作者:webabcd
介绍
背水一战 Windows 10 之 文件系统
- 获取文件夹和文件
- 分组文件夹
- 排序过滤文件夹和文件
- 搜索文件
示例
1、演示如何获取文件夹和文件
FileSystem/FolderFileAccess.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.FileSystem.FolderFileAccess" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.FileSystem" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnGetFolder" Content="获取文件夹" Click="btnGetFolder_Click" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnGetFolderFile" Content="获取文件夹和文件" Click="btnGetFolderFile_Click" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
FileSystem/FolderFileAccess.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何获取文件夹和文件 * * KnownFolders - 已知文件夹 * GetFolderForUserAsync(User user, KnownFolderId folderId) - 获取指定用户的指定文件夹的 StorageFolder 对象 * user - 指定用户,传 null 则为当前用户(关于 User 相关请参见 /UserAndAccount/UserInfo.xaml) * folderId - 指定文件夹,一个 KnownFolderId 类型的枚举值,常用的有 RemovableDevices, DocumentsLibrary, PicturesLibrary, VideosLibrary, MusicLibrary 等,其他更多的请参见文档 * * StorageFolder - 文件夹操作类 * GetFileAsync(string name) - 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 StorageFile * 不存在的话会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常 * GetFolderAsync(string name) - 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 StorageFolder * 不存在的话会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常 * GetItemAsync(string name) - 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 IStorageItem * 不存在的话会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常 * GetFilesAsync() - 获取当前 StorageFolder 下的 StorageFile 集合 * GetFoldersAsync() = 获取当前 StorageFolder 下的 StorageFolder 集合 * GetItemsAsync() - 获取当前 StorageFolder 下的 IStorageItem 集合 * IsOfType(StorageItemTypes type) - 判断当前的 IStorageItem 是 StorageItemTypes.File 还是 StorageItemTypes.Folder * GetParentAsync() - 获取当前 StorageFolder 的父 StorageFolder,找不到就返回 null * IsEqual(IStorageItem item) - 判断两个 StorageFolder 是否相等 * TryGetItemAsync(string name) - 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 IStorageItem * 不存在的话会也不会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常,而是会返回 null * GetFolderFromPathAsync(string path) - 静态方法,用于获取指定路径的 StorageFolder 对象(没有权限的话会抛出异常) * GetIndexedStateAsync() - 返回当前文件夹的被系统索引的状态(一个 IndexedState 类型的枚举) * * StorageFile - 文件操作类 * IsOfType(StorageItemTypes type) - 判断当前的 IStorageItem 是 StorageItemTypes.File 还是 StorageItemTypes.Folder * GetParentAsync() - 获取当前 StorageFile 的父 StorageFolder,找不到就返回 null * IsEqual(IStorageItem item) - 判断两个 StorageFile 是否相等 * * * 注: * 1、如果想要获取任意路径的 StorageFolder 或 StorageFile 的话,可以通过 Picker 让用户选择 * 2、对于处理文件夹和文件来说,最好都放到 try catch 中,因为不定会有什么异常呢 * 3、StorageFile 和 StorageFolder 有很多共同的接口(File 代表文件,Folder 代表文件夹,Item 代表文件和文件夹),详见文档 * 4、对于处理 KnownFolders 已知文件夹来说 * 需要在 Package.appxmanifest 中配置 <Capability Name="removableStorage" />, <Capability Name="picturesLibrary" />, <Capability Name="videosLibrary" />, <Capability Name="musicLibrary" />, <Capability Name="documentsLibrary" /> * 5、对于处理 KnownFolderId.DocumentsLibrary 中的文件来说 * 需要在 Package.appxmanifest 对相关类型的文件配置好文件关联 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using Windows.Storage; using Windows.UI.Popups; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.FileSystem { public sealed partial class FolderFileAccess : Page { public FolderFileAccess() { this.InitializeComponent(); } // 获取文件夹 private async void btnGetFolder_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { lblMsg.Text = ""; // 获取当前用户的“图片库”的 StorageFolder 对象 StorageFolder picturesFolder = await KnownFolders.GetFolderForUserAsync(null, KnownFolderId.PicturesLibrary); // 获取“图片库”所包含的全部文件夹 IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList = await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync(); foreach (StorageFolder storageFolder in folderList) { lblMsg.Text += " " + storageFolder.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } // 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 StorageFolder,不存在的话会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常 try { await picturesFolder.GetFolderAsync("aabbcc"); } catch (FileNotFoundException) { await new MessageDialog("在“图片库”中找不到名为“aabbcc”的文件夹").ShowAsync(); } // 在当前 StorageFolder 下获取指定名字的 IStorageItem,不存在的话会也不会抛出 FileNotFoundException 异常,而是会返回 null IStorageItem item = await picturesFolder.TryGetItemAsync("aabbcc"); if (item == null) { await new MessageDialog("在“图片库”中找不到名为“aabbcc”的文件夹或文件").ShowAsync(); } } // 获取文件夹和文件 private async void btnGetFolderFile_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { lblMsg.Text = ""; // 获取当前用户的“图片库”的 StorageFolder 对象 StorageFolder picturesFolder = await KnownFolders.GetFolderForUserAsync(null, KnownFolderId.PicturesLibrary); // 获取“图片库”所包含的全部文件夹和文件 IReadOnlyList<IStorageItem> storageItems = await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync(); foreach (IStorageItem storageItem in storageItems) { if (storageItem.IsOfType(StorageItemTypes.Folder)) // 是文件夹 { StorageFolder storageFolder = storageItem as StorageFolder; lblMsg.Text += "folder: " + storageFolder.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } else if (storageItem.IsOfType(StorageItemTypes.File)) // 是文件 { StorageFile storageFile = storageItem as StorageFile; lblMsg.Text += "file: " + storageFile.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } } }
2、演示如何分组文件夹,排序过滤文件夹和文件,搜索文件
FileSystem/FolderFileQuery.xaml
<Page x:Class="Windows10.FileSystem.FolderFileQuery" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:Windows10.FileSystem" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnFolderGroup" Content="分组文件夹" Click="btnFolderGroup_Click" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnFolderFileOrderFilter" Content="排序过滤文件夹和文件" Click="btnFolderFileOrderFilter_Click" Margin="5" /> <Button Name="btnFileSearch" Content="搜索文件" Click="btnFileSearch_Click" Margin="5" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
FileSystem/FolderFileQuery.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何分组文件夹,排序过滤文件夹和文件,搜索文件 * * StorageFolder - 文件夹操作类。与分组,排序,过滤,搜索相关的接口如下(File 代表文件,Folder 代表文件夹,Item 代表文件和文件夹) * public StorageFileQueryResult CreateFileQuery(); * public StorageFileQueryResult CreateFileQuery(CommonFileQuery query); * public StorageFileQueryResult CreateFileQueryWithOptions(QueryOptions queryOptions); * public StorageFolderQueryResult CreateFolderQuery(); * public StorageFolderQueryResult CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery query); * public StorageFolderQueryResult CreateFolderQueryWithOptions(QueryOptions queryOptions); * public StorageItemQueryResult CreateItemQuery(); * public StorageItemQueryResult CreateItemQueryWithOptions(QueryOptions queryOptions); * public IAsyncOperation<IReadOnlyList<StorageFile>> GetFilesAsync(CommonFileQuery query, uint startIndex, uint maxItemsToRetrieve); * public IAsyncOperation<IReadOnlyList<StorageFile>> GetFilesAsync(CommonFileQuery query); * public IAsyncOperation<IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder>> GetFoldersAsync(CommonFolderQuery query, uint startIndex, uint maxItemsToRetrieve); * public IAsyncOperation<IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder>> GetFoldersAsync(CommonFolderQuery query); * public IAsyncOperation<IReadOnlyList<IStorageItem>> GetItemsAsync(uint startIndex, uint maxItemsToRetrieve); * public bool AreQueryOptionsSupported(QueryOptions queryOptions); * public bool IsCommonFolderQuerySupported(CommonFolderQuery query); * public bool IsCommonFileQuerySupported(CommonFileQuery query); * * CommonFolderQuery - 文件夹分组方式枚举 * * CommonFileQuery - 文件排序方式枚举 * * QueryOptions - 查询参数 * 可以通过 FolderDepth 指定是只查询根目录还是查询根目录和所有子目录 * 可以通过 IndexerOption 指定查询时,如何使用系统索引 * 可以指定 CommonFolderQuery * 可以指定 CommonFileQuery 和需要过滤的文件类型 * 通过 SetPropertyPrefetch(), SetThumbnailPrefetch() 可以预加载指定的属性和指定规格的缩略图(耗费更多的资源,加快检索速度) * * StorageFileQueryResult, StorageFolderQueryResult, StorageItemQueryResult - 查询实例 * 可以执行这个查询,可以获取这个查询的结果的总数,可以按指的 startIndex 和 maxNumber 执行这个查询,可以设置新的查询参数 * * * 注:以上接口不再一一说明,看看下面的示例代码就基本都明白了 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using Windows.Storage; using Windows.Storage.Search; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace Windows10.FileSystem { public sealed partial class FolderFileQuery : Page { public FolderFileQuery() { this.InitializeComponent(); } // 分组文件夹 private async void btnFolderGroup_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { lblMsg.Text = ""; StorageFolder picturesFolder = await KnownFolders.GetFolderForUserAsync(null, KnownFolderId.PicturesLibrary); // 文件夹按月分组查询参数,其他多种分组方式请参见 CommonFolderQuery 枚举 CommonFolderQuery folderQuery = CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth; // 判断一下 picturesFolder 是否支持指定的查询参数 if (picturesFolder.IsCommonFolderQuerySupported(folderQuery)) { // 创建查询 StorageFolderQueryResult queryResult = picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(folderQuery); // 执行查询 IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList = await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync(); foreach (StorageFolder storageFolder in folderList) // 这里的 storageFolder 就是按月份分组后的月份文件夹(当然,物理上并没有月份文件夹) { IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> fileList = await storageFolder.GetFilesAsync(); lblMsg.Text += storageFolder.Name + " (" + fileList.Count + ")"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; foreach (StorageFile file in fileList) // 月份文件夹内的文件 { lblMsg.Text += " " + file.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } } // 排序过滤文件夹和文件 private async void btnFolderFileOrderFilter_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { lblMsg.Text = ""; StorageFolder picturesFolder = await KnownFolders.GetFolderForUserAsync(null, KnownFolderId.PicturesLibrary); // 设置需要过滤的文件的扩展名 List<string> fileTypeFilter = new List<string>(); fileTypeFilter.Add(".txt"); // 创建一个查询参数,可以指定文件的排序方式和文件的类型过滤。文件的各种排序方式请参见 CommonFileQuery 枚举 QueryOptions query = new QueryOptions(CommonFileQuery.OrderByName, fileTypeFilter); // 默认是正序的,如果需要倒序的话可以这样写 SortEntry se = query.SortOrder[0]; se.AscendingOrder = false; query.SortOrder.RemoveAt(0); query.SortOrder.Add(se); // 判断一下 picturesFolder 是否支持指定的查询参数 if (picturesFolder.AreQueryOptionsSupported(query)) { // 创建查询 StorageItemQueryResult queryResult = picturesFolder.CreateItemQueryWithOptions(query); // 执行查询 IReadOnlyList<IStorageItem> storageItems = await queryResult.GetItemsAsync(); foreach (IStorageItem storageItem in storageItems) { if (storageItem.IsOfType(StorageItemTypes.Folder)) // 是文件夹 { StorageFolder storageFolder = storageItem as StorageFolder; lblMsg.Text += "folder: " + storageFolder.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } else if (storageItem.IsOfType(StorageItemTypes.File)) // 是文件 { StorageFile storageFile = storageItem as StorageFile; lblMsg.Text += "file: " + storageFile.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } } // 搜索文件 private async void btnFileSearch_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 准备在“音乐库”中进行搜索 StorageFolder musicFolder = await KnownFolders.GetFolderForUserAsync(null, KnownFolderId.MusicLibrary); // 准备搜索所有类型的文件 List<string> fileTypeFilter = new List<string>(); fileTypeFilter.Add("*"); // 搜索的查询参数 QueryOptions queryOptions = new QueryOptions(CommonFileQuery.OrderByDate, fileTypeFilter); // 指定 AQS 字符串(Advanced Query Syntax),参见 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/apps/aa965711.aspx queryOptions.UserSearchFilter = "五月天"; // 搜索根目录和所有子目录 queryOptions.FolderDepth = FolderDepth.Deep; // 根据指定的参数创建一个查询 StorageFileQueryResult fileQuery = musicFolder.CreateFileQueryWithOptions(queryOptions); lblMsg.Text = "在音乐库中搜索“五月天”,结果如下:"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 开始搜索,并返回检索到的文件列表 IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> files = await fileQuery.GetFilesAsync(); if (files.Count == 0) { lblMsg.Text += "什么都没搜到"; } else { foreach (StorageFile file in files) { lblMsg.Text += file.Name; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } } }
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