在openstack上创建第一个虚拟机
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一、创建虚拟网络
第一次创建虚拟机，使用命令行来创建
在控制节点上，加载 admin 凭证来获取管理员能执行的命令访问权限
[[email protected] ~]# source admin-openstack.sh
创建提供者网络
[[email protected] ~]# neutron net-create --shared --provider:physical_network public --provider:network_type flat public-net Created a new network: +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | | | created_at | 2016-11-09T17:03:20 | | description | | | id | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | | ipv4_address_scope | | | ipv6_address_scope | | | mtu | 1500 | | name | public-net | | port_security_enabled | True | | provider:network_type | flat | | provider:physical_network | public | | provider:segmentation_id | | | router:external | False | | shared | True | | status | ACTIVE | | subnets | | | tags | | | tenant_id | 53f72af1420a4d098d48f2c82d7e9ec7 | | updated_at | 2016-11-09T17:03:20 | +---------------------------+--------------------------------------+ #参数解释 #--provider:physical_network网络类型选项，在配置文件中设置的为public，public映射的是eth0端口 #--provider:network_type 提供者的网络类型flat #public-net是提供者网络的名称，按照自己的意愿定义
查看已经创建的网络
[[email protected] ~]# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+------------+---------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+------------+---------+ | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | public-net | | +--------------------------------------+------------+---------+
创建子网
[[email protected] ~]# neutron subnet-create --name public-subnet --allocation-pool start=192.168.56.100,end=192.168.56.200 --dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 192.168.56.2 public-net 192.168.56.0/24 Created a new subnet: +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | allocation_pools | {"start": "192.168.56.100", "end": "192.168.56.200"} | | cidr | 192.168.56.0/24 | | created_at | 2016-11-10T02:56:27 | | description | | | dns_nameservers | 223.5.5.5 | | enable_dhcp | True | | gateway_ip | 192.168.56.2 | | host_routes | | | id | 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 | | ip_version | 4 | | ipv6_address_mode | | | ipv6_ra_mode | | | name | public-subnet | | network_id | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | | subnetpool_id | | | tenant_id | 53f72af1420a4d098d48f2c82d7e9ec7 | | updated_at | 2016-11-10T02:56:27 | +-------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
查看创建的子网
[[email protected] ~]# neutron subnet-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | cidr | allocation_pools | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 | public-subnet | 192.168.56.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.56.100", "end": "192.168.56.200"} | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
再次执行neutron net-list，可以看到创建的网络与子网已经关联在一起
[[email protected] ~]# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | 2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b | public-net | 6e217cbe-3201-4b47-8765-84ba932afa93 192.168.56.0/24 | +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
二、创建m1.nano规格的主机
1、创建一个nano规格的主机
默认的最小规格的主机需要512 MB内存。对于环境中计算节点内存不足4 GB的，我们推荐创建只需要64 MB的m1.nano规格的主机。若单纯为了测试的目的，请使用m1.nano规格的主机来加载CirrOS镜像
[[email protected] ~]# openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano +----------------------------+---------+ | Field | Value | +----------------------------+---------+ | OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled | False | | OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral | 0 | | disk | 1 | | id | 0 | | name | m1.nano | | os-flavor-access:is_public | True | | ram | 64 | | rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | swap | | | vcpus | 1 | +----------------------------+---------+ #--id，主机类型的ID #--vcpus，创建主机的cpu的数量 #--ram，内存，默认单位为M #--disk，硬盘，默认单位为G
[[email protected] ~]# openstack flavor list +----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is Public | +----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 0 | m1.nano | 64 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True | | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | 4 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | 8 | True | +----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ #ID为0的是刚才创建的，生产环境中可以依据自己的需要进行创建
2、生成一个键值对
（1）导入demo用户的环境变量
[[email protected] ~]# cat demo-openstack.sh export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo export OS_USERNAME=demo export OS_PASSWORD=DEMO_PASS export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
[[email protected] ~]# source demo-openstack.sh
生成密钥对
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -q -N "" Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
在openstack上创建密钥对
[[email protected] ~]# openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | fingerprint | 76:e0:a8:ff:ec:20:43:40:5d:42:0a:f1:90:1f:78:38 | | name | mykey | | user_id | 6762a6adffd140b1906bbe69dbf42518 | +-------------+-------------------------------------------------+
验证密钥对是否创建成功
[[email protected] ~]# openstack keypair list +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Fingerprint | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+ | mykey | 76:e0:a8:ff:ec:20:43:40:5d:42:0a:f1:90:1f:78:38 | +-------+-------------------------------------------------+
3、增加安全组规则
默认情况下， default安全组适用于所有实例并且包括拒绝远程访问实例的防火墙规则。对诸如CirrOS这样的Linux镜像，至少允许ICMP (ping) 和安全shell(SSH)规则。
添加规则到default安全组
允许icmp [[email protected] ~]# openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | id | ca56bc9b-5f12-43ea-b72f-4638cfb55094 | | ip_protocol | icmp | | ip_range | 0.0.0.0/0 | | parent_group_id | a6670191-a77f-44f1-86b1-a617a5c7547d | | port_range | | | remote_security_group | | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
允许ssh连接 [[email protected] ~]# openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | id | 5457a51f-a177-4db3-bac5-5b8d1cfb939d | | ip_protocol | tcp | | ip_range | 0.0.0.0/0 | | parent_group_id | a6670191-a77f-44f1-86b1-a617a5c7547d | | port_range | 22:22 | | remote_security_group | | +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+
4、创建实例
[[email protected] ~]# openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros --nic net-id=2cbfb54c-b760-41e1-ba69-83131220463b --security-group default --key-name mykey provider-instance +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | Q9KXwLniQpoM | | config_drive | | | created | 2016-11-10T06:13:27Z | | flavor | m1.nano (0) | | hostId | | | id | 0006405c-db45-42b4-a65a-d4a2041e2e88 | | image | cirros (29d99654-ba91-4d04-8808-e1b8d16861fb) | | key_name | mykey | | name | provider-instance | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] | | progress | 0 | | project_id | 81e76ab533b14b448b1c6394bc5e4d86 | | properties | | | security_groups | [{u‘name‘: u‘default‘}] | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2016-11-10T06:13:28Z | | user_id | 6762a6adffd140b1906bbe69dbf42518 | +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ #--nic 这里使用网络的ID
查看已创建的主机
[[email protected] ~]# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | +--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+ | 0006405c-db45-42b4-a65a-d4a2041e2e88 | provider-instance | ACTIVE | public-net=192.168.56.101 | +--------------------------------------+-------------------+--------+---------------------------+
5、连接虚拟机
默认的用户名是cirros，密码是cubswin:)
[[email protected] ~]# ssh [email protected] [email protected]‘s password: $ sudo su - # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FA:16:3E:C5:10:81 inet addr:192.168.56.101 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fec5:1081/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:16003 (15.6 KiB) TX bytes:15456 (15.0 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
本文出自 “JackyWang” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://jackyxin.blog.51cto.com/1976631/1871606
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