一、常量
不允许重复定义
const a=‘HELLO‘ const a=‘world‘//报错Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier ‘a‘ has already been declared
const a=‘HELLO‘ a=‘world‘//Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
二 let使用
let:定义一个块级作用域的变量
需要先定义再使用;(不存在变量提升)
不能重复定义
普通变量(var 定义的):
这叫做变量提升:先使用变量,然后在定义变量
console.log(a);//不报错 undefined var a=100
相当于
var b; console.log(b);
b=100; console.log(b)
let定义的(Es6新增)
不存在变量提升
console.log(c);//报错:Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined let c=10;
let是一个块级作用域的变量:
let c = 100; if(10> 9){ let c=200; console.log(c); } console.log(c); // var c = 300
结果:200,100
var 定义的话
var c = 100; if(10> 9){ var c=200; console.log(c); } onsole.log(c);
结果:200,200
var i=10; var arr = [22,33,44,55] for(let i=0;i< arr.length;i++){ } if(i>9){ console.log(i+10); }
结果:20
三,js基本数据类型
js的数据类型: string array number null undefined boolean object 基本数据类型:string number null undefined boolean 引用类型:array object
const obj = { name: "谢小二", age: 22 } var obj2 = obj; obj2.age = 90 console.log(obj.age);
结果:90
基本数据类型引用只是引用了值,改变互不影响 a=10 b=a b=20 a根本没变 而引用类型的引用引用的是内存地址,一个改变另一个也跟的改变,如上述代码
四 模板字符串
通过反引号来使用,字符串当中可以使用变量
可以当作普通字符串来处理
可以使用多行字符串
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <ul id="ul"> </ul> </body> <script> var name=‘陈太章‘ console.log(`我的名字叫${name}`) document.getElementById(‘ul‘).innerHTML=` <li>赵俊明喜欢搞基</li> <li>肖博雅喜欢被搞</li> <li>路宁喜欢我给他戴帽子</li> ` </script> </html>
五 解构变量
类型要一致,如果是对象的话字段名称要一致
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> // let [a,b,c,d]=[11,22,33,44]; // console.log(a);//11 // console.log(d);//44 // let [a,b,c,[d]] = [89,90,99,[100]]; // console.log(a);//89 // console.log(c);//99 // console.log(d);//100 let obj={ name:‘aaa‘, sex:‘male‘ } let {name,sex}=obj; console.log(name);//aaa console.log(sex);//male </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
六对象的扩展
对象的扩展
对象当中的属性可以简写
对象当中的方法也可以简写
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> var username = ‘长安大学‘; var addr = ‘陕西西安‘; function fun() { alert(‘it is very beautiful‘) } //注意字段要保持一致 var obj = { username, addr, fun, }; console.log(obj.username); obj.fun() // var useranme = $("#text1").val(); // var password = $("#text2").val(); // $.get(url,{useranme,password},function(){ // // // }) </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
七、函数的扩展
函数的扩展 可以给函数默认参数 剩余参数:function fun(a,...b ){ } fun(11,22,33) 则:b = [22,33]
默认参数
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> function aa(name=‘渣渣辉‘) { console.log(name) } aa() </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
剩余参数:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> // function aa(name=‘渣渣辉‘) { // console.log(name) // } // aa() function bb(a,...b) { console.log(a); console.log(b); } bb(‘渣渣辉‘,‘古天乐‘,‘陈小春‘,‘贪玩蓝月‘) </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
结果:
a=渣渣辉
b=["古天乐","陈小春","贪玩蓝月"]
八、数组的扩展
1)判断数组当中是否存在某个数值
indexOf 有就找出索引,没有则输出-1
<script> aa=[11,22,33,44,55,66]; console.log(aa.indexOf(55));//4 console.log(aa.indexOf(45))//-1 </script>
includes 有则显示true没有则显示false
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> aa=[11,22,33,44,55,66]; // console.log(aa.indexOf(55)); // console.log(aa.indexOf(45)) console.log(aa.includes(55));//true console.log(aa.includes(45))//false </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
2)对数组的遍历
aa=[11,22,33,44,55,66]; aa.forEach(function (item,index) { console.log(item,‘----‘,index) })
3)map操作
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> aa=[11,22,33,44,55,66]; // console.log(aa.indexOf(55)); // console.log(aa.indexOf(45)) // // console.log(aa.includes(55));//true // console.log(aa.includes(45))//false // // aa.forEach(function (item,index) { // console.log(item,‘----‘,index) // }) arr=aa.map(function (item,index) { return item+1 }); console.log(arr)//[12,23,34,45,56,67] </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
4)对数组的过滤
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> aa=[11,22,33,44,55,66]; // console.log(aa.indexOf(55)); // console.log(aa.indexOf(45)) // // console.log(aa.includes(55));//true // console.log(aa.includes(45))//false // // aa.forEach(function (item,index) { // console.log(item,‘----‘,index) // }) // arr=aa.map(function (item,index) { // return item+1 // }); // console.log(arr)//[12,23,34,45,56,67] arr1=aa.filter(function (item,index) { return item>50 }); console.log(arr1)//[55,56] </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
九、类
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <script> Object.prototype.hobby=‘play game‘; function Person(name,age) { this.name=name; this.age=age; this.sayhello=function () { console.log(‘hello‘) } } Person.prototype.sayhello=function () { console.log(‘哈哈哈哈‘) }; Person.prototype.addr=‘北京‘; var p=new Person(‘ctz‘,21); p.sayhello(); console.log(p.addr); console.log(p.hobby) </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>
hello
北京
play game
大佬地址链接:
github:
https://github.com/ruanyf/es6tutorial/tree/gh-pages/docs