospital 1",
                "__v": 0,
                "id": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066"
            ,
            "__v": 0
        ,
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f87a646e50d41d846d483",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": 
                "_id": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066",
                "name": "Hospital 1",
                "__v": 0,
                "id": "5e0f86feea3eb831a4845066"
            ,
            "__v": 0
        ,
        
            "when": "2020-01-03T18:27:12.997Z",
            "_id": "5e0f87c446e50d41d846d484",
            "patientId": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064",
            "hospitalId": 
                "_id": "5e0f8705ea3eb831a4845067",
                "name": "Hospital 2",
                "__v": 0,
                "id": "5e0f8705ea3eb831a4845067"
            ,
            "__v": 0
        
    ],
    "id": "5e0f86d0ea3eb831a4845064"

现在有了这些知识，您可以自己从医院方面实施检索操作。

【讨论】：

非常感谢。你拯救了我的一天。太好了

@cauchuyennhocuatoi 欢迎您。您可以标记为答案并投票吗？ ***.com/help/someone-answers

亲爱的@SuleymanSah：抱歉因为周末回复晚了，我已经标记了你的答案，非常感谢

【参考方案2】：

Mongodb 不允许像基于 sql 的数据库这样的特定连接。我建议根据需要创建您的医院集合模式（很可能只是基本类型，如字符串和数字），然后存储带有日期和位置的访问或检查列表作为患者模式的一部分（请参阅：https://mongoosejs.com/docs/schematypes.html#arrays） .虽然您无法在数据库级别强制要求检查地点是一家有效的医院，但您当然可以在代码中强制执行。