Linux_安装软件包

Posted 2020-08-07

一、软件包：

1. 源码包
2. 二进制包(rpm包,编译完成)
3. 依赖性 包A-->包B-->包C

一、rpm

1. 挂载镜像,从镜像文件中找到要安装的rpm包

   [[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom1 /media/
   mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

2. 查询已安装的好的包

   [[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa  # -a all -q query
   openssh-server-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64
   poppler-0.12.4-3.el6_0.1.x86_64
   festvox-slt-arctic-hts-0.20061229-18.el6.noarch
   dejavu-fonts-common-2.30-2.el6.noarch

3. 来安装一个,看看bind包是否被安装

   [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qa | grep "^bind$"

   [[email protected] Packages]#                                        # 没有被安装

4. 那么在/media/Package目录下查找到bind包,进行安装

   [[email protected] Packages]# ll | grep "bind"
   -r--r--r--. 2 root root 4157992 Feb 23 2013 bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm

5. 使用rpm安装bind
   • [[email protected]-linux Packages]# rpm -ivh bind-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm
   • Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   • 　　　1:bind ########################################### [100%]
6. 查看安装的bind包会有那些文件(包括配置文件的目录位置)
   • [[email protected]-linux shell]# rpm -ql `rpm -qa | grep "bind-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64"`
   • /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/13-named
   • /etc/logrotate.d/named
   • /etc/named
   • /etc/named.conf
   • /etc/named.iscdlv.key
   • /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
   • ...
7. 查看某个文件来自于那个包

   [[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qf /etc/ntp.conf
   ntp-4.2.6p5-10.el6.centos.1.x86_64

　　8.  卸载

　　　　　　[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -e  文件名    # 不用带后缀

二、yum

1. 优点：方便,快捷,自动找到并安装依赖的包
2. 缺点：必须联网安装,yum源一定要正确
3. 查看系统安装了哪些包

   [[email protected] Packages]# yum list | grep "@"  #得到结果中base为仓库名,@代表已安装

使用yum安装httpd-devel
• [[email protected]-linux Packages]# yum -y install httpd-devel
• Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
• Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
• * base: mirrors.btte.net
• ...
4. 查看httpd-devel是否已经安装好了
   • [[email protected]-linux Packages]# yum list | grep "httpd-devel" | grep "@"
   • httpd-devel.x86_64 2.2.15-54.el6.centos @updates
5. 卸载安装过的rpm包

   [[email protected] Packages]# yum -y remove httpd-devel

6. yum仓库(源) ：mirrors.163.com/mirrors.sohu.com
7. yum仓库位置：/etc/yum.repos.d/