如何在给定值列表和matplotlib中十六进制值的相应键的情况下制作颜色条？

Posted 2023-03-27

【中文标题】如何在给定值列表和matplotlib中十六进制值的相应键的情况下制作颜色条？

【英文标题】：How to make a colorbar given a list of values and the corresponding key of hex values in matplotlib?

【发布时间】：2022-01-08 12:32:48

【问题描述】：

我只是想让一个颜色条使用以下颜色来表示这些值。

vals=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49、50、52、53、54、55、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、65、66、67、69、78、81、84、91、139、187、203、296]

cols=['#b3b3b3', '#fefe6d', '#fefb6a', '#fefb6a', '#fefb6a', '#fef968', '#fef968', '#fef968', '#fef665' , '#fef665', '#fef665', '#fef462', '#fef462', '#fef462', '#fef25f', '#fef25f', '#fef25f', '#fef05c', '#fef05c' , '#fef05c', '#feed5a', '#feed5a', '#feed5a', '#feeb57', '#feeb57', '#feeb57', '#fee954', '#fee954', '#fee954' , '#fee751', '#fee751', '#fee751', '#fee54f', '#fee54f', '#fee54f', '#fee34c', '#fee34c', '#fee34c', '#fee149' , '#fee149', '#fee047', '#fee047', '#fede44', '#fede44', '#fede44', '#fedc42', '#fedc42', '#feda3f', '#feda3f' , '#fed83d', '#fed83d', '#fed83d', '#fed63b', '#fed63b', '#fed438', '#fed438', '#fed438', '#fed236', '#fed236' , '#fed236', '#fed034', '#fed034', '#fece31', '#fece31', '#fec82b', '#fec529', '#fec327', '#febd22', '#fc940d' , '#ec6504', '#de5502', '#652200']

【参考方案1】：

您可以使用ListedColormap 和BoundaryNorm 创建自定义颜色图。请注意，您需要比颜色数量多一个边界。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from  matplotlib.cm import ScalarMappable
from  matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, BoundaryNorm
import numpy as np

vals = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 78, 81, 84, 91, 139, 187, 203, 296]
cols = ['#b3b3b3', '#fefe6d', '#fefb6a', '#fefb6a', '#fefb6a', '#fef968', '#fef968', '#fef968', '#fef665', '#fef665', '#fef665', '#fef462', '#fef462', '#fef462', '#fef25f', '#fef25f', '#fef25f', '#fef05c', '#fef05c', '#fef05c', '#feed5a', '#feed5a', '#feed5a', '#feeb57', '#feeb57', '#feeb57', '#fee954', '#fee954', '#fee954', '#fee751', '#fee751', '#fee751', '#fee54f', '#fee54f', '#fee54f', '#fee34c', '#fee34c', '#fee34c', '#fee149', '#fee149', '#fee047', '#fee047', '#fede44', '#fede44', '#fede44', '#fedc42', '#fedc42', '#feda3f', '#feda3f', '#fed83d', '#fed83d', '#fed83d', '#fed63b', '#fed63b', '#fed438', '#fed438', '#fed438', '#fed236', '#fed236', '#fed236', '#fed034', '#fed034', '#fece31', '#fece31', '#fec82b', '#fec529', '#fec327', '#febd22', '#fc940d', '#ec6504', '#de5502', '#652200']
bounds = np.append(vals, vals[-1] + 1)

cmap = ListedColormap(cols)
norm = BoundaryNorm(bounds, ncolors=len(cols))

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 1))
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.5)
fig.colorbar(ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap),
             cax=ax, orientation='horizontal', label='Colorbar')
plt.show()

或者使用颜色之间的比例间距：

fig.colorbar(ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap), ticks=np.arange(0, 300, 25),
             cax=ax, orientation='horizontal', spacing='proportional')

如果您需要平滑的颜色图，可以使用LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list()。

from  matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap

cmap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('', list(zip(np.array(vals)/vals[-1], cols)))
norm = plt.Normalize(vals[0], vals[-1])

fig.colorbar(ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap), ticks=np.arange(0, 300, 25),
             cax=ax, orientation='horizontal')