python 记录Django与Vue前后端分离项目搭建

Posted 2021-12-17 fengbo123

python 记录Django与Vue前后端分离项目搭建

参考链接：

https://blog.csdn.net/liuyukuan/article/details/70477095

 

1. 安装python与vue

2. 创建Django项目

django-admin startproject ulb_manager

3. 进入项目并创建名为backeng的app

1.  
   cd ulb_manager
2.  
   python manage.py startapp backend

4. 使用vue-cli创建vue项目 frontend

vue-init webpack frontend

5.打包vue目录

1.  
   cd frontend
2.  
   npm install
3.  
   npm run build

打包完成后会生成dist文件 内有index.html和文件夹static  

6.配置Django指向index.html

 配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件

1.  
    
2.  
   from django.views.generic import TemplateView // 添加
3.  
    
4.  
   urlpatterns = [
5.  
   path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
6.  
   path(‘index/‘, TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")), // 添加
7.  
   ]

配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

1.  
   TEMPLATES = [
2.  
3.  
   ‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
4.  
   # ‘DIRS‘: [],
5.  
   ‘DIRS‘: [‘frontend/dist‘], // 添加
6.  
   ‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
7.  
   ‘OPTIONS‘:
8.  
   ‘context_processors‘: [
9.  
   ‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
10.  
    ‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
11.  
    ‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
12.  
    ‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
13.  
    ],
14.  
    ,
15.  
    ,
16.  
    ]
17.  
     
18.  
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [ // 添加
19.  
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "frontend/dist/static"),
20.  
    ]

7. 这时启动Django项目 并访问/index便能打开打包好的vue项目

python manage.py runserver

8. Django添加接口

    在Django的backend目录下新建urls.py文件

1.  
   from django.urls import path
2.  
    
3.  
   from . import views
4.  
    
5.  
   urlpatterns = [
6.  
   path(‘testapi‘, views.testapi, name=‘testapi‘),
7.  
   ]

    修改backend目录下views.py文件

1.  
   from django.shortcuts import render
2.  
    
3.  
   # Create your views here.
4.  
   from django.http import HttpResponse
5.  
   import json
6.  
    
7.  
   # 解决前端post请求 csrf问题
8.  
   from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
9.  
   @csrf_exempt
10.  
     
11.  
    def testapi(request):
12.  
    print(request)
13.  
    print(request.method)
14.  
    if request.method == "GET":
15.  
    print(request.GET.get(‘aa‘))
16.  
    resp = ‘errorcode‘: 100, ‘type‘: ‘Get‘, ‘data‘: ‘main‘: request.GET.get(‘aa‘)
17.  
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")
18.  
    else:
19.  
    print(request.POST)
20.  
    print(request.body)
21.  
    str1=str(request.body, encoding = "utf-8")
22.  
    data=eval(str1)
23.  
    print(data)
24.  
    print(data[‘aa‘])
25.  
    print(type(request.body))
26.  
    resp = ‘errorcode‘: 100, ‘type‘: ‘Post‘, ‘data‘: ‘main‘: data[‘aa‘]
27.  
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(resp), content_type="application/json")

配置ulb_manager/urls.py文件

1.  
   from django.contrib import admin
2.  
   from django.urls import include, path // 添加
3.  
   from django.views.generic import TemplateView
4.  
    
5.  
    
6.  
   urlpatterns = [
7.  
   path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
8.  
   path(‘index/‘, TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html")),
9.  
   path(‘api/‘, include(‘backend.urls‘)) // 添加
10.  
    ]

这时接口就可以访问到了

9. 开发环境跨域

    前端编辑时依旧使用npm run dev 这时请求Django接口可能会出现跨域问题   

    安装django-cors-headers

pip install django-cors-headers

    配置ulb_manager/settings.py文件

1.  
   MIDDLEWARE = [
2.  
   ‘django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware‘,
3.  
   ‘django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware‘,
4.  
   ‘corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware‘, // 添加
5.  
   ‘django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware‘,
6.  
   ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
7.  
   ‘django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware‘,
8.  
   ‘django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware‘,
9.  
   ‘django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware‘,
10.  
    ]
11.  
     
12.  
    CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True // 添加

10. 在vue中请求接口

    配置axios

    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39785489/article/details/80111141

    在组建中使用

1.  
   import post,get,patch,put from ‘../http‘
2.  
    
3.  
   export default
4.  
   name: ‘HelloWorld‘,
5.  
   mounted()
6.  
   // get(‘http://localhost:8000/api/testapi?aa=bb‘)
7.  
   // .then((response) =>
8.  
   // console.log(response)
9.  
   // )
10.  
    post(‘http://localhost:8000/api/testapi‘,"aa": ‘bb‘)
11.  
    .then((response) =>
12.  
    console.log(response)
13.  
    console.log(response.data.main)
14.  
    )
15.  
    ,
16.  
    data ()
17.  
    return
18.  
    msg: ‘Welcome to Your Vue.js App‘
19.  
20.  
21.  

  请求成功