用队列方式实现多线程爬虫
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说明:糗事百科段子的爬取,采用了队列和多线程的方式,其中关键点是Queue.task_done()、Queue.join(),保证了线程的有序进行。
import requests from lxml import etree import json from queue import Queue import threading class Qsbk(object): def __init__(self): self.headers = { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36", "Referer": "https://www.qiushibaike.com/" } # 实例化三个队列,用来存放内容 self.url_queue = Queue() self.html_queue = Queue() self.content_queue = Queue() def get_total_url(self): """ 获取了所有的页面url,并且返回url_list return:url_list 现在放入url_queue队列中保存 """ url_temp = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}/" url_list = list() for i in range(1,13): # url_list.append(url_temp.format(i)) # 将生成的url放入url_queue队列 self.url_queue.put(url_temp.format(i)) def parse_url(self): """ 发送请求,获取响应,同时etree处理html """ while self.url_queue.not_empty: # 判断非空,为空时结束循环 # 从队列中取出一个url url = self.url_queue.get() print("parsing url:",url) # 发送请求 response = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers,timeout=10) # 获取html字符串 html = response.content.decode() # 获取element类型的html html = etree.HTML(html) # 将生成的element对象放入html_queue队列 self.html_queue.put(html) # Queue.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后,Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号 self.url_queue.task_done() def get_content(self): """ 解析网页内容,获取想要的信息 """ while self.html_queue.not_empty: items = list() html = self.html_queue.get() total_div = html.xpath("//div[@class=‘col1 old-style-col1‘]/div") for i in total_div: author_img = i.xpath(".//a[@rel=‘nofollow‘]/img/@src") author_img = "https"+author_img[0] if len(author_img)>0 else None author_name = i.xpath(".//a[@rel=‘nofollow‘]/img/@alt") author_name = author_name[0] if len(author_name)>0 else None author_href = i.xpath("./a/@href") author_href = "https://www.qiushibaike.com/"+author_href[0] if len(author_href)>0 else None author_gender = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/@class") author_gender = author_gender[0].split(" ")[-1].replace("Icon","").strip() if len(author_gender)>0 else None author_age = i.xpath("./div[1]/div/text()") author_age = author_age[0] if len(author_age)>0 else None content = i.xpath("./a/div/span/text()") content = content[0].strip() if len(content)>0 else None content_vote = i.xpath("./div[@class=‘stats‘]/span[@class=‘stats-vote‘]/i/text()") content_vote = content_vote[0] if len(content_vote)>0 else None content_comment_numbers = i.xpath("./div[@class=‘stats‘]/span[@class=‘stats-comments‘]/a/i/text()") content_comment_numbers = content_comment_numbers[0] if len(content_comment_numbers)>0 else None item = { "author_name":author_name, "author_age" :author_age, "author_gender":author_gender, "author_img":author_img, "author_href":author_href, "content":content, "content_vote":content_vote, "content_comment_numbers":content_comment_numbers, } items.append(item) self.content_queue.put(items) # task_done的时候,队列计数减一 self.html_queue.task_done() def save_items(self): """ 保存items """ while self.content_queue.not_empty: items = self.content_queue.get() with open("quishibaike.txt",‘a‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f: for i in items: json.dump(i,f,ensure_ascii=False,indent=2) self.content_queue.task_done() def run(self): # 获取url list thread_list = list() thread_url = threading.Thread(target=self.get_total_url) thread_list.append(thread_url) # 发送网络请求 for i in range(10): thread_parse = threading.Thread(target=self.parse_url) thread_list.append(thread_parse) # 提取数据 thread_get_content = threading.Thread(target=self.get_content) thread_list.append(thread_get_content) # 保存 thread_save = threading.Thread(target=self.save_items) thread_list.append(thread_save) for t in thread_list: # 为每个进程设置为后台进程,效果是主进程退出子进程也会退出 t.setDaemon(True) t.start() # 让主线程等待,所有的队列为空的时候才能退出 self.url_queue.join() self.html_queue.join() self.content_queue.join() if __name__=="__main__": obj = Qsbk() obj.run()
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