Excel VBA的密码哈希函数
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【中文标题】Excel VBA的密码哈希函数【英文标题】：Password hash function for Excel VBA 【发布时间】：2008-09-24 07:13:05 【问题描述】：我需要一个用 Excel VBA 编写的函数，该函数将使用 SHA-1 等标准算法对密码进行哈希处理。具有简单界面的东西，例如：
Public Function CreateHash(Value As String) As String
...
End Function
该功能需要在安装了 Excel 2003 的 XP 工作站上运行，否则不得使用第三方组件。它可以引用和使用 XP 提供的 DLL，例如 CryptoAPI。
有人知道实现这种散列功能的示例吗？
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：这是一个用于计算 SHA1 哈希的模块，可用于 Excel 公式，例如。 '=SHA1HASH（“测试”）'。要使用它，请创建一个名为“module_sha1”的新模块并将其全部复制并粘贴进去。 这基于来自http://vb.wikia.com/wiki/SHA-1.bas 的一些 VBA 代码，并进行了更改以支持将字符串传递给它，并且可以从 Excel 单元格中的公式执行。
' Based on: http://vb.wikia.com/wiki/SHA-1.bas
Option Explicit
Private Type FourBytes
A As Byte
B As Byte
C As Byte
D As Byte
End Type
Private Type OneLong
L As Long
End Type
Function HexDefaultSHA1(Message() As Byte) As String
Dim H1 As Long, H2 As Long, H3 As Long, H4 As Long, H5 As Long
DefaultSHA1 Message, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5
HexDefaultSHA1 = DecToHex5(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5)
End Function
Function HexSHA1(Message() As Byte, ByVal Key1 As Long, ByVal Key2 As Long, ByVal Key3 As Long, ByVal Key4 As Long) As String
Dim H1 As Long, H2 As Long, H3 As Long, H4 As Long, H5 As Long
xSHA1 Message, Key1, Key2, Key3, Key4, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5
HexSHA1 = DecToHex5(H1, H2, H3, H4, H5)
End Function
Sub DefaultSHA1(Message() As Byte, H1 As Long, H2 As Long, H3 As Long, H4 As Long, H5 As Long)
xSHA1 Message, &H5A827999, &H6ED9EBA1, &H8F1BBCDC, &HCA62C1D6, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5
End Sub
Sub xSHA1(Message() As Byte, ByVal Key1 As Long, ByVal Key2 As Long, ByVal Key3 As Long, ByVal Key4 As Long, H1 As Long, H2 As Long, H3 As Long, H4 As Long, H5 As Long)
'CA62C1D68F1BBCDC6ED9EBA15A827999 + "abc" = "A9993E36 4706816A BA3E2571 7850C26C 9CD0D89D"
'"abc" = "A9993E36 4706816A BA3E2571 7850C26C 9CD0D89D"
Dim U As Long, P As Long
Dim FB As FourBytes, OL As OneLong
Dim i As Integer
Dim W(80) As Long
Dim A As Long, B As Long, C As Long, D As Long, E As Long
Dim T As Long
H1 = &H67452301: H2 = &HEFCDAB89: H3 = &H98BADCFE: H4 = &H10325476: H5 = &HC3D2E1F0
U = UBound(Message) + 1: OL.L = U32ShiftLeft3(U): A = U \ &H20000000: LSet FB = OL 'U32ShiftRight29(U)
ReDim Preserve Message(0 To (U + 8 And -64) + 63)
Message(U) = 128
U = UBound(Message)
Message(U - 4) = A
Message(U - 3) = FB.D
Message(U - 2) = FB.C
Message(U - 1) = FB.B
Message(U) = FB.A
While P < U
For i = 0 To 15
FB.D = Message(P)
FB.C = Message(P + 1)
FB.B = Message(P + 2)
FB.A = Message(P + 3)
LSet OL = FB
W(i) = OL.L
P = P + 4
Next i
For i = 16 To 79
W(i) = U32RotateLeft1(W(i - 3) Xor W(i - 8) Xor W(i - 14) Xor W(i - 16))
Next i
A = H1: B = H2: C = H3: D = H4: E = H5
For i = 0 To 19
T = U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32RotateLeft5(A), E), W(i)), Key1), ((B And C) Or ((Not B) And D)))
E = D: D = C: C = U32RotateLeft30(B): B = A: A = T
Next i
For i = 20 To 39
T = U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32RotateLeft5(A), E), W(i)), Key2), (B Xor C Xor D))
E = D: D = C: C = U32RotateLeft30(B): B = A: A = T
Next i
For i = 40 To 59
T = U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32RotateLeft5(A), E), W(i)), Key3), ((B And C) Or (B And D) Or (C And D)))
E = D: D = C: C = U32RotateLeft30(B): B = A: A = T
Next i
For i = 60 To 79
T = U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32Add(U32RotateLeft5(A), E), W(i)), Key4), (B Xor C Xor D))
E = D: D = C: C = U32RotateLeft30(B): B = A: A = T
Next i
H1 = U32Add(H1, A): H2 = U32Add(H2, B): H3 = U32Add(H3, C): H4 = U32Add(H4, D): H5 = U32Add(H5, E)
Wend
End Sub
Function U32Add(ByVal A As Long, ByVal B As Long) As Long
If (A Xor B) < 0 Then
U32Add = A + B
Else
U32Add = (A Xor &H80000000) + B Xor &H80000000
End If
End Function
Function U32ShiftLeft3(ByVal A As Long) As Long
U32ShiftLeft3 = (A And &HFFFFFFF) * 8
If A And &H10000000 Then U32ShiftLeft3 = U32ShiftLeft3 Or &H80000000
End Function
Function U32ShiftRight29(ByVal A As Long) As Long
U32ShiftRight29 = (A And &HE0000000) \ &H20000000 And 7
End Function
Function U32RotateLeft1(ByVal A As Long) As Long
U32RotateLeft1 = (A And &H3FFFFFFF) * 2
If A And &H40000000 Then U32RotateLeft1 = U32RotateLeft1 Or &H80000000
If A And &H80000000 Then U32RotateLeft1 = U32RotateLeft1 Or 1
End Function
Function U32RotateLeft5(ByVal A As Long) As Long
U32RotateLeft5 = (A And &H3FFFFFF) * 32 Or (A And &HF8000000) \ &H8000000 And 31
If A And &H4000000 Then U32RotateLeft5 = U32RotateLeft5 Or &H80000000
End Function
Function U32RotateLeft30(ByVal A As Long) As Long
U32RotateLeft30 = (A And 1) * &H40000000 Or (A And &HFFFC) \ 4 And &H3FFFFFFF
If A And 2 Then U32RotateLeft30 = U32RotateLeft30 Or &H80000000
End Function
Function DecToHex5(ByVal H1 As Long, ByVal H2 As Long, ByVal H3 As Long, ByVal H4 As Long, ByVal H5 As Long) As String
Dim H As String, L As Long
DecToHex5 = "00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000"
H = Hex(H1): L = Len(H): Mid(DecToHex5, 9 - L, L) = H
H = Hex(H2): L = Len(H): Mid(DecToHex5, 18 - L, L) = H
H = Hex(H3): L = Len(H): Mid(DecToHex5, 27 - L, L) = H
H = Hex(H4): L = Len(H): Mid(DecToHex5, 36 - L, L) = H
H = Hex(H5): L = Len(H): Mid(DecToHex5, 45 - L, L) = H
End Function
' Convert the string into bytes so we can use the above functions
' From Chris Hulbert: http://splinter.com.au/blog
Public Function SHA1HASH(str)
Dim i As Integer
Dim arr() As Byte
ReDim arr(0 To Len(str) - 1) As Byte
For i = 0 To Len(str) - 1
arr(i) = Asc(Mid(str, i + 1, 1))
Next i
SHA1HASH = Replace(LCase(HexDefaultSHA1(arr)), " ", "")
End Function
【讨论】：
根据下面的用户，我已将其复制到访问模块中，然后可以调用SHA1HASH("TEST") 并返回一个不可读的字符串。 a94a8fe5ccb19ba61c4c0873d391e987982fbbd3 是一个 4 字符单词的示例。
我对这段代码有疑问。它完全符合调用时的功能（太棒了！）。但是，在调试时它似乎也被随机调用而没有“SHA1HASH(...)”的耳语。任何想法为什么？【参考方案2】：
如今，您可以利用 VBA 中的 .NET 库。以下内容在 Excel 2016 中适用于我。将哈希作为大写十六进制返回。
Public Function SHA1(ByVal s As String) As String
Dim Enc As Object, Prov As Object
Dim Hash() As Byte, i As Integer
Set Enc = CreateObject("System.Text.UTF8Encoding")
Set Prov = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider")
Hash = Prov.ComputeHash_2(Enc.GetBytes_4(s))
SHA1 = ""
For i = LBound(Hash) To UBound(Hash)
SHA1 = SHA1 & Hex(Hash(i) \ 16) & Hex(Hash(i) Mod 16)
Next
End Function
【讨论】：
对于像我这样来这里寻找 SHA256 的人，请将System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider 换成 System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256Managed
无法在 Mac 上运行，因为它不支持 ActiveX
此外，它的运行速度比干净的 VBA 解决方案快 10 倍。【参考方案3】：
这是插入到名为“module_md5”的 Excel 模块中的 MD5 代码：
Private Const BITS_TO_A_BYTE = 8
Private Const BYTES_TO_A_WORD = 4
Private Const BITS_TO_A_WORD = 32
Private m_lOnBits(30)
Private m_l2Power(30)
Sub SetUpArrays()
m_lOnBits(0) = CLng(1)
m_lOnBits(1) = CLng(3)
m_lOnBits(2) = CLng(7)
m_lOnBits(3) = CLng(15)
m_lOnBits(4) = CLng(31)
m_lOnBits(5) = CLng(63)
m_lOnBits(6) = CLng(127)
m_lOnBits(7) = CLng(255)
m_lOnBits(8) = CLng(511)
m_lOnBits(9) = CLng(1023)
m_lOnBits(10) = CLng(2047)
m_lOnBits(11) = CLng(4095)
m_lOnBits(12) = CLng(8191)
m_lOnBits(13) = CLng(16383)
m_lOnBits(14) = CLng(32767)
m_lOnBits(15) = CLng(65535)
m_lOnBits(16) = CLng(131071)
m_lOnBits(17) = CLng(262143)
m_lOnBits(18) = CLng(524287)
m_lOnBits(19) = CLng(1048575)
m_lOnBits(20) = CLng(2097151)
m_lOnBits(21) = CLng(4194303)
m_lOnBits(22) = CLng(8388607)
m_lOnBits(23) = CLng(16777215)
m_lOnBits(24) = CLng(33554431)
m_lOnBits(25) = CLng(67108863)
m_lOnBits(26) = CLng(134217727)
m_lOnBits(27) = CLng(268435455)
m_lOnBits(28) = CLng(536870911)
m_lOnBits(29) = CLng(1073741823)
m_lOnBits(30) = CLng(2147483647)
m_l2Power(0) = CLng(1)
m_l2Power(1) = CLng(2)
m_l2Power(2) = CLng(4)
m_l2Power(3) = CLng(8)
m_l2Power(4) = CLng(16)
m_l2Power(5) = CLng(32)
m_l2Power(6) = CLng(64)
m_l2Power(7) = CLng(128)
m_l2Power(8) = CLng(256)
m_l2Power(9) = CLng(512)
m_l2Power(10) = CLng(1024)
m_l2Power(11) = CLng(2048)
m_l2Power(12) = CLng(4096)
m_l2Power(13) = CLng(8192)
m_l2Power(14) = CLng(16384)
m_l2Power(15) = CLng(32768)
m_l2Power(16) = CLng(65536)
m_l2Power(17) = CLng(131072)
m_l2Power(18) = CLng(262144)
m_l2Power(19) = CLng(524288)
m_l2Power(20) = CLng(1048576)
m_l2Power(21) = CLng(2097152)
m_l2Power(22) = CLng(4194304)
m_l2Power(23) = CLng(8388608)
m_l2Power(24) = CLng(16777216)
m_l2Power(25) = CLng(33554432)
m_l2Power(26) = CLng(67108864)
m_l2Power(27) = CLng(134217728)
m_l2Power(28) = CLng(268435456)
m_l2Power(29) = CLng(536870912)
m_l2Power(30) = CLng(1073741824)
End Sub
Private Function LShift(lValue, iShiftBits)
If iShiftBits = 0 Then
LShift = lValue
Exit Function
ElseIf iShiftBits = 31 Then
If lValue And 1 Then
LShift = &H80000000
Else
LShift = 0
End If
Exit Function
ElseIf iShiftBits < 0 Or iShiftBits > 31 Then
Err.Raise 6
End If
If (lValue And m_l2Power(31 - iShiftBits)) Then
LShift = ((lValue And m_lOnBits(31 - (iShiftBits + 1))) * m_l2Power(iShiftBits)) Or &H80000000
Else
LShift = ((lValue And m_lOnBits(31 - iShiftBits)) * m_l2Power(iShiftBits))
End If
End Function
Private Function RShift(lValue, iShiftBits)
If iShiftBits = 0 Then
RShift = lValue
Exit Function
ElseIf iShiftBits = 31 Then
If lValue And &H80000000 Then
RShift = 1
Else
RShift = 0
End If
Exit Function
ElseIf iShiftBits < 0 Or iShiftBits > 31 Then
Err.Raise 6
End If
RShift = (lValue And &H7FFFFFFE) \ m_l2Power(iShiftBits)
If (lValue And &H80000000) Then
RShift = (RShift Or (&H40000000 \ m_l2Power(iShiftBits - 1)))
End If
End Function
Private Function RotateLeft(lValue, iShiftBits)
RotateLeft = LShift(lValue, iShiftBits) Or RShift(lValue, (32 - iShiftBits))
End Function
Private Function AddUnsigned(lX, lY)
Dim lX4
Dim lY4
Dim lX8
Dim lY8
Dim lResult
lX8 = lX And &H80000000
lY8 = lY And &H80000000
lX4 = lX And &H40000000
lY4 = lY And &H40000000
lResult = (lX And &H3FFFFFFF) + (lY And &H3FFFFFFF)
If lX4 And lY4 Then
lResult = lResult Xor &H80000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
ElseIf lX4 Or lY4 Then
If lResult And &H40000000 Then
lResult = lResult Xor &HC0000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
Else
lResult = lResult Xor &H40000000 Xor lX8 Xor lY8
End If
Else
lResult = lResult Xor lX8 Xor lY8
End If
AddUnsigned = lResult
End Function
Private Function F(x, y, z)
F = (x And y) Or ((Not x) And z)
End Function
Private Function G(x, y, z)
G = (x And z) Or (y And (Not z))
End Function
Private Function H(x, y, z)
H = (x Xor y Xor z)
End Function
Private Function I(x, y, z)
I = (y Xor (x Or (Not z)))
End Function
Private Sub FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac)
a = AddUnsigned(a, AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(F(b, c, d), x), ac))
a = RotateLeft(a, s)
a = AddUnsigned(a, b)
End Sub
Private Sub GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac)
a = AddUnsigned(a, AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(G(b, c, d), x), ac))
a = RotateLeft(a, s)
a = AddUnsigned(a, b)
End Sub
Private Sub HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac)
a = AddUnsigned(a, AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(H(b, c, d), x), ac))
a = RotateLeft(a, s)
a = AddUnsigned(a, b)
End Sub
Private Sub II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac)
a = AddUnsigned(a, AddUnsigned(AddUnsigned(I(b, c, d), x), ac))
a = RotateLeft(a, s)
a = AddUnsigned(a, b)
End Sub
Private Function ConvertToWordArray(sMessage)
Dim lMessageLength
Dim lNumberOfWords
Dim lWordArray()
Dim lBytePosition
Dim lByteCount
Dim lWordCount
Const MODULUS_BITS = 512
Const CONGRUENT_BITS = 448
lMessageLength = Len(sMessage)
lNumberOfWords = (((lMessageLength + ((MODULUS_BITS - CONGRUENT_BITS) \ BITS_TO_A_BYTE)) \ (MODULUS_BITS \ BITS_TO_A_BYTE)) + 1) * (MODULUS_BITS \ BITS_TO_A_WORD)
ReDim lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 1)
lBytePosition = 0
lByteCount = 0
Do Until lByteCount >= lMessageLength
lWordCount = lByteCount \ BYTES_TO_A_WORD
lBytePosition = (lByteCount Mod BYTES_TO_A_WORD) * BITS_TO_A_BYTE
lWordArray(lWordCount) = lWordArray(lWordCount) Or LShift(Asc(Mid(sMessage, lByteCount + 1, 1)), lBytePosition)
lByteCount = lByteCount + 1
Loop
lWordCount = lByteCount \ BYTES_TO_A_WORD
lBytePosition = (lByteCount Mod BYTES_TO_A_WORD) * BITS_TO_A_BYTE
lWordArray(lWordCount) = lWordArray(lWordCount) Or LShift(&H80, lBytePosition)
lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 2) = LShift(lMessageLength, 3)
lWordArray(lNumberOfWords - 1) = RShift(lMessageLength, 29)
ConvertToWordArray = lWordArray
End Function
Private Function WordToHex(lValue)
Dim lByte
Dim lCount
For lCount = 0 To 3
lByte = RShift(lValue, lCount * BITS_TO_A_BYTE) And m_lOnBits(BITS_TO_A_BYTE - 1)
WordToHex = WordToHex & Right("0" & Hex(lByte), 2)
Next
End Function
Public Function MD5(sMessage)
module_md5.SetUpArrays
Dim x
Dim k
Dim AA
Dim BB
Dim CC
Dim DD
Dim a
Dim b
Dim c
Dim d
Const S11 = 7
Const S12 = 12
Const S13 = 17
Const S14 = 22
Const S21 = 5
Const S22 = 9
Const S23 = 14
Const S24 = 20
Const S31 = 4
Const S32 = 11
Const S33 = 16
Const S34 = 23
Const S41 = 6
Const S42 = 10
Const S43 = 15
Const S44 = 21
x = ConvertToWordArray(sMessage)
a = &H67452301
b = &HEFCDAB89
c = &H98BADCFE
d = &H10325476
For k = 0 To UBound(x) Step 16
AA = a
BB = b
CC = c
DD = d
FF a, b, c, d, x(k + 0), S11, &HD76AA478
FF d, a, b, c, x(k + 1), S12, &HE8C7B756
FF c, d, a, b, x(k + 2), S13, &H242070DB
FF b, c, d, a, x(k + 3), S14, &HC1BDCEEE
FF a, b, c, d, x(k + 4), S11, &HF57C0FAF
FF d, a, b, c, x(k + 5), S12, &H4787C62A
FF c, d, a, b, x(k + 6), S13, &HA8304613
FF b, c, d, a, x(k + 7), S14, &HFD469501
FF a, b, c, d, x(k + 8), S11, &H698098D8
FF d, a, b, c, x(k + 9), S12, &H8B44F7AF
FF c, d, a, b, x(k + 10), S13, &HFFFF5BB1
FF b, c, d, a, x(k + 11), S14, &H895CD7BE
FF a, b, c, d, x(k + 12), S11, &H6B901122
FF d, a, b, c, x(k + 13), S12, &HFD987193
FF c, d, a, b, x(k + 14), S13, &HA679438E
FF b, c, d, a, x(k + 15), S14, &H49B40821
GG a, b, c, d, x(k + 1), S21, &HF61E2562
GG d, a, b, c, x(k + 6), S22, &HC040B340
GG c, d, a, b, x(k + 11), S23, &H265E5A51
GG b, c, d, a, x(k + 0), S24, &HE9B6C7AA
GG a, b, c, d, x(k + 5), S21, &HD62F105D
GG d, a, b, c, x(k + 10), S22, &H2441453
GG c, d, a, b, x(k + 15), S23, &HD8A1E681
GG b, c, d, a, x(k + 4), S24, &HE7D3FBC8
GG a, b, c, d, x(k + 9), S21, &H21E1CDE6
GG d, a, b, c, x(k + 14), S22, &HC33707D6
GG c, d, a, b, x(k + 3), S23, &HF4D50D87
GG b, c, d, a, x(k + 8), S24, &H455A14ED
GG a, b, c, d, x(k + 13), S21, &HA9E3E905
GG d, a, b, c, x(k + 2), S22, &HFCEFA3F8
GG c, d, a, b, x(k + 7), S23, &H676F02D9
GG b, c, d, a, x(k + 12), S24, &H8D2A4C8A
HH a, b, c, d, x(k + 5), S31, &HFFFA3942
HH d, a, b, c, x(k + 8), S32, &H8771F681
HH c, d, a, b, x(k + 11), S33, &H6D9D6122
HH b, c, d, a, x(k + 14), S34, &HFDE5380C
HH a, b, c, d, x(k + 1), S31, &HA4BEEA44
HH d, a, b, c, x(k + 4), S32, &H4BDECFA9
HH c, d, a, b, x(k + 7), S33, &HF6BB4B60
HH b, c, d, a, x(k + 10), S34, &HBEBFBC70
HH a, b, c, d, x(k + 13), S31, &H289B7EC6
HH d, a, b, c, x(k + 0), S32, &HEAA127FA
HH c, d, a, b, x(k + 3), S33, &HD4EF3085
HH b, c, d, a, x(k + 6), S34, &H4881D05
HH a, b, c, d, x(k + 9), S31, &HD9D4D039
HH d, a, b, c, x(k + 12), S32, &HE6DB99E5
HH c, d, a, b, x(k + 15), S33, &H1FA27CF8
HH b, c, d, a, x(k + 2), S34, &HC4AC5665
II a, b, c, d, x(k + 0), S41, &HF4292244
II d, a, b, c, x(k + 7), S42, &H432AFF97
II c, d, a, b, x(k + 14), S43, &HAB9423A7
II b, c, d, a, x(k + 5), S44, &HFC93A039
II a, b, c, d, x(k + 12), S41, &H655B59C3
II d, a, b, c, x(k + 3), S42, &H8F0CCC92
II c, d, a, b, x(k + 10), S43, &HFFEFF47D
II b, c, d, a, x(k + 1), S44, &H85845DD1
II a, b, c, d, x(k + 8), S41, &H6FA87E4F
II d, a, b, c, x(k + 15), S42, &HFE2CE6E0
II c, d, a, b, x(k + 6), S43, &HA3014314
II b, c, d, a, x(k + 13), S44, &H4E0811A1
II a, b, c, d, x(k + 4), S41, &HF7537E82
II d, a, b, c, x(k + 11), S42, &HBD3AF235
II c, d, a, b, x(k + 2), S43, &H2AD7D2BB
II b, c, d, a, x(k + 9), S44, &HEB86D391
a = AddUnsigned(a, AA)
b = AddUnsigned(b, BB)
c = AddUnsigned(c, CC)
d = AddUnsigned(d, DD)
Next
MD5 = LCase(WordToHex(a) & WordToHex(b) & WordToHex(c) & WordToHex(d))
End Function
【讨论】：
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