Linux_磁盘管理
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一、linux磁盘管理
- 命令：fdisk -l
- brwx-rw--- 其中b(占位符)代表block,块设备文件
- sda,sdb... --> 硬盘 其中sda1,sda2..sdb1,sdb2...-->硬盘分区 (s:硬盘接口;d:disk)
- 了解硬盘接口：stata,sas --> 服务器借口
- scsi,ide --> 个人电脑接口
- fdisk -l 后有个 cylinder : 磁柱
- 起始与结束
- 查看硬盘是否分区
- 虚拟机添加新硬盘(单个文件),重新启动,分区
- 概念：主分区(格式化后直接使用)，扩展分区(格式化后还要进行逻辑分区才能使用)，逻辑分区(与主分区类似,但非系统分区)
- 利用fdisk /dev/sdb来对sdb(新加的硬盘)进行分区
- 分区步骤：分一个10G的主分区，剩下的为扩展分区，再从扩展分区中分出两块逻辑分区，结构为2+1
- 分区保存后,重启使分区文件加载生效
- 格式化：mkfs.文件系统(ext1,ext2,ext3,ext4,centos 7 使用的文件系统xfs) 例：mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6
- 格式化完毕,还需要挂载磁盘(mount临时的,用法mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/（一般挂载点）),才能使用
- 若要永久挂载,需要写入配置文件/etc/fstab
- 取消挂载 umount /mnt/
- 查看挂载信息,容量等信息(df -h)
二、实际操作
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2859532e. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won‘t be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u‘). Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition‘s system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +4G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l First cylinder (1830-2610, default 1830): Using default value 1830 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1830-2610, default 2610): +4G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 Linux Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition‘s system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00062208 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 Linux [[email protected] ~]# reboot Broadcast message from [email protected] (/dev/pts/0) at 8:51 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [[email protected] ~]# Connection closed by foreign host. Disconnected from remote host(CentOs_64) at 23:52:01. Type `help‘ to learn how to use Xshell prompt. [d:\~]$ Connecting to 192.168.0.108:22... Connection established. To escape to local shell, press ‘Ctrl+Alt+]‘. Last login: Wed Sep 7 08:27:29 2016 from 192.168.0.105 [[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00062208 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 39 2358 18631680 83 Linux /dev/sda3 2358 2611 2031616 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x2859532e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1307 1829 4200966 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1830 2352 4200966 83 Linux [[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb6 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 262944 inodes, 1050241 blocks 52512 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1077936128 33 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 7968 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ [[email protected] ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 18G 2.5G 15G 15% / tmpfs 495M 72K 495M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 291M 33M 243M 12% /boot /dev/sdb6 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /mnt
永久挂载
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Sep 2 08:10:36 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘ # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=517d46c1-d4c6-41ba-94f7-b0cac93f178b / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=75090abd-0581-411d-863a-73d735fb90df /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=25865ffd-404c-49c2-afba-374d7a5a81df swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /etc/sdb6 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
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