预训练的 GloVe 矢量文件（例如 glove.6B.50d.txt）中的“unk”是啥？
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【中文标题】预训练的 GloVe 矢量文件（例如 glove.6B.50d.txt）中的“unk”是啥？【英文标题】：What is "unk" in the pretrained GloVe vector files (e.g. glove.6B.50d.txt)?预训练的 GloVe 矢量文件（例如 glove.6B.50d.txt）中的“unk”是什么？ 【发布时间】：2018-08-20 18:01:47 【问题描述】：我在from https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/ 下载的手套矢量文件 glove.6B.50d.txt 中找到了“unk”标记。其值如下：
unk -0.79149 0.86617 0.11998 0.00092287 0.2776 -0.49185 0.50195 0.00060792 -0.25845 0.17865 0.2535 0.76572 0.50664 0.4025 -0.0021388 -0.28397 -0.50324 0.30449 0.51779 0.01509 -0.35031 -1.1278 0.33253 -0.3525 0.041326 1.0863 0.03391 0.33564 0.49745 -0.070131 -1.2192 -0.48512 -0.038512 -0.13554 -0.1638 0.52321 -0.31318 -0.1655 0.11909 -0.15115 -0.15621 -0.62655 -0.62336 -0.4215 0.41873 -0.92472 1.1049 -0.29996 -0.0063003 0.3954
它是用于未知单词的标记还是某种缩写？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：预训练的 GloVe 文件中的 unk 令牌不是未知令牌！
见google groups thread Jeffrey Pennington（GloVe 的作者）写道：
预训练的向量没有未知标记，目前代码在生成共现计数时只是忽略了词汇表外的单词。
这是在语料库中出现“unk”时学习到的任何其他嵌入（这似乎偶尔会发生！）
相反，Pennington 建议（在同一篇文章中）：
...我发现只取所有或部分词向量的平均值就可以生成一个很好的未知向量。
您可以使用以下代码执行此操作（应该适用于任何预训练的 GloVe 文件）：
import numpy as np
GLOVE_FILE = 'glove.6B.50d.txt'
# Get number of vectors and hidden dim
with open(GLOVE_FILE, 'r') as f:
for i, line in enumerate(f):
pass
n_vec = i + 1
hidden_dim = len(line.split(' ')) - 1
vecs = np.zeros((n_vec, hidden_dim), dtype=np.float32)
with open(GLOVE_FILE, 'r') as f:
for i, line in enumerate(f):
vecs[i] = np.array([float(n) for n in line.split(' ')[1:]], dtype=np.float32)
average_vec = np.mean(vecs, axis=0)
print(average_vec)
对于glove.6B.50d.txt，这给出：
[-0.12920076 -0.28866628 -0.01224866 -0.05676644 -0.20210965 -0.08389011
0.33359843 0.16045167 0.03867431 0.17833012 0.04696583 -0.00285802
0.29099807 0.04613704 -0.20923874 -0.06613114 -0.06822549 0.07665912
0.3134014 0.17848536 -0.1225775 -0.09916984 -0.07495987 0.06413227
0.14441176 0.60894334 0.17463093 0.05335403 -0.01273871 0.03474107
-0.8123879 -0.04688699 0.20193407 0.2031118 -0.03935686 0.06967544
-0.01553638 -0.03405238 -0.06528071 0.12250231 0.13991883 -0.17446303
-0.08011883 0.0849521 -0.01041659 -0.13705009 0.20127155 0.10069408
0.00653003 0.01685157]
由于使用较大的手套文件执行此操作需要大量计算，因此我继续为您计算 glove.840B.300d.txt 的向量：
0.22418134 -0.28881392 0.13854356 0.00365387 -0.12870757 0.10243822 0.061626635 0.07318011 -0.061350107 -1.3477012 0.42037755 -0.063593924 -0.09683349 0.18086134 0.23704372 0.014126852 0.170096 -1.1491593 0.31497982 0.06622181 0.024687296 0.076693475 0.13851812 0.021302193 -0.06640582 -0.010336159 0.13523154 -0.042144544 -0.11938788 0.006948221 0.13333307 -0.18276379 0.052385733 0.008943111 -0.23957317 0.08500333 -0.006894406 0.0015864656 0.063391194 0.19177166 -0.13113557 -0.11295479 -0.14276934 0.03413971 -0.034278486 -0.051366422 0.18891625 -0.16673574 -0.057783455 0.036823478 0.08078679 0.022949161 0.033298038 0.011784158 0.05643189 -0.042776518 0.011959623 0.011552498 -0.0007971594 0.11300405 -0.031369694 -0.0061559738 -0.009043574 -0.415336 -0.18870236 0.13708843 0.005911723 -0.113035575 -0.030096142 -0.23908928 -0.05354085 -0.044904727 -0.20228513 0.0065645403 -0.09578946 -0.07391877 -0.06487607 0.111740574 -0.048649278 -0.16565254 -0.052037314 -0.078968436 0.13684988 0.0757494 -0.006275573 0.28693774 0.52017444 -0.0877165 -0.33010918 -0.1359622 0.114895485 -0.09744406 0.06269521 0.12118575 -0.08026362 0.35256687 -0.060017522 -0.04889904 -0.06828978 0.088740796 0.003964443 -0.0766291 0.1263925 0.07809314 -0.023164088 -0.5680669 -0.037892066 -0.1350967 -0.11351585 -0.111434504 -0.0905027 0.25174105 -0.14841858 0.034635577 -0.07334565 0.06320108 -0.038343467 -0.05413284 0.042197507 -0.090380974 -0.070528865 -0.009174437 0.009069661 0.1405178 0.02958134 -0.036431845 -0.08625681 0.042951006 0.08230793 0.0903314 -0.12279937 -0.013899368 0.048119213 0.08678239 -0.14450377 -0.04424887 0.018319942 0.015026873 -0.100526 0.06021201 0.74059093 -0.0016333034 -0.24960588 -0.023739101 0.016396184 0.11928964 0.13950661 -0.031624354 -0.01645025 0.14079992 -0.0002824564 -0.08052984 -0.0021310581 -0.025350995 0.086938225 0.14308536 0.17146006 -0.13943303 0.048792403 0.09274929 -0.053167373 0.031103406 0.012354865 0.21057427 0.32618305 0.18015954 -0.15881181 0.15322933 -0.22558987 -0.04200665 0.0084689725 0.038156632 0.15188617 0.13274793 0.113756925 -0.095273495 -0.049490947 -0.10265804 -0.27064866 -0.034567792 -0.018810693 -0.0010360252 0.10340131 0.13883452 0.21131058 -0.01981019 0.1833468 -0.10751636 -0.03128868 0.02518242 0.23232952 0.042052146 0.11731903 -0.15506615 0.0063580726 -0.15429358 0.1511722 0.12745973 0.2576985 -0.25486213 -0.0709463 0.17983761 0.054027 -0.09884228 -0.24595179 -0.093028545 -0.028203879 0.094398156 0.09233813 0.029291354 0.13110267 0.15682974 -0.016919162 0.23927948 -0.1343307 -0.22422817 0.14634751 -0.064993896 0.4703685 -0.027190214 0.06224946 -0.091360025 0.21490277 -0.19562101 -0.10032754 -0.09056772 -0.06203493 -0.18876675 -0.10963594 -0.27734384 0.12616494 -0.02217992 -0.16058226 -0.080475815 0.026953284 0.110732645 0.014894041 0.09416802 0.14299914 -0.1594008 -0.066080004 -0.007995227 -0.11668856 -0.13081996 -0.09237365 0.14741232 0.09180138 0.081735 0.3211204 -0.0036552632 -0.047030564 -0.02311798 0.048961394 0.08669574 -0.06766279 -0.50028914 -0.048515294 0.14144728 -0.032994404 -0.11954345 -0.14929578 -0.2388355 -0.019883996 -0.15917352 -0.052084364 0.2801028 -0.0029121689 -0.054581646 -0.47385484 0.17112483 -0.12066923 -0.042173345 0.1395337 0.26115036 0.012869649 0.009291686 -0.0026459037 -0.075331464 0.017840583 -0.26869613 -0.21820338 -0.17084768 -0.1022808 -0.055290595 0.13513643 0.12362477 -0.10980586 0.13980341 -0.20233242 0.08813751 0.3849736 -0.10653763 -0.06199595 0.028849555 0.03230154 0.023856193 0.069950655 0.19310954 -0.077677034 -0.144811
【讨论】：
这是作者的有趣指导，但它似乎也忽略了给定语料库中单词的相对频率。也就是说，这里是质心，而不是重心，更深一点。您是否同意我的评估，如果同意，您可能会推荐哪些替代方案？例如，为什么不简单地使用原点？【参考方案2】：由于无法发表评论，写另一个答案。
如果有人在使用@jayelm 给出的上述向量时遇到问题，因为复制粘贴不起作用。我正在编写 2 行代码，它们将为您提供准备好在 python 中使用的向量。
vec_string = '0.22418134 -0.28881392 0.13854356 0.00365387 -0.12870757 0.10243822 0.061626635 0.07318011 -0.061350107 -1.3477012 0.42037755 -0.063593924 -0.09683349 0.18086134 0.23704372 0.014126852 0.170096 -1.1491593 0.31497982 0.06622181 0.024687296 0.076693475 0.13851812 0.021302193 -0.06640582 -0.010336159 0.13523154 -0.042144544 -0.11938788 0.006948221 0.13333307 -0.18276379 0.052385733 0.008943111 -0.23957317 0.08500333 -0.006894406 0.0015864656 0.063391194 0.19177166 -0.13113557 -0.11295479 -0.14276934 0.03413971 -0.034278486 -0.051366422 0.18891625 -0.16673574 -0.057783455 0.036823478 0.08078679 0.022949161 0.033298038 0.011784158 0.05643189 -0.042776518 0.011959623 0.011552498 -0.0007971594 0.11300405 -0.031369694 -0.0061559738 -0.009043574 -0.415336 -0.18870236 0.13708843 0.005911723 -0.113035575 -0.030096142 -0.23908928 -0.05354085 -0.044904727 -0.20228513 0.0065645403 -0.09578946 -0.07391877 -0.06487607 0.111740574 -0.048649278 -0.16565254 -0.052037314 -0.078968436 0.13684988 0.0757494 -0.006275573 0.28693774 0.52017444 -0.0877165 -0.33010918 -0.1359622 0.114895485 -0.09744406 0.06269521 0.12118575 -0.08026362 0.35256687 -0.060017522 -0.04889904 -0.06828978 0.088740796 0.003964443 -0.0766291 0.1263925 0.07809314 -0.023164088 -0.5680669 -0.037892066 -0.1350967 -0.11351585 -0.111434504 -0.0905027 0.25174105 -0.14841858 0.034635577 -0.07334565 0.06320108 -0.038343467 -0.05413284 0.042197507 -0.090380974 -0.070528865 -0.009174437 0.009069661 0.1405178 0.02958134 -0.036431845 -0.08625681 0.042951006 0.08230793 0.0903314 -0.12279937 -0.013899368 0.048119213 0.08678239 -0.14450377 -0.04424887 0.018319942 0.015026873 -0.100526 0.06021201 0.74059093 -0.0016333034 -0.24960588 -0.023739101 0.016396184 0.11928964 0.13950661 -0.031624354 -0.01645025 0.14079992 -0.0002824564 -0.08052984 -0.0021310581 -0.025350995 0.086938225 0.14308536 0.17146006 -0.13943303 0.048792403 0.09274929 -0.053167373 0.031103406 0.012354865 0.21057427 0.32618305 0.18015954 -0.15881181 0.15322933 -0.22558987 -0.04200665 0.0084689725 0.038156632 0.15188617 0.13274793 0.113756925 -0.095273495 -0.049490947 -0.10265804 -0.27064866 -0.034567792 -0.018810693 -0.0010360252 0.10340131 0.13883452 0.21131058 -0.01981019 0.1833468 -0.10751636 -0.03128868 0.02518242 0.23232952 0.042052146 0.11731903 -0.15506615 0.0063580726 -0.15429358 0.1511722 0.12745973 0.2576985 -0.25486213 -0.0709463 0.17983761 0.054027 -0.09884228 -0.24595179 -0.093028545 -0.028203879 0.094398156 0.09233813 0.029291354 0.13110267 0.15682974 -0.016919162 0.23927948 -0.1343307 -0.22422817 0.14634751 -0.064993896 0.4703685 -0.027190214 0.06224946 -0.091360025 0.21490277 -0.19562101 -0.10032754 -0.09056772 -0.06203493 -0.18876675 -0.10963594 -0.27734384 0.12616494 -0.02217992 -0.16058226 -0.080475815 0.026953284 0.110732645 0.014894041 0.09416802 0.14299914 -0.1594008 -0.066080004 -0.007995227 -0.11668856 -0.13081996 -0.09237365 0.14741232 0.09180138 0.081735 0.3211204 -0.0036552632 -0.047030564 -0.02311798 0.048961394 0.08669574 -0.06766279 -0.50028914 -0.048515294 0.14144728 -0.032994404 -0.11954345 -0.14929578 -0.2388355 -0.019883996 -0.15917352 -0.052084364 0.2801028 -0.0029121689 -0.054581646 -0.47385484 0.17112483 -0.12066923 -0.042173345 0.1395337 0.26115036 0.012869649 0.009291686 -0.0026459037 -0.075331464 0.017840583 -0.26869613 -0.21820338 -0.17084768 -0.1022808 -0.055290595 0.13513643 0.12362477 -0.10980586 0.13980341 -0.20233242 0.08813751 0.3849736 -0.10653763 -0.06199595 0.028849555 0.03230154 0.023856193 0.069950655 0.19310954 -0.077677034 -0.144811'
import numpy as np
average_glove_vector = np.array(vec_string.split(" "))
print(average_glove_vector)
【讨论】：
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