如何在 Windows 中使用 shell 脚本永久设置环境变量

Posted 2023-02-19

【中文标题】如何在 Windows 中使用 shell 脚本永久设置环境变量

【英文标题】：How to set environment vars permanently with a shell script in Windows

【发布时间】：2019-11-04 04:53:05

【问题描述】：

我有一个 .bat，用于在运行一些程序之前设置一些环境变量。

我想永久设置这些环境变量，但如果可能的话我不想手动设置。这里有捷径吗？有没有我可以设置永久添加到 PATH 的标志？

代码来自于 OpenVino 提供的 setupvars.bat：

set ROOT=%~dp0
call :GetFullPath "%ROOT%\.." ROOT
set SCRIPT_NAME=%~nx0

set "INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR=%ROOT%"
set "INTEL_CVSDK_DIR=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%"

where /q libmmd.dll || echo Warning: libmmd.dll couldn't be found in %%PATH%%. Please check if the redistributable package for Intel(R) C++ Compiler is installed and the library path is added to the PATH environment variable. System reboot can be required to update the system environment.

:: OpenCV
if exist "%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\opencv\setupvars.bat" (
call "%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\opencv\setupvars.bat"
) else (
set "OpenCV_DIR=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\opencv\x64\vc14\lib"
set "PATH=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\opencv\x64\vc14\bin;%PATH%"
)

:: OpenVX
set "OPENVX_FOLDER=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\openvx"
set "PATH=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\openvx\bin;%PATH%"

:: Inference Engine
set "InferenceEngine_DIR=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\share"
set "HDDL_INSTALL_DIR=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\external\hddl"
set "PATH=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\bin\intel64\Release;%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\bin\intel64\Debug;%HDDL_INSTALL_DIR%\bin;%PATH%"
if exist "%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\bin\intel64\arch_descriptions" (
set "ARCH_ROOT_DIR=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\deployment_tools\inference_engine\bin\intel64\arch_descriptions"
)
:: Check if Python is installed
python --version 2>NUL
if errorlevel 1 (
   echo Error^: Python is not installed. Please install Python 3.5. or 3.6  ^(64-bit^) from https://www.python.org/downloads/
   exit /B 1
)

:: Check Python version
for /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python --version 2^>^&1`) DO (
   set version=%%F
)
echo %var%

for /F "tokens=1,2,3 delims=. " %%a in ("%version%") do (
   set Major=%%b
   set Minor=%%c
)

if "%Major%" geq "3" (
   if "%Minor%" geq "5" (
      set python_ver=okay
   )
   if "%Minor%" geq "6" (
     set python_ver=okay
   )
)

if not "%python_ver%"=="okay" (
   echo Unsupported Python version. Please install Python 3.5 or 3.6  ^(64-bit^) from https://www.python.org/downloads/
   exit /B 1
)

:: Check Python bitness
python -c "import sys; print(64 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 32)" 2 > NUL
if errorlevel 1 (
   echo Error^: Error during installed Python bitness detection
   exit /B 1
)

for /F "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%F IN (`python -c "import sys; print(64 if sys.maxsize > 2**32 else 32)" 2^>^&1`) DO (
   set bitness=%%F
)

if not "%bitness%"=="64" (
   echo Unsupported Python bitness. Please install Python 3.5 or 3.6  ^(64-bit^) from https://www.python.org/downloads/
   exit /B 1
)

set PYTHONPATH=%INTEL_OPENVINO_DIR%\python\python%Major%.%Minor%;%PYTHONPATH%

echo PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%

echo [setupvars.bat] OpenVINO environment initialized

exit /B 0

:GetFullPath
SET %2=%~f1

GOTO :EOF

【问题讨论】：

查看帮助setx /?

但是不要使用setx来修改system或userPATH分别使用它非常明智，否则你正在破坏系统或用户PATH。我建议阅读Why are other folder paths also added to system PATH with SetX and not only the specified folder path? 和How to search and replace a string in environment variable PATH? 和Adding the current directory to Windows path permanently。

为了更好地理解我的意思，请查看昨天的this question，其中用户执行了很可能带有类似setx PATH "C:\Whatever Folder Path;%PATH%" /M 之类的错误编码批处理文件，现在替换了所有环境变量引用的结果通过扩展字符串，在 user 和 system PATH 中复制文件夹路径并截断 PATHs，因为 setx 限制为 1024 个字符，这在许多文件夹中并不多system PATH.

中的路径（无用或不需要）

【参考方案1】：

对于 OpenVINO，每次打开命令行时都需要运行 setupvars.sh 脚本。但是，您也可以将所需的所有变量添加到系统环境变量中。

在您的 Windows® 10 系统上，转到控制面板 > 系统和安全 > 系统 > 高级系统设置 > 环境变量。

有关所需变量及其值的列表，请参阅 this document。