rsync+inotify实现远程数据备份

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一、rsync的基本介绍

1、  什么是rsync

Rsync是一款开源的、快速的、多功能的、可以实现增量的本地货远程数据镜像同步备份的优秀工具,Rsync使用与unix,linux,windows等多种平台

2、  Rsync的特性

1)  支持拷贝特殊文件

2)  可以有排除指定文件或目录

3)  可以保持原来文件或目录的权限

4)  可以实现增量同步,即只同步变化的数据

5)  可以使用rcp,ssh等方式配合传输文件

6)  支持匿名或认证的进程模式传输

7) 传输前会进行压缩,适合异地备份

8)使用tcp 873端口

3、  rsync工作方式

1)  本地数据传输

Rsync [option] src dst

案例:

[[email protected] ~]# cd /opt/

[[email protected] opt]# mkdir test

[[email protected] opt]# touch test/11.txt

[[email protected] opt]# chmod -R 700 test/

[[email protected] opt]# ls

rh  test

[[email protected] opt]# ls -l

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26  2015 rh

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Sep  9 10:01 test

[[email protected] opt]# rsync -avz /opt/ /tmp/

(其中/opt/,仅仅把/opt/目录里面的内容同步过去,opt目录本身不同步,而/opt表示把opt目录以及内容全部同步到/tmp下)

sending incremental file list

created directory /tmp

./

rh/

test/

test/11.txt

sent 128 bytes  received 42 bytes  340.00 bytes/sec

total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

[[email protected] opt]# ls -l /tmp

total 8

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26  2015 rh

drwx------. 2 root root 4096 Sep  9 10:01 test

2)  远程传输(通过ssh传输)

拉取(pull):所有主机定时去找一台主机拉数据

 rsync [option] [[email protected][HOST….:src….dest

推送(push):一台主机负责把数据传给其他主机

 rsync [option]src….[[email protected]]host:dest

 

实例:

           服务器:server1.cn      IP: 192.168.119.128

           客户端:server2.cn      IP:  192.168.119.130

(在远程同步任务中,负责发起rsync同步操作的客户端称为发起端,而负责响应

来自客户端的rsync同步操作的服务器为备份源)

在server1服务器上

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa rsync

rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install xinetd

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

 

# default: off

# description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \

#       allows crc checksumming etc.

service rsync

{

        disable = no

        flags           = IPv6

        socket_type     = stream

        wait            = no

        user            = root

        server          = /usr/bin/rsync

        server_args     = --daemon

        log_on_failure  += USERID

}

[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd start

Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl |grep 873

LISTEN     0      64                       :::873                     :::*    

常用的选项:

-a 相当于-rlptgoD(经常使用)

-r :对子目录以递归模式处理

-p:保持文件原有权限

-z: --compress表示压缩传输(经常使用)

-p:显示传输速度(经常使用)

--delete 删除那些目标位置有而原始位置没有的文件

--exclude= 需要过滤的文件

-v显示同步过程的详细信息

实战:备份server1上/usr/local/nginx/html 到server2的/web-back上,创建用户reg1

 

在server1上配置如下

[[email protected] ~]# useradd rget1

[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘test123‘|passwd --stdin rget1

Changing password for user rget1.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/

[[email protected] html]# ld - /usr/local/nginx/html/

ld: -: No such file: No such file or directory

[[email protected] html]# ls -d /usr/local/nginx/html/

/usr/local/nginx/html/

[[email protected] html]# ls -ld /usr/local/nginx/html/

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep  9 10:59 /usr/local/nginx/html/

[[email protected] html]# setfacl -R -m user:rget1:rwx /usr/local/nginx/html/

[[email protected] html]# setfacl -R -m default:rget1:rwx /usr/local/nginx/html/

[[email protected] html]# getfacl /usr/local/nginx/html/

getfacl: Removing leading ‘/‘ from absolute path names

# file: usr/local/nginx/html/

# owner: root

# group: root

user::rwx

user:rget1:rwx

group::r-x

mask::rwx

other::r-x

default:user::rwx

default:user:rget1:rwx

default:group::r-x

default:mask::rwx

default:other::r-x

在server2上配置如下

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /web-backup

[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avzp --delete [email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/html/  /web-backup/  (拉取)

[email protected]‘s password:

receiving incremental file list

./

50x.html

index.html

index.php

 

sent 71 bytes  received 923 bytes  284.00 bytes/sec

total size is 1169  speedup is 1.18

[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /web-backup/

total 12

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root 537 Sep  8 10:37 50x.html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root 612 Sep  8 10:37 index.html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root  20 Sep  8 11:59 index.php

 

实战2:使用ssh密钥实现无交互备份,将server1上的数据定期备份到server2

在server2上配置:

[[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

9e:c0:ed:c3:cc:db:d5:49:2a:58:7f:7a:f6:3d:f2:87 [email protected]

The key‘s randomart image is:

+--[ RSA 2048]----+

|                 |

|                 |

|                 |

|     . .         |

|      o S .   .  |

|       B + . + . |

|        X . + +. |

|         + o +E.o|

|        . . .ooo=|

+-----------------+

[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]

[email protected]‘s password:

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh ‘[email protected]‘", and check in:

 

  .ssh/authorized_keys

 

to make sure we haven‘t added extra keys that you weren‘t expecting.

测试:ssh [email protected]

[[email protected] ~]# rsync -azp --delete [email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/html/ /web-backup/

[[email protected] ~]# ll -l /web-backup/

total 12

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root 537 Sep  8 10:37 50x.html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root 612 Sep  8 10:37 index.html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root  20 Sep  8 11:59 index.php

编写脚本:

[[email protected] ~]# vim rsync.sh

Src=/usr/local/nginx/html/

Dst=/web-backup

rsync -az --delete [email protected]:$Src $Dst

[[email protected] /]# crontab -e

no crontab for root - using an empty one

01 3 * * * /root/rsync.sh

3) 以守护进程的方式传输

实战3:配置rsync服务器及需要备份的目录,不使用系统用户进行备份

在server1端创建/etc/rsyncd.conf

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf

 

uid=nobody

gid=nobody

address=192.168.119.128

port=873

host allow= 192.168.119.130 192.168.119.131

use chroot=yes (锁定家目录)

max connections=5 (最大连接数)

pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid

lock file=/var/run/rsync.lock

log file=/var/log/rsyncd.log

motd file=/etc/rsyncd.motd

[wwwroot]

path=/usr/local/nginx/html/

comment=rsync wwwroot of www.test.com

read only=yes (以只读的方式提供备份)

list=yes(允许查看模块信息)

auth users=backuper(指定备份的用户,与系统用户无关)

secrets file = /etcrsync.passwd(指定存放用户的密码文件)

[[email protected] ~]# echo "welcome to backup server" > /etc/rsyncd.motd

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/rsync.passwd

Backuper:pwd123

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd

[[email protected] ~]#vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync (把disabled=yes改成disabled=no

[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd restart

Stopping xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

在server2上测试:

[[email protected] ~]# rsync -azP [email protected]::wwwroot /web-backup/

rsync: failed to connect to 192.168.119.128: No route to host (113)

rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [receiver=3.0.6]

(表示对方有防火墙阻止掉了,需要放行873端口)

[[email protected] ~]# rsync -azP [email protected]::wwwroot /web-backup/

welcome to backup server

 

Password:

receiving incremental file list

./

html/

html/50x.html

         537 100%  524.41kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=5/10)

html/index.html

         612 100%   39.84kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=4/10)

html/index.php

          20 100%    1.22kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=3/10)

logs/

logs/access.log

        1977 100%  113.57kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#4, to-check=2/10)

logs/error.log

        1495 100%   81.11kB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#5, to-check=1/10)

sbin/

sbin/nginx

     6382486 100%   10.70MB/s    0:00:00 (xfer#6, to-check=0/10)

 

sent 190 bytes  received 2747564 bytes  50417.50 bytes/sec

total size is 6387127  speedup is 2.32

[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /web-backup/

total 24

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root  537 Sep  8 10:37 50x.html

drwxrwxr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep  9 10:59 html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root  612 Sep  8 10:37 index.html

-rw-rwxr--. 1 root root   20 Sep  8 11:59 index.php

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep  8 10:39 logs

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep  8 10:37 sbin

不用输入密码,直接备份数据,可以脚本

[[email protected] ~]# export RSYNC_PASSWORD=pwd123456

[[email protected] ~]# rsync -azP [email protected]::wwwroot /web-backup/

二、配置rsync+inotify实现实时同步

 

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