线程工具类 - CountDownLatch

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CountDownLatch官方使用手册:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CountDownLatch.html

一、原理

  CountDownLatch是一个非常实用的多线程控制工具类。Count Down在英文中意为倒计时,Latch意为门闩,可以简单的将CountDownLatch称为倒计时器。门闩的含义是:把门锁起来,不让里面的线程跑出来。因此,这个工具通常用来控制线程等待,它可以让一个线程等待知道倒计时结束,再开始执行。

  CountDownLatch内部维护着一个count计数,只不过对这个计数器的操作都是原子操作,同时只能有一个线程去操作这个计数器。CountDownLatch通过构造函数传入一个初始计数值,调用者可以通过调用CounDownLatch对象的countDown()方法,来使计数减1;如果调用对象上的await()方法,那么调用者就会一直阻塞在这里,直到别人通过countDown方法,将计数减到0,才可以继续执行。

  CountDownLatch的一种典型应用场景是火箭发射。在火箭发射前,为了保证万无一失,往往要进行各项设备、仪器的检查。只有等所有的检查完毕后,引擎才能点火。这种场景就非常适合使用CountDownLatch。它可以使得点火线程等待所有检查线程全部完成后再执行。

二、API

主要方法

  • public CountDownLatch(int count);

    构造方法参数指定了计数的次数

  • public void countDown();

    当前线程调用此方法,则计数减一

  • public void await() throws InterruptedException

    调用此方法会一直阻塞当前线程,直到计时器的值为0

三、Demo

CountDownLatch的一种典型用法是:

a group of worker threads use two countdown latches(一组工作线程使用两个CountDownLatch)。

Sample usage: a group of worker threads use two countdown latches(一组工作线程使用两个CountDownLatch):

  • The first is a start signal that prevents any worker from proceeding until the driver is ready for them to proceed;
  • The second is a completion signal that allows the driver to wait until all workers have completed

下面以一个Demo来说明CountDownLatch的使用。

程序功能:模拟多线程下载,合并线程等到所有下载任务完成便开始合并。

/**
 * CountDownLatch的典型用法2
 * 代码功能:使用多个下载线程实现下载,等到所有任务完成后合并线程开始合并。
 * 
 * @author lp
 *
 */
public class CountDownLatchDemo2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        int N = 8;
        CountDownLatch startSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);//startSignal控制开始
        CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);//

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(N + 1);// 8个下载线程,1个合并线程

        // let all threads proceed
        startSignal.countDown();
        
        // N个下载任务开始执行
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            executor.execute(new DownloadRunnable(startSignal,doneSignal, i));
        }

        // wait for all to finish
        doneSignal.await();//阻塞,直到计数器为0
        
        // 执行合并任务
        executor.execute(new MergeRunnable());
        
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

/**
 * 下载线程
 */
class DownloadRunnable implements Runnable {
    private final CountDownLatch startSignal;
    private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
    private final int i;

    public DownloadRunnable(CountDownLatch startSignal, CountDownLatch doneSignal, int i) {
        this.startSignal = startSignal;
        this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
        this.i = i;
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            startSignal.await();//当前线程等待
            doDownload(i);
            doneSignal.countDown();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private void doDownload(int i) {
        System.out.println("Thead:" + i + "下载完成");
    }
}

Another typical usage would be to divide a problem into N parts, describe each part with a Runnable that executes that portion and counts down on the latch, and queue all the Runnables to an Executor. When all sub-parts are complete, the coordinating thread will be able to pass through await. (When threads must repeatedly count down in this way, instead use a CyclicBarrier.)

另外一种典型的用法是:将一个问题分解成N部分,用Runnable来描述每一部分任务,每个Runnable执行完后将latch数减1,而且要将所有的Runnable都加入到Executor中。当所有子部分任务完成时,协调线程经过await后能够开始执行。(当线程必须可重复性的倒计时时,请使用CyclicBarrier代替)

/**
 * CountDownLatch的典型用法1
 * 代码功能:模拟多线程下载功能-使用多个下载线程实现下载,等到所有任务完成后合并线程开始合并。
 * 
 * @author lp
 *
 */
public class CountDownLatchDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        int N = 8;
        CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);// 计数器从N开始倒数
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(N + 1);// N个下载线程,1个合并线程

        // N个下载任务开始执行
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            executor.execute(new DownloadRunnable(doneSignal, i));
        }

        // wait for all to finish
        doneSignal.await();//阻塞,直到计数器为0
        
        // 执行合并任务
        executor.execute(new MergeRunnable());
        
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

/**
 * 下载线程
 */
class DownloadRunnable implements Runnable {
    private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
    private final int i;

    DownloadRunnable(CountDownLatch doneSignal, int i) {
        this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
        this.i = i;
    }

    public void run() {
        doDownload(i);
        doneSignal.countDown();
    }

    private void doDownload(int i) {
        System.out.println("Thead:" + i + "下载完成");
    }
}

/**
 * 合并线程
 */
class MergeRunnable implements Runnable{
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        doMerge();
    }
    
    private void doMerge(){
        System.out.println("合并线程完成合并");
    }
    
}

 

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