大型网站架构-性能优化

Posted 2020-08-04

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篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了大型网站架构-性能优化相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

性能调优

硬件优化

cpu 主频高、更多核CPU http://product.pconline.com.cn/hot/server_cpu/ E3->i7处理器

内存主频高、内存量大，ECC内存可以容错，奇偶校验，支持热拔插

磁盘 raid（磁盘阵列，数据同时保存到多块磁盘中速度提升，备份容错）、ssd（新的技术，固态硬盘，不用磁头，读写速度很快，成本高一些）

网卡 100M网卡指的是数据流，单位比特bite，1Byte字节=8bite比特，100M/8=12.5M字节/s秒

服务器网卡使用的千兆网卡，对应千兆交换机和路由器，双网卡绑定类似磁盘的raid传输加快。

架构优化

接入优质CDN 代理+缓存

优化nginx配置 && 调整内核参数 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25266990-id-2985541.html（为什么不用apache http://blog.csdn.net/xifeijian/article/details/17385831）

worker_processes 8; nginx 进程数，建议按照cpu 数目来指定，一般为它的倍数。

use epoll; Nginx采用epoll模型，异步非阻塞。对于Nginx来说，把一个完整的连接请求处理都划分成了事件，一个一个的事件。比如accept（）， recv（），磁盘I/O，send（）等，每部分都有相应的模块去处理，一个完整的请求可能是由几百个模块去处理。真正核心的就是事件收集和分发模块，这就是管理所有模块的核心。只有核心模块的调度才能让对应的模块占用CPU资源，从而处理请求。

keepalive_timeout 60; keepalive 超时时间。

open_file_cache max=102400 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s;这个是指多长时间检查一次缓存的有效信息。

下面贴一个完整的内核优化设置：

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

下面是一个简单的nginx 配置文件：

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000
01000000;
error_log /www/log/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 204800;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 204800;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 2k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2
keys_zone=TEST:10m
inactive=5m;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
fastcgi_cache TEST;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
server
{
listen 8080;
server_name backup.aiju.com;
index index.php index.htm;
root /www/html/;
location /status
{
stub_status on;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$
{
expires 30d;
}
log_format access ‘$remote_addr -- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;
access_log /www/log/access.log access;
}