requests模块
Posted sunch
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了requests模块相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
方法
# r = requests.post(‘http://httpbin.org/post‘) # r = requests.put(‘http://httpbin.org/put‘) # r = requests.delete(‘http://httpbin.org/delete‘) # r = requests.head(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘) # r = requests.options(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘) ... requests.request(method=‘post‘, ...)
参数
2.1 url 2.2 headers headers = { ‘cookie‘: ‘_xsrf=qgpErUtmbbBx4iIjaEvCvrgS1LTV7gzc; _zap=cf42d0d5-b056-4e0d-b3a3-26dfd2f6a374; d_c0="AODm6prxAQ6PTp0ckYQVU1Clh8qZB3pTJ_k=|1533428612"; l_n_c=1; n_c=1; __gads=ID=5cd6f7750f3e001f:T=1543593535:S=ALNI_MbSXYYBZxCv58del3tLMtSWBWAOjQ; q_c1=24324f549ec242e5aa8bbd486b11f2f9|1553787786000|1533428614000; __utma=51854390.2001133214.1553787789.1553787789.1553787789.1; __utmc=51854390; __utmz=51854390.1553787789.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); __utmv=51854390.000--|3=entry_date=20180805=1; l_cap_id="MGVkZWYxYTdjMjBlNGZiNjliN2NkY2E4NDA1NmY2Yjk=|1553828944|74f826e94ebd276887ae1109645c490cfc0024e1"; r_cap_id="Y2NjNzc3YmZhNGIxNDFlMThjYjljODAyYTAxZjUxNGI=|1553828944|e62fe661882dccbb3ab763c8ba1a78af5c2cbf1e"; cap_id="MDNhOTJiOGQzNjMxNGI3OWEyMjZhMzQ1MDk1NGIxMTc=|1553828944|09c7b9ef0ad1cc49d5becb57988a720a8afacaea"; tgw_l7_route=80f350dcd7c650b07bd7b485fcab5bf7; capsion_ticket="2|1:0|10:1554214536|14:capsion_ticket|44:YmYwMjRlNWU0NzQ2NDNmNDk2Y2Y5ZTU3NzM5YTM4YjM=|0d9264d4b65c02936905137db26dd54974d02e9f074893cf4a4ab26370eb9383"; z_c0="2|1:0|10:1554214562|4:z_c0|92:Mi4xV1ZGNEFnQUFBQUFBNE9icW12RUJEaVlBQUFCZ0FsVk5vcnlRWFFEWWJlaFU2QzZEY3BEa1RTejFxQlcxSlpubmpB|947346f0ac55e10714da8a6f6d9753534a4f5a22aaf6ab1d69e734c8549c95bf"; unlock_ticket="ABBKw-YyTQkmAAAAYAJVTap1o1y90hDD4p9aVPDBfFiiXoRFNKP_LA=="; tst=r‘, ‘host‘: ‘www.zhihu.com‘, ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36‘ } r = requests.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/people/sun-chang-heng/activities‘, headers=headers) # 我的主页 2.3 cookies ret = requests.get(uri) # 微信返回的凭证 session[‘cookie1‘] = ret.cookies.get_dict() rep = requests.get(url=user_url, cookies=session[‘cookie1‘]) 2.4 params 2.5 data,传请求体 requests.post( ..., data={‘user‘:‘alex‘,‘pwd‘:‘123‘} ) GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\n\r\nuser=alex&pwd=123 2.6 json,传请求体 requests.post( ..., json={‘user‘:‘alex‘,‘pwd‘:‘123‘} ) GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\nContent-Type:application/json\r\n\r\n{"user":"alex","pwd":123} 2.7 代理 proxies # 无验证 proxie_dict = { "http": "61.172.249.96:80", "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128", } ret = requests.get("https://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxie_dict) # 验证代理 from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth proxyDict = { ‘http‘: ‘77.75.105.165‘, ‘https‘: ‘77.75.106.165‘ } auth = HTTPProxyAuth(‘用户名‘, ‘密码‘) r = requests.get("http://www.google.com",data={‘xxx‘:‘ffff‘} proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth) print(r.text) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8 文件上传 files # 发送文件 file_dict = { ‘f1‘: open(‘xxxx.log‘, ‘rb‘) } requests.request( method=‘POST‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, files=file_dict ) 2.9 认证 auth 内部: 用户名和密码,用户和密码加密,放在请求头中传给后台。 - "用户:密码" - base64("用户:密码") - "Basic base64("用户|密码")" - 请求头: Authorization: "basic base64("用户|密码")" from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth ret = requests.get(‘https://api.github.com/user‘, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(‘wupeiqi‘, ‘sdfasdfasdf‘)) print(ret.text) 2.10 超时 timeout # ret = requests.get(‘http://google.com/‘, timeout=1) # print(ret) # ret = requests.get(‘http://google.com/‘, timeout=(5, 1)) # print(ret) 2.11 允许重定向 allow_redirects ret = requests.get(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, allow_redirects=False) print(ret.text) 2.12 大文件下载 stream from contextlib import closing with closing(requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘, stream=True)) as r1: # 在此处理响应。 for i in r1.iter_content(): print(i) 2.13 证书 cert - 百度、腾讯 => 不用携带证书(系统帮你做了) - 自定义证书 requests.get(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, cert="xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem") requests.get(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, cert=("xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem","xxx.xxx.xx.key")) 2.14 确认 verify = False
响应
r = requests.get(‘http://www.baidu.com‘) print(type(r.status_code), r.status_code) # 状态码 print(type(r.headers), r.headers) # 响应头 print(type(r.cookies), r.cookies) # cookie print(type(r.cookies), r.cookies.get_dict()) # 字典格式的cookie print(type(r.url), r.url) # url print(type(r.history), r.history) # r.encoding = ‘utf-8‘ # 设置编码 print(type(r.text), r.text) # 响应体内容 print(‘Request Successfully‘) if r.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print(‘返回失败‘)
以上是关于requests模块的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE的解决办法(转)(代码片段
如何使用模块化代码片段中的LeakCanary检测内存泄漏?
C#-WebForm-★内置对象简介★Request-获取请求对象Response相应请求对象Session全局变量(私有)Cookie全局变量(私有)Application全局公共变量Vi(代码片段
Python练习册 第 0013 题: 用 Python 写一个爬图片的程序,爬 这个链接里的日本妹子图片 :-),(http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2166231880)(代码片段