不同的 IDE 产生 0 个错误与 28 个错误
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【中文标题】不同的 IDE 产生 0 个错误与 28 个错误【英文标题】：Different IDEs generating 0 errors vs 28 errors 【发布时间】：2016-07-14 13:47:09 【问题描述】：我正在尝试从 Eclipse 转到 Visual Studio，因为有人告诉我，新手到中级更容易，我从最初的印象中同意。我正在尝试使用类重建经典的井字游戏构建，就像测试文件一样，以感受 IDE，我在 Visual Studio 中收到 28 个错误和 1 个警告，而在 Eclipse 中没有错误和 1 个警告...代码是完全相同的。我完全糊涂了。
需要明确的是，它在 Eclipse 中编译和运行，同时在 Visual Studio 中收到 28 个错误。
为什么会这样？
代码如下
错误列表
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error C2065 'moveCounter': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 167
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 10
Error C4430 missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 11
Error C2550 'TicTacToe': constructor initializer lists are only allowed on constructor definitions TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 13
Warning C4508 'TicTacToe': function should return a value; 'void' return type assumed TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 14
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 16
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 24
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 29
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 34
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 38
Error C3861 'getPlayerMove': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 48
Error C3861 'checkForWin': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 50
Error C3861 'checkForTie': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 56
Error C3861 'togglePlayer': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 63
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 70
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 98
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 100
Error C2065 'moveCounter': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 105
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 116
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 124
Error C2065 'moveCounter': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 128
Error C3861 'checkLineForWin': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 138
Error C3861 'checkLineForWin': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 146
Error C3861 'checkLineForWin': identifier not found TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 151
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 157
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 159
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 160
Error C2065 'squareArray': undeclared identifier TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 161
Error C2653 'TicTacToe': is not a class or namespace name TicTacToeWithClasses c:\users\tamend\documents\visual studio 2015\projects\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoewithclasses\tictactoeclassimp.cpp 164
主要
// TicTacToeWithClasses.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "TicTacToe.h"
bool getUserWantToPlay();
int main()
while (getUserWantToPlay())
TicTacToe game;
game.playGame();
return(0);
bool getUserWantToPlay()
//Assumes no play until response received
char response;
bool invalidResponse = true;
bool play = false;
while (invalidResponse)
std::cout << "Would you like to play a new game of TicTacToe? (y/n) " << std::endl;
std::cin >> response;
if (response == 'y')
invalidResponse = false;
play = true;
else if (response == 'n')
std::cout << "No Problem!" << std::endl;
invalidResponse = false;
else
std::cout << "Please input a proper response (y/n) " << std::endl;
return play;
标题
#ifndef TICTACTOE_H_
#define TICTACTOE_H_
class TicTacToe
public:
TicTacToe();
void playGame();
private:
void drawBoard();
void getPlayerMove(char player);
char togglePlayer(char player);
bool checkForWin(char player);
bool checkLineForWin(int square1, int square2, int square3, char player);
bool checkForTie();
char squareArray[9];
int moveCounter;
;
#endif
类实现
//TicTacToe class implementation
#include "TicTacToe.h"
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
static const int MinMovesNeededToWin = 5;
static const int MaxMovesInGame = 9;
TicTacToe::TicTacToe()
: squareArray '1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9' ,
moveCounter(0)
void TicTacToe::drawBoard()
//Draws the game board with updated characters for each player
std::cout << "Player 1 (X) - Player 2 (O)" << std::endl << std::endl << std::endl;
std::cout << " | |" << std::endl;
std::cout << " " << squareArray[0] << " | " << squareArray[1] << " | " << squareArray[2] << std::endl;
std::cout << "____|_____|____" << std::endl;
std::cout << " | | " << std::endl;
std::cout << " " << squareArray[3] << " | " << squareArray[4] << " | " << squareArray[5] << std::endl;
std::cout << "____|_____|____" << std::endl;
std::cout << " | | " << std::endl;
std::cout << " " << squareArray[6] << " | " << squareArray[7] << " | " << squareArray[8] << std::endl;
void TicTacToe::playGame()
char player = 'X';
bool gameOver = false;
do
drawBoard();
getPlayerMove(player);
if (checkForWin(player))
std::cout << std::endl << "Congratulations player " << player << "! You win!" << std::endl;
gameOver = true;
else if (checkForTie())
std::cout << "Tie! You should play again to settle the duel!" << std::endl;
gameOver = true;
player = togglePlayer(player);
while (!gameOver);
drawBoard();
void TicTacToe::getPlayerMove(char player)
//Gets player move and stores in board array for display through next iteration
bool playerMoveFound = false;
char playerTurn = '0';
char playerMove = '0';
if (player == 'X')
playerTurn = '1';
else
playerTurn = '2';
while (playerMoveFound == false)
std::cout << "Player " << playerTurn << " please make a move" << std::endl;
std::cin >> playerMove;
for (int counter = 0; counter < 9; counter++)
//If finds the array number makes the change to the iteration...prevents x or o movement
if (playerMove == squareArray[counter] && playerMove != 'X' && playerMove != 'O' && playerMove != 'x' && playerMove != 'o')
squareArray[counter] = player;
playerMoveFound = true;
//Move counter implemented to streamline check for win/check for tie
moveCounter++;
if (playerMoveFound == false)
std::cout << "Invalid player move..." << std::endl;
char TicTacToe::togglePlayer(char player)
player = player == 'X' ? 'O' : 'X';
return(player);
bool TicTacToe::checkForWin(char player)
bool playerWin = false;
if (moveCounter >= MinMovesNeededToWin)
// Only need to check for current player
// Only need to check until we have a win
// Tests rows for win
for (int rowCounter = 0; !playerWin && rowCounter < 8; rowCounter += 3)
playerWin = checkLineForWin(rowCounter, rowCounter + 1, rowCounter + 2, player);
// Tests columns for win
for (int columnCounter = 0; !playerWin && columnCounter < 3; columnCounter++)
playerWin = checkLineForWin(columnCounter, columnCounter + 3, columnCounter + 6, player);
// Tests diagnols for win
playerWin |= (checkLineForWin(0, 4, 8, player) | checkLineForWin(2, 4, 6, player));
return(playerWin);
bool TicTacToe::checkLineForWin(int square1, int square2, int square3, char player)
return squareArray[square1] == player &&
squareArray[square2] == player &&
squareArray[square3] == player;
bool TicTacToe::checkForTie()
return moveCounter == MaxMovesInGame;
【问题讨论】：
你的类实现文件可能没有编译，因为stdafx.h没有被首先包含；更改包含的顺序，以便将stdafx.h 包含在之前 TicTacToe.h。
@ildjarn 哇...修复了！哈哈谢谢你！请问为什么会这样？请把它作为答案发布，这样我就可以给你信用了。究竟什么是 stdafx.h？明明是头文件，但是里面有什么？我在 Eclipse 中没有看到。
它与预编译的头文件一起使用。见stdafx.h: When do I need it?
参见Precompiled Header Files 和Using Precompiled Headers in a Project。也强烈推荐：Does Visual Studio Rot the Mind?.
除了问题的答案 (PCH) 之外，还值得记住的是，不同的编译器会检测到不同的问题并发出不同的警告。编译器也有不同的错误，一个可能会接受另一个拒绝的损坏代码。在高警告级别使用多个编译器进行测试通常是一件好事（我经常使用 clang、gcc 和 VC++ 编译所有代码，这样做会捕获错误）。
【参考方案1】：
在 Visual C++ 中，当precompiled headers 被启用时（它们通常默认为stdafx.h），您的PCH 必须是每个翻译单元中包含的first 标头。如果您忘记完全包含 PCH，您会收到一个合理的 C1010 错误告诉您；但是，不幸的是，当您仅以错误的顺序包含标头时，没有合理的诊断输出可以告诉您为什么事情会失败。
更改类实现 TU 中包含的顺序，以便将 stdafx.h 包含在 之前 TicTacToe.h。进一步阅读有关 VC++ 上下文中的预编译头文件可以找到here。
【讨论】：
或者，指定/FI (Name Forced Include File) 编译器选项。这在编译您无法修改但仍想使用预编译头文件的第 3 方库代码时特别有趣。以上是关于不同的 IDE 产生 0 个错误与 28 个错误的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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