C 语言标准库函数

Posted 2023-03-29

如何查看，C 语言标准库函数，以及它的使用方法。

参考技术A C语言标准库函数

标准io函数
Standard C I/O
clearerr() clears errors
fclose() close a file
feof() true if at the end-of-file
ferror() checks for a file error
fflush() writes the contents of the output buffer
fgetc() get a character from a stream
fgetpos() get the file position indicator
fgets() get a string of characters from a stream
fopen() open a file
fprintf() print formatted output to a file
fputc() write a character to a file
fputs() write a string to a file
fread() read from a file
freopen() open an existing stream with a different name
fscanf() read formatted input from a file
fseek() move to a specific location in a file
fsetpos() move to a specific location in a file
ftell() returns the current file position indicator
fwrite() write to a file
getc() read a character from a file
getchar() read a character from STDIN
gets() read a string from STDIN
perror() displays a string version of the current error to STDERR
printf() write formatted output to STDOUT
putc() write a character to a stream
putchar() write a character to STDOUT
puts() write a string to STDOUT
remove() erase a file
rename() rename a file
rewind() move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file
scanf() read formatted input from STDIN
setbuf() set the buffer for a specific stream
setvbuf() set the buffer and size for a specific stream
sprintf() write formatted output to a buffer
sscanf() read formatted input from a buffer
tmpfile() return a pointer to a temporary file
tmpnam() return a unique filename
ungetc() puts a character back into a stream
vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf write formatted output with variable argument lists

标准字符/字符串处理函数
atof() converts a string to a double
atoi() converts a string to an integer
atol() converts a string to a long
isalnum() true if alphanumeric
isalpha() true if alphabetic
iscntrl() true if control character
isdigit() true if digit
isgraph() true if a graphical character
islower() true if lowercase
isprint() true if a printing character
ispunct() true if punctuation
isspace() true if space
isupper() true if uppercase character
isxdigit() true if a hexidecimal character
memchr() searches an array for the first occurance of a character
memcmp() compares two buffers
memcpy() copies one buffer to another
memmove() moves one buffer to another
memset() fills a buffer with a character
strcat() concatenates two strings
strchr() finds the first occurance of a character in a string
strcmp() compares two strings
strcoll() compares two strings in accordance to the current locale
strcpy() copies one string to another
strcspn() searches one string for any characters in another
strerror() returns a text version of a given error code
strlen() returns the length of a given string
strncat() concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings
strncmp() compares a certain amount of characters of two strings
strncpy() copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another
strpbrk() finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string
strrchr() finds the last occurance of a character in a string
strspn() returns the length of a substring of characters of a string
strstr() finds the first occurance of a substring of characters
strtod() converts a string to a double
strtok() finds the next token in a string
strtol() converts a string to a long
strtoul() converts a string to an unsigned long
strxfrm() converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions
tolower() converts a character to lowercase
toupper() converts a character to uppercase

标准数学函数
abs() absolute value
acos() arc cosine
asin() arc sine
atan() arc tangent
atan2() arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants
ceil() the smallest integer not less than a certain value
cos() cosine
cosh() hyperbolic cosine
div() returns the quotient and remainder of a division
exp() returns "e" raised to a given power
fabs() absolute value for floating-point numbers
floor() returns the largest integer not greater than a given value
fmod() returns the remainder of a division
frexp() decomposes a number into scientific notation
labs() absolute value for long integers
ldexp() computes a number in scientific notation
ldiv() returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form
log() natural logarithm
log10() natural logarithm, in base 10
modf() decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts
pow() returns a given number raised to another number
sin() sine
sinh() hyperbolic sine
sqrt() square root
tan() tangent
tanh() hyperbolic tangent

标准时间/日期函数
asctime() a textual version of the time
clock() returns the amount of time that the program has been running
ctime() returns a specifically formatted version of the time
difftime() the difference between two times
gmtime() returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time
localtime() returns a pointer to the current time
mktime() returns the calendar version of a given time
strftime() returns individual elements of the date and time
time() returns the current calendar time of the system

标准内存管理函数
calloc() allocates a two-dimensional chunk of memory
free() makes memory available for future allocation
malloc() allocates memory
realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory

其它标准函数
abort() stops the program
assert() stops the program if an expression isn';t true
atexit() sets a function to be called when the program exits
bsearch() perform a binary search
exit() stop the program
getenv() get enviornment information about a variable
longjmp() start execution at a certain point in the program
qsort() perform a quicksort
raise() send a signal to the program
rand() returns a pseudorandom number
setjmp() set execution to start at a certain point
signal() register a function as a signal handler
srand() initialize the random number generator
system() perform a system call
va_arg() use variable length parameter lists

参考资料：http://hi.baidu.com/wangjianzhong1981/blog/item/0edc062b96ff46ffe7cd40a6.html

参考技术B 装msdn c++的帮助文件本回答被提问者采纳

什么是C语言标准函数库？平常用的哪些函数属于标准函数库？

什么是C语言标准函数库？平常用的哪些函数属于标准函数库？

你会发现，有一些头文件（比如stdlib.h,stdio.h）每一个编译器都有，而里面的函数（如printf,malloc）每一个编译器都支持。这些函数组成的集合就是标准函数库。平常用的函数基本都属于标准函数库。
ANSI对此是有规定的 参考技术A 楼上说的不是很准确，C语言标准函数库不是跟编程软件相关的。C语言的标准变化了好几次，现在说的标准C语言指的是99年制定的C99标准。其中定义的函数库就是C语言标准函数库。具体有哪些你可以查询《C语言参考手册(C:A Reference Manual,Fifth Edition》。
但事实上，每个C/C++编译器都带有自身的函数库，一般都兼容C标准函数库，但也有个别的有些细节上的出入。所以，一般你只要考察你所用编译器的函数库就行了（通常都可以从帮助中得到）。 参考技术B 要看你是用什么版本的C (如TC\ VC... )
C语言标准函数库就是这些编程软件本身自带的常用的函数库.
常见的如math.h 等等本回答被提问者采纳 参考技术C 想想你自己定义的函数，如过你定义了一些函数，就可以看成你制作了一个函数库，只不过你的函数都在程序上，所以不需要包含头文件，如过把你自己定义的函数做成.h文件，就可以在主程序中直接调用 参考技术D 标准库函数是由C标准委员会制定的，用于简化程序员的工作量, 他跟具体的编译器没有关系, 每个标准编译器都应该包括它们.

C的标准函数有很多，随着你学习的深入你会慢慢了解的