JavaScript继承[关闭]

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【中文标题】JavaScript继承[关闭]【英文标题】:JavaScript Inheritance [closed] 【发布时间】:2011-11-21 03:46:55 【问题描述】:

我正在尝试在 javascript 中实现继承。我想出了以下最少的代码来支持它。

function Base()
    this.call = function(handler, args)
      handler.call(this, args);
    


Base.extend = function(child, parent)
    parent.apply(child);
    child.base = new parent;
    child.base.child = child;

专家,请让我知道这是否足够或我可能遗漏的任何其他重要问题。根据面临的类似问题,请提出其他更改建议。

这是完整的测试脚本:

function Base()
    this.call = function(handler, args)
      handler.call(this, args);
    
    this.superalert = function()
        alert('tst');
    


Base.extend = function(child, parent)
    parent.apply(child);
    child.base = new parent;
    child.base.child = child;


function Child()
    Base.extend(this, Base);
    this.width = 20;
    this.height = 15;
    this.a = ['s',''];
    this.alert = function()
        alert(this.a.length);
        alert(this.height);
    


function Child1()
    Base.extend(this, Child);
    this.depth = 'depth';
    this.height = 'h';
    this.alert = function()
        alert(this.height); // display current object height
        alert(this.a.length); // display parents array length
        this.call(this.base.alert); 
          // explicit call to parent alert with current objects value
        this.call(this.base.superalert); 
          // explicit call to grandparent, parent does not have method 
        this.base.alert(); // call parent without overriding values
    


var v = new Child1();
v.alert();
alert(v.height);
alert(v.depth);

【问题讨论】:

如果你需要继承,有很多很多库已经提供了这个。至少阅读它们以找出您的代码错误的地方。但为什么要重新发明?我想到的两个很棒的 javascript 继承库是 klass 和 selfish.js(我都用过,它们很棒。) 我使用过 Klass,但是在覆盖数组变量时存在一些问题。我会尝试自私的。但我的版本是简单的 4 行代码,但在大多数情况下都适用于我。我只是想知道我以后是否会被这种方法卡住。 您可能想查看this SO answer to a similar question;在所有伟大的技巧中,作者展示了如何在定义子类时删除对父构造函数的调用。 @hungryMind:如果您担心与您的代码有关的特定问题,为什么不编辑您的问题并准确告诉我们您害怕什么。因为您只是在询问您的代码是否正常,所以并​​没有给它太多的正义。你可能不会得到你正在寻找的答案。因此我建议你编辑你的 Q。 本题同题:***.com/questions/711209/… 【参考方案1】:

要在ECMAScript 5 中实现javascript 继承,您可以定义对象的原型并使用Object.create 进行继承。您还可以根据需要添加/覆盖属性。

例子:

/**
 * Transform base class
 */
function Transform() 
    this.type = "2d";


Transform.prototype.toString = function() 
    return "Transform";


/**
 * Translation class.
 */
function Translation(x, y) 
    // Parent constructor
    Transform.call(this);

    // Public properties
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;


// Inheritance
Translation.prototype = Object.create(Transform.prototype);

// Override
Translation.prototype.toString = function() 
    return Transform.prototype.toString() + this.type + " Translation " + this.x + ":" + this.y;


/**
 * Rotation class.
 */
function Rotation(angle) 
    // Parent constructor
    Transform.call(this);

    // Public properties
    this.angle = angle;


// Inheritance
Rotation.prototype = Object.create(Transform.prototype);

// Override
Rotation.prototype.toString = function() 
    return Transform.prototype.toString() + this.type + " Rotation " + this.angle;


// Tests
translation = new Translation(10, 15);

console.log(translation instanceof Transform); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Translation); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Rotation); // false

console.log(translation.toString()) // Transform2d Translation 10:15

【讨论】:

Translation.prototype = Object.create(new Transform()); ? Translation.prototype = Object.create(Transform.prototype); @4esn0k 是的,谢谢。 为什么不只是Translation.prototype = new Transform()?另外,由于答案目前不起作用,您会编辑它吗? @JörnZaefferer 看看这里:***.com/q/4166616/885464。 '答案目前不起作用'是什么意思? 您还应该明确设置子类的构造函数:Translation.prototype.constructor = Translation。用于克隆对象(在大多数技术中)。【参考方案2】:

我认为 Crockfords 的解决方案过于复杂,John 的也是如此。获得 javascript 继承比他们似乎描述的要简单得多。考虑:

//Classes
function A() 
    B.call(this);


function B() 
    C.call(this);
    this.bbb = function() 
        console.log("i was inherited from b!");
    


function C() 
    D.call(this);


function D() 
    E.call(this);


function E() 
    //instance property 
    this.id = Math.random()


//set up the inheritance chain (order matters) 
D.prototype = new E();
C.prototype = new D();
B.prototype = new C();
A.prototype = new B();

//Add custom functions to each
A.prototype.foo = function() 
    console.log("a");
;
B.prototype.bar = function() 
    console.log("b");
;
C.prototype.baz = function() 
    console.log("c");
;
D.prototype.wee = function() 
    console.log("d");
;
E.prototype.woo = function() 
    console.log("e");
;

//Some tests
a = new A();
a.foo();
a.bar();
a.baz();
a.wee();
a.woo();
console.log(a.id);
a.bbb();
console.log(a instanceof A);
console.log(a instanceof B);
console.log(a instanceof C);
console.log(a instanceof D);
console.log(a instanceof E);​
var b = new B();
console.log(b.id)

我已经在my blog 上写了上述解决方案的完整描述。

【讨论】:

除了只支持所有公众会员 @rodrigo-silveira,不确定你的意思。如果你想要私有,你只需用 var x = "whatever" 声明它们,不是吗? 我认为@rodrigo-silveira 的意思是它不支持受保护的成员,这两种解决方案都不支持。 (根据定义,私有成员不能从子类访问,因此没有意义)。您必须使用 this._myProtectedVariable = 5; 之类的东西来创建受保护的成员。 非常好的解决方案,只有(轻微的)缺点,构造函数执行了两次。一次 D.call(this),又一次:new D()。这通常不是什么大问题,但如果你确实想避免它,你可以像这样使用 Object.create:而不是 C.prototype = new D();你可以写 C.prototype = Object.create(D.prototype);例如:jsfiddle.net/9Dxkb/1 最后,一个有效的非混淆解释!我颠倒了你的逻辑,使 E 反向继承(E 最多),因为这对我来说很有意义。谢谢!【参考方案3】:

在玩 JS 对象时,我发现了一个更简约的解决方案 :-) 享受吧!

function extend(b,a,t,p)  b.prototype = a; a.apply(t,p); 

例子

function A() 
    this.info1 = function() 
        alert("A");
    


function B(p1,p2) 
    extend(B,A,this);
    this.info2 = function() 
        alert("B"+p1+p2);
    


function C(p) 
    extend(C,B,this,["1","2"]);
    this.info3 = function() 
        alert("C"+p);
    



var c = new C("c");
c.info1(); // A
c.info2(); // B12
c.info3(); // Cc

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

这里是最简单的,我希望是最简单的方式来理解 JS 中的继承。这个例子对 php 程序员最有帮助。

function Mother()
    this.canSwim = function()
        console.log('yes');
    


function Son();
Son.prototype = new Mother;
Son.prototype.canRun = function()
    console.log('yes');

现在儿子有一个被覆盖的方法和一个新的

function Grandson()
Grandson.prototype = new Son;
Grandson.prototype.canPlayPiano = function()
    console.log('yes');
;
Grandson.prototype.canSwim = function()
    console.log('no');

现在孙子有两个被覆盖的方法和一个新的

var g = new Grandson;
g.canRun(); // => yes
g.canPlayPiano(); // => yes
g.canSwim(); // => no

【讨论】:

Why not to use new for inheritance 当然可以实现为 Object.create(new Son) 那会更糟。【参考方案5】:

为什么不使用对象而不是函数:

var Base = 
    superalert : function() 
        alert('tst');
    
;

var Child = Object.create(Base);
Child.width = 20;
Child.height = 15;
Child.a = ['s',''];
Child.childAlert = function () 
        alert(this.a.length);
        alert(this.height);
    

var Child1 = Object.create(Child);
Child1.depth = 'depth';
Child1.height = 'h';
Child1.alert = function () 
    alert(this.height);
    alert(this.a.length);
    this.childAlert();
    this.superalert();
;

然后这样称呼它:

var child1 = Object.create(Child1);
child1.alert();

这种方法比函数更简洁。 我发现这个博客解释了为什么在 JS 中使用函数继承不是一种正确的方法:http://davidwalsh.name/javascript-objects-deconstruction

编辑

var Child也可以写成:

var Child = Object.create(Base, 
    width : value : 20,
    height  : value : 15, writable: true,
    a : value : ['s', ''], writable: true,
    childAlert : value : function () 
        alert(this.a.length);
        alert(this.height);
    
);

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:

这是我的解决方案,它基于Lorenzo Polidori'sanswer 中描述的标准原型继承方法。

首先,我从定义这些帮助方法开始,这使以后的事情更容易理解和可读:

Function.prototype.setSuperclass = function(target) 
    // Set a custom field for keeping track of the object's 'superclass'.
    this._superclass = target;

    // Set the internal [[Prototype]] of instances of this object to a new object
    // which inherits from the superclass's prototype.
    this.prototype = Object.create(this._superclass.prototype);

    // Correct the constructor attribute of this class's prototype
    this.prototype.constructor = this;
;

Function.prototype.getSuperclass = function(target) 
    // Easy way of finding out what a class inherits from
    return this._superclass;
;

Function.prototype.callSuper = function(target, methodName, args) 
    // If methodName is ommitted, call the constructor.
    if (arguments.length < 3) 
        return this.callSuperConstructor(arguments[0], arguments[1]);
    

    // `args` is an empty array by default.
    if (args === undefined || args === null) args = [];

    var superclass = this.getSuperclass();
    if (superclass === undefined) throw new TypeError("A superclass for " + this + " could not be found.");

    var method = superclass.prototype[methodName];
    if (typeof method != "function") throw new TypeError("TypeError: Object " + superclass.prototype + " has no method '" + methodName + "'");

    return method.apply(target, args);
;

Function.prototype.callSuperConstructor = function(target, args) 
    if (args === undefined || args === null) args = [];

    var superclass = this.getSuperclass();
    if (superclass === undefined) throw new TypeError("A superclass for " + this + " could not be found.");

    return superclass.apply(target, args);
;

现在,你不仅可以用SubClass.setSuperclass(ParentClass)设置类的超类,还可以用SubClass.callSuper(this, 'functionName', [argument1, argument2...])调用被覆盖的方法:

/**
 * Transform base class
 */
function Transform() 
    this.type = "2d";


Transform.prototype.toString = function() 
    return "Transform";


/**
 * Translation class.
 */
function Translation(x, y) 
    // Parent constructor
    Translation.callSuper(this, arguments);

    // Public properties
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;

// Inheritance
Translation.setSuperclass(Transform);

// Override
Translation.prototype.toString = function() 
    return Translation.callSuper(this, 'toString', arguments) + this.type + " Translation " + this.x + ":" + this.y;


/**
 * Rotation class.
 */
function Rotation(angle) 
    // Parent constructor
    Rotation.callSuper(this, arguments);

    // Public properties
    this.angle = angle;

// Inheritance
Rotation.setSuperclass(Transform);

// Override
Rotation.prototype.toString = function() 
    return Rotation.callSuper(this, 'toString', arguments) + this.type + " Rotation " + this.angle;


// Tests
translation = new Translation(10, 15);

console.log(translation instanceof Transform); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Translation); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Rotation); // false

console.log(translation.toString()) // Transform2d Translation 10:15

诚然,即使使用辅助函数,这里的语法也很尴尬。不过值得庆幸的是,在 ECMAScript 6 中添加了一些语法糖 (maximally minimal classes) 使事情变得更漂亮。例如:

/**
 * Transform base class
 */
class Transform 
  constructor() 
    this.type = "2d";
  

  toString() 
    return "Transform";
   


/**
 * Translation class.
 */
class Translation extends Transform 
  constructor(x, y) 
    super(); // Parent constructor

    // Public properties
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  

  toString() 
    return super(...arguments) + this.type + " Translation " + this.x + ":" + this.y;
  


/**
 * Rotation class.
 */
class Rotation extends Transform 
  constructor(angle) 
    // Parent constructor
    super(...arguments);

    // Public properties
    this.angle = angle;
  

  toString() 
    return super(...arguments) + this.type + " Rotation " + this.angle;
  


// Tests
translation = new Translation(10, 15);

console.log(translation instanceof Transform); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Translation); // true
console.log(translation instanceof Rotation); // false

console.log(translation.toString()) // Transform2d Translation 10:15

请注意,ECMAScript 6 目前仍处于草稿阶段,据我所知,尚未在任何主要的 Web 浏览器中实现。但是,如果您愿意,可以使用 Traceur compiler 之类的东西将 ECMAScript 6 编译成普通的基于 ECMAScript 5 的 JavaScript。可以看到上面使用 Traceur here 编译的例子。

【讨论】:

【参考方案7】:

虽然我同意上述所有答案,但我认为 JavaScript 不需要面向对象(避免继承),而 an object-based approach 在大多数情况下就足够了。

我喜欢 Eloquent JavaScript 在面向对象编程上谈论 OO 时开始其 Chapter 8 的方式。与其解读实现继承的最佳方式,不如将更多的精力投入到学习 JavaScript 的函数方面,因此,我发现函数式编程的 Chapter 6 更有趣。

【讨论】:

【参考方案8】:
//This is an example of how to override a method, while preserving access to the original.
//The pattern used is actually quite simple using JavaScripts ability to define closures:

    this.somefunction = this.someFunction.override(function(args)
        var result = this.inherited(args);
        result += this.doSomethingElse();
        return result;
    );

//It is accomplished through this piece of code (courtesy of Poul Krogh):

/***************************************************************
    function.override overrides a defined method with a new one, 
    while preserving the old method.
    The old method is only accessible from the new one.
    Use this.inherited() to access the old method.
***************************************************************/

    Function.prototype.override = function(func)
    
        var remember = this;
        var f = function() 
        
             var save = this.inherited; 
             this.inherited = remember;
             var result = func.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments));
             this.inherited = save;
             return result;
        ;
        return f;
    

【讨论】:

【参考方案9】:

这个简单的方法怎么样

    function Body()
        this.Eyes = 2;
        this.Arms = 2;
        this.Legs = 2;
        this.Heart = 1;
        this.Walk = function()alert(this.FirstName + ' Is Walking');
    

    function BasePerson() 
        var BaseBody = new Body(this);
        BaseBody.FirstName = '';
        BaseBody.LastName = '';
        BaseBody.Email = '';
        BaseBody.IntroduceSelf = function ()  alert('Hello my name is ' + this.FirstName + ' ' + this.LastName); ;
        return BaseBody;
    

    function Person(FirstName,LastName)
    
        var PersonBuild = new BasePerson();
        PersonBuild.FirstName = FirstName;
        PersonBuild.LastName = LastName;
        return PersonBuild;
    

    var Person1 = new Person('Code', 'Master');
    Person1.IntroduceSelf();
    Person1.Walk();

【讨论】:

【参考方案10】:

基本原型继承

在 JavaScript 中进行继承的一种简单但有效的方法是使用以下两行代码:

B.prototype = Object.create(A.prototype);
B.prototype.constructor = B;

这类似于这样做:

B.prototype = new A();

两者的主要区别在于A的构造函数在使用Object.create时没有运行,这样更直观,更类似于基于类的继承。

在创建B 的新实例时,您始终可以选择运行A 的构造函数,方法是将其添加到B 的构造函数中:

function B(arg1, arg2) 
    A(arg1, arg2); // This is optional

如果要将B的所有参数传递给A,也可以使用Function.prototype.apply()

function B() 
    A.apply(this, arguments); // This is optional

如果你想将另一个对象混入B的构造函数链中,你可以将Object.createObject.assign结合起来:

B.prototype = Object.assign(Object.create(A.prototype), mixin.prototype);
B.prototype.constructor = B;

演示

function A(name) 
  this.name = name;


A.prototype = Object.create(Object.prototype);
A.prototype.constructor = A;

function B() 
  A.apply(this, arguments);
  this.street = "Downing Street 10";


B.prototype = Object.create(A.prototype);
B.prototype.constructor = B;

function mixin() 



mixin.prototype = Object.create(Object.prototype);
mixin.prototype.constructor = mixin;

mixin.prototype.getProperties = function() 
  return 
    name: this.name,
    address: this.street,
    year: this.year
  ;
;

function C() 
  B.apply(this, arguments);
  this.year = "2018"


C.prototype = Object.assign(Object.create(B.prototype), mixin.prototype);
C.prototype.constructor = C;

var instance = new C("Frank");
console.log(instance);
console.log(instance.getProperties());

创建自己的包装器

如果您不喜欢在整个代码中编写大致相同的两行代码,您可以编写一个基本的包装函数,如下所示:

function inheritance() 
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  var firstArg = args.shift();
  switch (args.length) 
  case 0:
    firstArg.prototype = Object.create(Object.prototype);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
    break;
  case 1:
    firstArg.prototype = Object.create(args[0].prototype);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
    break;
  default:
    for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) 
      args[i] = args[i].prototype;
    
    args[0] = Object.create(args[0]);
    var secondArg = args.shift();
    firstArg.prototype = Object.assign.apply(Object, args);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
  

这个包装器是如何工作的:

    如果你传递一个参数,它的原型将继承自Object。 如果您传递两个参数,第一个的原型将继承第二个的原型。 如果传递两个以上的参数,第一个的原型会继承第二个的原型,其他参数的原型会混入。

演示

function inheritance() 
  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
  var firstArg = args.shift();
  switch (args.length) 
  case 0:
    firstArg.prototype = Object.create(Object.prototype);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
    break;
  case 1:
    firstArg.prototype = Object.create(args[0].prototype);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
    break;
  default:
    for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) 
      args[i] = args[i].prototype;
    
    args[0] = Object.create(args[0]);
    var secondArg = args.shift();
    firstArg.prototype = Object.assign.apply(Object, args);
    firstArg.prototype.constructor = firstArg;
  


function A(name) 
  this.name = name;


inheritance(A);

function B() 
  A.apply(this, arguments);
  this.street = "Downing Street 10";


inheritance(B, A);

function mixin() 



inheritance(mixin);

mixin.prototype.getProperties = function() 
  return 
    name: this.name,
    address: this.street,
    year: this.year
  ;
;

function C() 
  B.apply(this, arguments);
  this.year = "2018"


inheritance(C, B, mixin);

var instance = new C("Frank");
console.log(instance);
console.log(instance.getProperties());

注意

Object.create 可以在所有现代浏览器中安全使用,包括 IE9+。 Object.assign 不适用于任何版本的 IE 或某些移动浏览器。如果您想使用它们并支持没有实现它们的浏览器,建议polyfill Object.create 和/或Object.assign

你可以找到 Object.create here 的 polyfill 一个用于Object.assign here。

【讨论】:

【参考方案11】:
//
//  try this one:
//  
//    function ParentConstructor() 
//    function ChildConstructor()  
//
//    var 
//        SubClass = ChildConstructor.xtendz( ParentConstructor );
//
Function.prototype.xtendz = function ( SuperCtorFn ) 

    return ( function( Super, _slice ) 

                // 'freeze' host fn 
                var
                    baseFn = this, 
                    SubClassCtorFn;

                // define child ctor
                SubClassCtorFn = function ( /* child_ctor_parameters..., parent_ctor_parameters[] */ ) 

                    // execute parent ctor fn on host object
                    // pass it last ( array ) argument as parameters
                    Super.apply( this, _slice.call( arguments, -1 )[0] );

                    // execute child ctor fn on host object
                    // pass remaining arguments as parameters
                    baseFn.apply( this, _slice.call( arguments, 0, -1 ) );

                ;

                // establish proper prototype inheritance
                // 'inherit' methods
                SubClassCtorFn.prototype = new Super;

                // (re)establish child ctor ( instead of Super ctor )
                SubClassCtorFn.prototype.constructor = SubClassCtorFn;

                // return built ctor
                return SubClassCtorFn;

     ).call( this, SuperCtorFn, Array.prototype.slice );
;

// declare parent ctor
function Sup( x1, x2 ) 
    this.parent_property_1 = x1;
    this.parent_property_2 = x2;


// define some methods on parent
Sup.prototype.hello = function() 
   alert(' ~  h e l l o   t h e r e  ~ ');
;


// declare child ctor
function Sub( x1, x2 ) 
    this.child_property_1 = x1;
    this.child_property_2 = x2;


var
    SubClass = Sub.xtendz(Sup), // get 'child class' ctor
    obj;

// reserve last array argument for parent ctor
obj = new SubClass( 97, 98, [99, 100] ); 

obj.hello();

console.log( obj );
console.log('obj instanceof SubClass      -> ', obj instanceof SubClass      );
console.log('obj.constructor === SubClass -> ', obj.constructor === SubClass );
console.log('obj instanceof Sup           -> ', obj instanceof Sup           );
console.log('obj instanceof Object        -> ', obj instanceof Object        );

//
//  Object parent_property_1: 99, parent_property_2: 100, child_property_1: 97, child_property_2: 98
//  obj instanceof SubClass      -> true
//  obj.constructor === SubClass -> true
//  obj instanceof Sup           -> true
//  obj instanceof Object        -> true
//

【讨论】:

【参考方案12】:

使用AWeb library 的最简单方法。官方样本:

   /**
     * A-class
     */
   var ClassA = AWeb.class(
     public : 
        /**
          * A-class constructor
          */
        constructor : function() 
           /* Private variable */
           this.variable1 = "A";
           this.calls = 0;
        ,

        /**
          * Function returns information about the object
          */
        getInfo : function() 
           this.incCalls();

           return "name=" + this.variable1 + ", calls=" + this.calls;
        
     ,
     private : 
        /**
          * Private function
          */
        incCalls : function() 
           this.calls++;
        
     
  );
  /**
    * B-class
    */
  var ClassB = AWeb.class(
     extends : ClassA,
     public : 
        /**
          * B-class constructor
          */
        constructor : function() 
           this.super();

           /* Private variable */
           this.variable1 = "B";
        ,

        /**
          * Function returns extended information about the object
          */
        getLongInfo : function() 
           return this.incCalls !== undefined ? "incCalls exists" : "incCalls undefined";
        
     
  );
  /**
    * Main project function
    */
  function main() 
     var a = new ClassA(),
         b = new ClassB();

     alert(
        "a.getInfo " + (a.getInfo ? "exists" : "undefined") + "\n" +
        "a.getLongInfo " + (a.getLongInfo ? "exists" : "undefined") + "\n" +

        "b.getInfo " + (b.getInfo ? "exists" : "undefined") + "\n" +
        "b.getLongInfo " + (b.getLongInfo ? "exists" : "undefined") + "\n" +

        "b.getInfo()=" + b.getInfo() + "\n" +
        "b.getLongInfo()=" + b.getLongInfo()
     );
  

【讨论】:

【参考方案13】:

我找到了一个比扩展和原型设计更容易的解决方案。实际上,我不知道它的效率如何,尽管它看起来很干净而且很实用。

var A = function (p) 
    if (p == null) p = this;
    p.a1 = 0;
    this.a2 = 0;
    var a3 = 0;
;

var B = function (p) 
    if (p == null) p = this;
    p.b1 = new A(this);
    this.b2 = new A(this);
    var b3 = new A(this);
    this b4 = new A();
;

var a = new A ();
var b = new B ();

结果:

a
    a1        0
    a2        0
b
    a1        0
    b1
        a2    0
    b2
        a2    0
    b4
        a1    0
        a2    0

实际例子:

var Point = function (p) 
    if (p == null) p = this;
    var x = 0;
    var y = 0;
    p.getPoint = function ()  return [x,y]; ;
    p.setPoint = function (_x,_y)  x = _x; y = _y; ;
;

var Dimension = function (p) 
    if (p == null) p = this;
    var w = 0;
    var h = 0;
    p.getDimension = function()  return [w,h] ;
    p.setDimension = function(_w,_h)  w = _w; h = _h ;
;

var Rect = function (p) 
    if (p == null) p = this;
    var dimension = new Dimension(this);
    var location  = new Point(this);
;

var rect = new Rect ();
rect.setDimension(w:30,h:40);
rect.setPoint(x:50,y:50);

【讨论】:

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