django 快速实现文件上传
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对于web开来说,用户登陆、注册、文件上传等是最基础的功能,针对不同的web框架,相关的文章非常多,但搜索之后发现大多都不具有完整性,对于web应用来说,包括数据库的创建,前端页面的开发,以及中间逻辑层的处理三部分。
本操作的环境:
===================
deepin linux 2013(基于ubuntu)
python 2.7
Django 1.6.2
===================
创建项目与应用
#创建项目 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite2 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite2 #在项目下创建一个disk应用 fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite2$ python manage.py startapp disk
目录结构如下:
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,将disk应用添加进去:
# Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = ( \'django.contrib.admin\', \'django.contrib.auth\', \'django.contrib.contenttypes\', \'django.contrib.sessions\', \'django.contrib.messages\', \'django.contrib.staticfiles\', \'disk\', )
设计Model(数据库)
打开mysite2/disk/models.py文件,添加如下内容
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length = 30) headImg = models.FileField(upload_to = \'./upload/\') def __unicode__(self): return self.username
创建两个字段,username 用户存放用户名,headImg 用户存放上传文件的路径。
下面进行数据库的同步
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite2$ python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table disk_user You just installed Django\'s auth system, which means you don\'t have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 输入yes/no Username (leave blank to use \'fnngj\'): 用户名(默认当前系统用户名) Email address: fnngj@126.com 邮箱地址 Password: 密码 Password (again): 确认密码 Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)
最后生成的 disk_user 表就我是我们models.py 中所创建的类。Django 提供了他们之间的对应关系。
创建视图
1、打开mysite2/disk/views.py 文件
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response # Create your views here. def register(request): return render_to_response(\'register.html\',{})
2、创建注册页面
先在mysite2/disk/目录下创建templates目录,接着在mysite2/disk/templates/目录下创建register.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>register</h1> </body> </html>
3、设置模板路径
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,在底部添加:
#template TEMPLATE_DIRS=( \'/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite2/disk/templates\' )
4、设置URL
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns(\'\', # Examples: # url(r\'^$\', \'mysite2.views.home\', name=\'home\'), # url(r\'^blog/\', include(\'blog.urls\')), url(r\'^admin/\', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r\'^disk/\', \'disk.views.register\'), )
5、启动服务
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite2$ python manage.py runserver Validating models... 0 errors found May 20, 2014 - 13:49:21 Django version 1.6.2, using settings \'mysite2.settings\' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
6、访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/
注册页面可以正常打开说明整个过程已经走通。这也是Django开发的基本套路。读者一定要熟练理解这个基本套路。
完善表单提交
通过上面的过程,我们只是把过程串了起来,细心你一定发现,我们的register.html 文件,并没有创建用户提交的表单,views.py文件中也并没有对用户提交的信息做处理。下面我们就针对这两个文件进一步的补充。
打开mysite2/disk/templates/register.html 文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <h1>register</h1> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" > {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value="ok"/> </form> </body> </html>
打开mysite2/disk/views.py 文件:
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django import forms from django.http import HttpResponse # Create your views here. class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField() headImg = forms.FileField() def register(request): if request.method == "POST": uf = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES) if uf.is_valid(): return HttpResponse(\'upload ok!\') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response(\'register.html\',{\'uf\':uf})
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面
填写用户名,选择本地上传文件,点击“ok”
抛出一个错误,这个错误比较友好,所以不是我们操作过程中的小错误。
打开mysite2/mysite2/settings.py文件,将下面一行代码注释:
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( \'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware\', \'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware\', #\'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware\', \'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware\', \'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware\', \'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware\', )
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面,我们就可以正常将用户名和文件提交了!
将数据写入数据库
虽然已经实现了数据的提交,但用户名与文件并没有真正的写入到数据库。我们来进一步的完善mysite2/disk/views.py 文件:
#coding=utf-8 from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django import forms from django.http import HttpResponse from disk.models import User # Create your views here. class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField() headImg = forms.FileField() def register(request): if request.method == "POST": uf = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES) if uf.is_valid(): #获取表单信息 username = uf.cleaned_data[\'username\'] headImg = uf.cleaned_data[\'headImg\'] #写入数据库 user = User() user.username = username user.headImg = headImg user.save() return HttpResponse(\'upload ok!\') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response(\'register.html\',{\'uf\':uf})
再次刷新http://127.0.0.1:8000/disk/ 页面,完成文件的上传。
在项目的目录下,我们居然发现了用户提交的文件。
那数据库中保存的是什么呢?
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite2$ sqlite3 db.sqlite3 SQLite version 3.7.15.2 2013-01-09 11:53:05 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite> select * from disk_user; 1 | Alen | upload/desk.jpg sqlite>
通过查看数据库发现,我们数据库中存放的并非用户上传的文件本身,而是文件的存放路径。
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