ContentProvider详解

Posted 2020-08-19

 作用：把一个App中的数据库通过Url的形式共享出来，供其他App使用。

首先在App1中创建一个数据库，用SQLiteOpenHelper

 1 public class MyOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
 2 
 3     public MyOpenHelper(Context context){
 4         super(context,"Account.db",null,1);
 5     }
 6     @Override
 7     public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
 8         db.execSQL("create table info(_id integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20),money varchar(10))");
 9         db.execSQL("insert into info(name, money) values(?,?)",new String[]{"张三","5000"});
10         ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
11         cv.put("name","李四");
12         cv.put("money","6000");
13         db.insert("info",null,cv);
14     }
15     @Override
16     public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
17     }
18 }

 

创建数据库：

1 MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper = new MyOpenHelper(this);
2 myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();

 

 

然后用过ContentProvider把数据库共享出来，首先看代码：

public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider {
    //定义一个Uri路径匹配器   (匹配不成功的时候会返回一个NO_MATCH返回一个-1)
    private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
    private static final int QUERYSUCESS = 0;
    private static final int INSERTSUCESS = 1;
    private static final int UPADTESUCESS = 2;
    private static final int DELETESUCESS = 3;
    //创建一个静态代码块，在这里添加Uri
    static {
        /**
         * authority 注意：和清单文件里面定义的一样 com.coderwei.provider/query
         */
        sURIMatcher.addURI("com.coderwei.provider","query",QUERYSUCESS );
        sURIMatcher.addURI("com.coderwei.provider","insert",INSERTSUCESS );
        sURIMatcher.addURI("com.coderwei.provider","update",UPADTESUCESS );
        sURIMatcher.addURI("com.coderwei.provider","delete",DELETESUCESS );
    }

    private MyOpenHelper myOpenHelper;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        //初始化MyOpenHelper
        myOpenHelper = new MyOpenHelper(getContext());
        return false;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        if (sURIMatcher.match(uri)==QUERYSUCESS){
            //说明路径匹配成功
            SQLiteDatabase db = myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            Cursor cursor = db.query("info",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
            //db.close();
            //这里不能关闭Cursor
            return cursor;
        }else {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("uri路径不匹配");
        }
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }
    
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        if (sURIMatcher.match(uri)==INSERTSUCESS){
            SQLiteDatabase db = myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            long insert = db.insert("info",null,values);
            Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("com.coderwei.insert/"+insert);
            //db.close();
            return uri1;
        }else {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("uri路径不匹配");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        if (sURIMatcher.match(uri)==DELETESUCESS){
            SQLiteDatabase db = myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            int delete = db.delete("info",selection,selectionArgs);
            //db.close();
            return delete;
        }else {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("uri路径不匹配");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        if (sURIMatcher.match(uri)== UPADTESUCESS){
            SQLiteDatabase db = myOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            int update = db.update("info",values,selection,selectionArgs);
            //db.close();
            return update;
        }else {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("uri路径不匹配");
        }
    }
}

代码很长，但是很简单，主要把上面四个增删改查方法实现就行，上面的db.close()关闭的时候报错了，所以就注释掉了，关不关都可以。

Insert方法返回的是一个Url对象，直接自己写一个就行了。

 

记得在Manifest.xml中配置ContentProvider：

<provider
            android:authorities="com.coderwei.provider"
            android:exported="true"
            android:name=".MyProvider">
 </provider>

android:authorities  自己随便给一个字符串，

android:exported="true"一定要写上这句，这句话表示可以被另一个Application的组件启动，没写可能会报错。

sURIMatcher.addURI("com.coderwei.provider","query",QUERYSUCESS );中的com.coderwei.provider就是这个字符串。


然后就是来到App2了，先看代码：

 1 public class MainActivity extends Activity  {
 2 
 3     @Override
 4     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 5         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 6         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 7     }
 8     public void click1(View v){
 9         doQuery();
10     }
11     public void click2(View v){
12         doInsert();
13     }
14     public void click3(View v){
15         doDelete();
16     }
17     public void click4(View v){
18         doUpdate();
19     }
20     
21     private void doQuery(){
22         Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.coderwei.provider/query");
23         Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri,new String[]{"name","money"},null,null,null);
24 
25         if (cursor!=null){
26             while (cursor.moveToNext()){
27                 String name = cursor.getString(0);
28                 String money = cursor.getString(1);
29                 System.out.println("name:"+name+"  money: "+money);
30             }
31         }
32     }
33 
34     private void doInsert(){
35         Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.coderwei.provider/insert");
36         ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
37         cv.put("name","王五");
38         cv.put("money","800");
39         Uri uri1 = getContentResolver().insert(uri,cv);
40         System.out.println("插入uri1:"+uri1);
41     }
42 
43     private void doDelete(){
44         Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.coderwei.provider/delete");
45         int delete = getContentResolver().delete(uri,"name=?",new String[]{"王五"});
46         System.out.print("刪除了： "+delete);
47     }
48 
49     private void doUpdate(){
50         Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.coderwei.provider/update");
51         ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
52         cv.put("money","9000");
53         int update = getContentResolver().update(uri,cv,"name=?",new String[]{"王五"});
54         System.out.println("更新了："+update);
55     }
56 }

里面就是四个增删改查方法，就Query稍微麻烦一点，查询的结果返回一个Cursor对象，然后把这个Cursor对象的内容取出来就行了，