JavaWeb学习笔记之Log4j使用教程

Posted 2020-07-24 小明TI

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一、入门实例

1.新建一个JAva工程，导入包log4j-1.2.17.jar，整个工程最终目录如下
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2、src同级创建并设置log4j.properties

### 设置###
log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D,E

输出信息到控制抬

log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n

输出DEBUG 级别以上的日志到=E://logs/error.log

log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = E://logs/log.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] %m%n

输出ERROR 级别以上的日志到=E://logs/error.log

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File =E://logs/error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ] %m%n
3、设置日志内容

package com.mucfc;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
/**
*@author linbingwen
*@2015年5月18日9:14:21
*/
public class Test {
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Test.class);

/** 
 * @param args 
 */  
public static void main(String[] args) {  
    // System.out.println("This is println message.");  

    // 记录debug级别的信息  
    logger.debug("This is debug message.");  
    // 记录info级别的信息  
    logger.info("This is info message.");  
    // 记录error级别的信息  
    logger.error("This is error message.");  
}

}
4、输出结果

（1）首先是控制台的信息

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三、Web项目中使用Log4j实例

上面代码描述了Log4j的简单应用，其实使用Log4j也就是这样简单方便。当然除了上面的配置方法，还有其它，比如做一个J2EE应用，在J2EE应用使用Log4j，必须先在启动服务时加载Log4j的配置文件进行初始化，可以在web.xml中进行。

1、web应用的log4j使用基本上都采用：新建一个servlet，这个servlet在init函数中为log4j执行配置。一般就是读入配置文件。所以需要在web.xml中为这个servlet配置，同时设定load-on-startup为1。

2、这个servlet配置log4j就是读出配置文件，然后调用configure函数。这里有两个问题：一、需要知道文件在哪里；二、需要正确的文件类型

3、配置文件位置在web.xml中配置一个param即可，路径一般是相对于web的root目录

4、文件类型一般有两种，一个是Java的property文件，另一种是xml文件

配置文件的大致内容：log4j可以指定输出的log级别的最低等级，以及log的输出配置格式，每个log可以指定多个输出方式

（1）创建Web工程，整个工程最后目录如下
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（2）web.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  
    <display-name>LogLearning</display-name>  

    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JTestServlet</servlet-class>  
    </servlet>  

    <!--用来启动 log4jConfigLocation的servlet -->  
    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JInitServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JInitServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>log4j-properties-location</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>  

    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>  

</web-app>
（3）配置文件log4j.properties

 ### set log levels ###  
log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D,E  

log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n  

log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender  
log4j.appender.D.File = F://logs/log.log  
log4j.appender.D.Append = true  
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG   
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n  

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender  
log4j.appender.E.File =F://logs/error.log   
log4j.appender.E.Append = true  
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR   
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n
（4）web容器一来就初始化的servlet

Log4JInitServlet.java

package com.mucfc;  

import java.io.File;  
import java.io.IOException;  

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;  
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;  
import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;  
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;  

/** 
 * Servlet implementation class Log4JInitServlet 
 */  
@WebServlet("/Log4JInitServlet")  
public class Log4JInitServlet extends HttpServlet {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() 
     */  
    public Log4JInitServlet() {  
        super();  
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig) 
     */  
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {  
        System.out.println("Log4JInitServlet 正在初始化 log4j日志设置信息");  
        String log4jLocation = config.getInitParameter("log4j-properties-location");  

        ServletContext sc = config.getServletContext();  

        if (log4jLocation == null) {  
            System.err.println("*** 没有 log4j-properties-location 初始化的文件, 所以使用 BasicConfigurator初始化");  
            BasicConfigurator.configure();  
        } else {  
            String webAppPath = sc.getRealPath("/");  
            String log4jProp = webAppPath + log4jLocation;  
            File yoMamaYesThisSaysYoMama = new File(log4jProp);  
            if (yoMamaYesThisSaysYoMama.exists()) {  
                System.out.println("使用: " + log4jProp+"初始化日志设置信息");  
                PropertyConfigurator.configure(log4jProp);  
            } else {  
                System.err.println("*** " + log4jProp + " 文件没有找到， 所以使用 BasicConfigurator初始化");  
                BasicConfigurator.configure();  
            }  
        }  
        super.init(config);  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

}
调用日志Log4JTestServlet,java

package com.mucfc;  

import java.io.IOException;  

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;  
import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  

/** 
 * Servlet implementation class Log4JTestServlet 
 */  
@WebServlet("/Log4JTestServlet")  
public class Log4JTestServlet extends HttpServlet {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4JTestServlet.class);    

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() 
     */  
    public Log4JTestServlet() {  
        super();  
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig) 
     */  
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
        // 记录debug级别的信息    
        logger.debug("This is debug message.");    
        // 记录info级别的信息    
        logger.info("This is info message.");    
        // 记录error级别的信息    
        logger.error("This is error message.");    
    }  

    /** 
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
     */  
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
        doGet(request,response);  
    }  

}

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四、Spring中使用Log4j

这里要实现web项目中利用Spring来使用Log4j

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（1）接上面的工程，然后再导入Spring的包

（2）web.xml增加

<!-- 设置根目录 -->  
   <context-param>    
       <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>    
       <param-value>webapp.root</param-value>    
   </context-param>    

   <context-param>  
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
</context-param>  
<!-- 3000表示 开一条watchdog线程每60秒扫描一下配置文件的变化;这样便于日志存放位置的改变 -->  
<context-param>    
        <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>    
        <param-value>3000</param-value>    
   </context-param>   
<listener>  
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>  
</listener>
整个内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"  
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  
    <display-name>LogLearning</display-name>  

    <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JTestServlet</servlet-class>  
    </servlet>  

    <!--用来启动 log4jConfigLocation的servlet -->  
<!--     <servlet>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JInitServlet</servlet-name>  
        <servlet-class>com.mucfc.Log4JInitServlet</servlet-class>  
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>log4j-properties-location</param-name>  
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
        </init-param>  
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  
    </servlet>-->  

    <servlet-mapping>  
        <servlet-name>Log4JTestServlet</servlet-name>  
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>  
    </servlet-mapping>   

        <!-- Spring 容器加载 -->  
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>  
    <context-param>  
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>  
    </context-param>   

    <!-- 设置根目录 -->  
    <context-param>    
        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>    
        <param-value>webapp.root</param-value>    
    </context-param>    

    <context-param>  
        <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>  
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value>  
    </context-param>  
    <!-- 3000表示 开一条watchdog线程每60秒扫描一下配置文件的变化;这样便于日志存放位置的改变 -->  
    <context-param>    
         <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>    
         <param-value>3000</param-value>    
    </context-param>   
    <listener>  
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>  
    </listener>   

</web-app>
这里Log4JInitServlet.java就相当于没用到了。

（2）applicationContext.xml

没有内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="    

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans


http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd


http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop


http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd


http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">  
</beans>

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