在matplotlib中使颜色变暗或变亮
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假设我在Matplotlib中有颜色。也许它是一个字符串（'k'）或rgb元组（(0.5, 0.1, 0.8)）或甚至一些十六进制（#05FA2B）。 Matplotlib中是否有命令/便利功能可以让我变暗（或变亮）那种颜色。
即有没有matplotlib.pyplot.darken(c, 0.1)或类似的东西？我想我所希望的是，在幕后，将采用一种颜色，将其转换为HSL，然后将L值乘以某个给定因子（地板为0，加上1）或明确设置L值到给定值并返回修改后的颜色。
答案
这是my gist的一个函数，用于减轻我认为可以使用matplotlib已知的任何颜色格式的任何颜色。我认为设置金额> 1可能也会变暗。
def lighten_color(color, amount=0.5):
"""
Lightens the given color by multiplying (1-luminosity) by the given amount.
Input can be matplotlib color string, hex string, or RGB tuple.
Examples:
>> lighten_color('g', 0.3)
>> lighten_color('#F034A3', 0.6)
>> lighten_color((.3,.55,.1), 0.5)
"""
import matplotlib.colors as mc
import colorsys
try:
c = mc.cnames[color]
except:
c = color
c = colorsys.rgb_to_hls(*mc.to_rgb(c))
return colorsys.hls_to_rgb(c[0], 1 - amount * (1 - c[1]), c[2])
编辑：事实上，它确实变暗和变亮：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xs = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
plt.plot(xs, 0 * xs, color='b', lw=3)
plt.plot(xs, xs**2, color=lighten_color('b', 0.4), lw=3)
plt.plot(xs, -xs**2, color=lighten_color('b', 1.6), lw=3)
编辑2：删除函数中不需要的numpy依赖项。
另一答案
几个月前，我不得不解决这个问题。这个想法是让用户选择一种颜色（任何颜色），软件自动生成一个颜色图（这是用于科学目的的包的一部分）。
在任何情况下，这里都是我用来实现它的代码。你不需要对象的大部分内容，但它会给你你所要求的：
import math
class Color():
def __init__(self, color, fmt='rgb'):
self.__initialize__(color, fmt)
def __initialize__(self, color, fmt='rgb'):
if fmt == 'rgb':
self.rgb = (int(color[0]), int(color[1]), int(color[2]))
self.hex = self._rgb2hex(self.rgb)
self.hsv = self._rgb2hsv(self.rgb)
self.rgb0 = self.rgb[0] / 255, self.rgb[1] / 255, self.rgb[2] / 255
elif fmt == 'rgb0':
self.rgb = (int(color[0] * 255), int(color[1] * 255), int(color[2] * 255))
self.hex = self._rgb2hex(self.rgb)
self.hsv = self._rgb2hsv(self.rgb)
self.rgb0 = (color[0], color[1], color[2])
elif fmt == 'hex':
self.hex = color
self.rgb = self._hex2rgb(self.hex)
self.hsv = self._rgb2hsv(self.rgb)
self.rgb0 = self.rgb[0] / 255, self.rgb[1] / 255, self.rgb[2] / 255
elif fmt == 'hsv':
self.hsv = color
self.rgb = self._hsv2rgb(self.hsv)
self.hex = self._rgb2hex(self.rgb)
self.rgb0 = self.rgb[0] / 255, self.rgb[1] / 255, self.rgb[2] / 255
self.__automaticPalette__()
def __automaticPalette__(self):
self.rgbColors = []
self.hexColors = []
self.hsvColors = []
self.rgb0Colors = []
hsv = self.hsv
for i in range(255):
new_hsv = hsv[0], hsv[1], (1 / 255) * i
self.rgbColors.append(self._hsv2rgb(new_hsv))
self.hexColors.append(self._rgb2hex(self.rgbColors[-1]))
self.hsvColors.append(new_hsv)
r, g, b = self.rgbColors[-1]
self.rgb0Colors.append((r / 255, g / 255, b / 255))
def _testPalette(self, o=1):
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
if o == 1:
someX, someY = 0.5, 0.1
plt.figure()
s = 1
currentAxis = plt.gca()
for x in range(254):
currentAxis.add_patch(Rectangle((x * s, someY), s, 0.1, alpha=1, color=self.rgb0Colors[x]))
currentAxis.add_patch(Rectangle((5 * s, someY + 0.07), 30, 0.02, alpha=1, color=self.rgb0))
plt.ylim(0.1, 0.2)
plt.xlim(0, (x + 1) * s)
plt.show()
elif o == 2:
local = self.rgb0Colors[90:190][0:-1:10]
someX, someY = 0.5, 0.1
plt.figure()
s = 1
currentAxis = plt.gca()
for x in range(len(local)):
currentAxis.add_patch(Rectangle((x * s, someY), s, 0.1, alpha=1, color=local[x]))
currentAxis.add_patch(Rectangle((5 * s, someY + 0.07), 30, 0.02, alpha=1, color=self.rgb0))
plt.ylim(0.1, 0.2)
plt.xlim(0, (x + 1) * s)
plt.show()
def _hex2rgb(self, value):
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/214359/converting-hex-color-to-rgb-and-vice-versa
value = value.lstrip('#')
lv = len(value)
return tuple(int(value[i:i + int(lv / 3)], 16) for i in range(0, lv, int(lv / 3)))
def _rgb2hex(self, rgb):
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/214359/converting-hex-color-to-rgb-and-vice-versa
r = rgb[0]
g = rgb[1]
b = rgb[2]
return '#%02X%02X%02X' % (r, g, b)
def _hsv2rgb(self, hsv):
# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576919-python-rgb-and-hsv-conversion/
h, s, v = hsv
h = float(h)
s = float(s)
v = float(v)
h60 = h / 60.0
h60f = math.floor(h60)
hi = int(h60f) % 6
f = h60 - h60f
p = v * (1 - s)
q = v * (1 - f * s)
t = v * (1 - (1 - f) * s)
r, g, b = 0, 0, 0
if hi == 0:
r, g, b = v, t, p
elif hi == 1:
r, g, b = q, v, p
elif hi == 2:
r, g, b = p, v, t
elif hi == 3:
r, g, b = p, q, v
elif hi == 4:
r, g, b = t, p, v
elif hi == 5:
r, g, b = v, p, q
r, g, b = int(r * 255), int(g * 255), int(b * 255)
return r, g, b
def _rgb2hsv(self, rgb):
# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576919-python-rgb-and-hsv-conversion/
r, g, b = rgb
r, g, b = r / 255.0, g / 255.0, b / 255.0
mx = max(r, g, b)
mn = min(r, g, b)
df = mx - mn
if mx == mn:
h = 0
elif mx == r:
h = (60 * ((g - b) / df) + 360) % 360
elif mx == g:
h = (60 * ((b - r) / df) + 120) % 360
elif mx == b:
h = (60 * ((r - g) / df) + 240) % 360
if mx == 0:
s = 0
else:
s = df / mx
v = mx
return h, s, v
def getColor(self, fmt='rgb'):
if fmt == 'rgb':
return self.rgb
elif fmt == 'hex':
return self.hex
elif fmt == 'rgb0':
return self.rgb0
elif fmt == 'hsv':
return self.hsv
所以，如果你这样称呼它：
c = Color((51, 153, 255))
# c = Color((0.5, 0.1, 0.8), fmt='rgb0') # It should work with rgb0
# c = Color('#05d4fa', fmt='hex') # and hex but I don't remember if it was well tested so be careful (the conversions might be messy).
c._testPalette(1)
print(c.rgbColors)
它将返回给你：
， 还有这个：
[(0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 2), (0, 1, 3), (0, 2, 4), (0, 3, 5), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 7), (1, 4, 8), (1, 5, 9), (1, 6, 10), (2, 6, 11), (2, 7, 12), (2, 7, 13), (2, 8, 14), (2, 9, 15), (3, 9, 16), (3, 10, 17), (3, 10, 18), (3, 11, 19), (3, 12, 20), (4, 12, 21), (4, 13, 22), (4, 13, 23), (4, 14, 24), (4, 15, 25), (5, 15, 26), (5, 16, 27), (5, 16, 28), (5, 17, 29), (5, 18, 30), (6, 18, 31), (6, 19, 32), (6, 19, 32), (6, 20, 34), (6, 21, 35), (7, 21, 36), (7, 22, 36), (7, 22, 38), (7, 23, 39), (7, 24, 40), (8, 24, 40), (8, 25, 42), (8, 25, 43), (8, 26, 44), (8, 26, 44), (9, 27, 46), (9, 28, 47), (9, 28, 48), (9, 29, 48), (9, 30, 50), (10, 30, 51), (10, 31, 52), (10, 31, 52), (10, 32, 54), (10, 33, 55), (11, 33, 56), (11, 34, 56), (11, 34, 58), (11, 35, 59), (11, 36, 60), (12, 36, 60)以上是关于在matplotlib中使颜色变暗或变亮的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章