k8s集群日志收集

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                                            k8s集群日志收集

  1. 收集哪些日志
    K8S系统的组件日志
    K8S Cluster里面部署的应用程序日志

  2. 日志方案 Filebeat+ELK

      

Filebeat(日志采集工具)+Logstach(数据处理引擎)+Elasticserch(数据存储、全文检索、分布式搜索引擎)+Kibana（展示数据、绘图、搜索）
技术图片

      

3 容器中的日志怎么收集
      

收集方案：Pod中附加专用日志收集的容器
优点：低耦合
缺点：每个Pod启动一个日志收集代理，增加资源消耗和运维维护成本
            
4 部署DaemonSet采取k8s组件日志/var/log/messages
      
4.1 ELK安装在harbor节点
      
安装、配置ELK
      

1)安装openjdk
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk
            
2）安装Logstash
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/7.6/installing-logstash.html
            
配置网络源
/etc/yum.repos.d/logstash.repo
[logstash-7.x]
name=Elastic repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md
                        

3)安装ELK组件
yum -y install logstash elasticsearch kibana
            
4)配置组件
            
修改kibana配置
vi /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
            
server.port: 5601
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://localhost:9200"]
                        

修改logstash配置
            
vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/logstash-to-es.conf

input {
beats {
port => 5044
}

}

filter {

}

output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "k8s-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" #索引格式
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }

}

            
启动服务
systemctl start kibana #启动kibana
systemctl start elasticsearch #启动elasticsearch
/usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/logstash-to-es.conf &
            
192.168.1.143:5601 #访问kibana
            
5） 创建pod(master节点执行)收集组件日志

            

kubectl apply -f k8s-logs.yaml
                        
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: k8s-logs-filebeat-config
namespace: kube-system

data:
filebeat.yml: |-
filebeat.prospectors:

  • type: log
    paths:

    • /messages
      fields:
      app: k8s
      type: module
      fields_under_root: true

    output.logstash:
    hosts: [‘192.168.1.143:5044‘]

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: k8s-logs
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
project: k8s
app: filebeat
template:
metadata:
labels:
project: k8s
app: filebeat
spec:
containers:

  • name: filebeat
    image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:6.4.2
    args: [
    "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
    "-e",
    ]
    resources:
    requests:
    cpu: 100m
    memory: 100Mi
    limits:
    cpu: 500m
    memory: 500Mi
    securityContext:
    runAsUser: 0
    volumeMounts:
    • name: filebeat-config
      mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
      subPath: filebeat.yml
    • name: k8s-logs
      mountPath: /messages
      volumes:
  • name: k8s-logs
    hostPath:
    path: /var/log/messages
    type: File
  • name: filebeat-config
    configMap:

6）kibana添加索引

kibana界面->Index Patterns-》k8s-log-*->@timestamp->Create index pattern->Discover

            
7）查看日志

技术图片

                        
6 收集nginx日志
            
1）创建名称空间
cat namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: test
            
2）创建pod的configmap（保存filebeat的配置文件）
            

kubectl apply -f filebeat-nginx-configmap.yaml
            
cat filebeat-nginx-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: filebeat-nginx-config
namespace: test

data:
filebeat.yml: |-
filebeat.prospectors:

  • type: log
    paths:

    • /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
      fields: #添加额外字段，表示字段来源和类型，日志收集时做配置
      app: www
      type: nginx-access
      fields_under_root: true #将收集的日志放在kibana界面顶级

  • type: log
    paths:

    • /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
      fields:
      app: www
      type: nginx-error
      fields_under_root: true

    output.logstash: #收集的日志数据输出到logstash中
    hosts: [‘192.168.1.143:5044‘]

            
3）创建secret用于保存harbor用户的密码
            
kubectl create secret docker-registry harborsecret123 --docker-server=192.168.1.143 --docker-username=‘zhanghai‘ --docker-password=‘123@Abcde‘ -n test
            
4）修改logstash配置
            
/usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/logstash-to-es.conf &
            
cat logstash-to-es.conf
input {
beats {
port => 5044
}
}

filter {
}

output {
if [app] == "www" {
if [type] == "nginx-access" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "nginx-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
else if [type] == "nginx-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "nginx-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
else if [type] == "tomcat-catalina" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "tomcat-catalina-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
else if [app] == "k8s" {
if [type] == "module" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://127.0.0.1:9200"]
index => "k8s-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
}
}

            
5）创建nginx的pod
            
kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
            
cat nginx-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: php-demo
namespace: test
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
project: www
app: php-demo
template:
metadata:
labels:
project: www
app: php-demo
spec:
imagePullSecrets:

  • name: harborsecret123
    containers:

  • name: nginx
    image: 192.168.1.143/project/php-demo:latest
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    ports:

    • containerPort: 80
      name: web
      protocol: TCP
      resources:
      requests:
      cpu: 0.5
      memory: 256Mi
      limits:
      cpu: 1
      memory: 1Gi
      resources:
      requests:
      cpu: 0.5
      memory: 256Mi
      limits:
      cpu: 1
      memory: 1Gi
      livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
      path: /status.php
      port: 80
      initialDelaySeconds: 6
      timeoutSeconds: 20
      volumeMounts:
    • name: nginx-logs
      mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/logs

  • name: filebeat
    image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:6.4.2
    args: [
    "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
    "-e",
    ]
    resources:
    limits:
    memory: 500Mi
    requests:
    cpu: 100m
    memory: 100Mi
    securityContext:
    runAsUser: 0
    volumeMounts:

    • name: filebeat-config
      mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
      subPath: filebeat.yml

    • name: nginx-logs
      mountPath: /usr/local/nginx/logs

      volumes:

  • name: nginx-logs
    emptyDir: {}
  • name: filebeat-config
    configMap:
    name: filebeat-nginx-config

技术图片

            

5）配置kibana前台
            
kibana界面->Kibana Index Patterns-》nginx-access-*->@timestamp->Create index pattern->Discover
技术图片

技术图片

            

  1. 收集tomcat日志
                
    1）创建pod的configmap
                
    cat filebeat-tomcat-configmap.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
    name: filebeat-config
    namespace: test

data:
filebeat.yml: |-
filebeat.prospectors:

  • type: log
    paths:
    • /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.*
      fields:
      app: www
      type: tomcat-catalina
      fields_under_root: true
      multiline: #多行匹配，已[开头为记录一行日志
      pattern: ‘^[‘
      negate: true
      match: after
      output.logstash:
      hosts: [‘192.168.1.143:5044‘]
                  
      kubectl apply -f filebeat-tomcat-configmap.yaml

            
2）创建tomcat的pod
            
kubectl apply -f tomcat-deployment.yaml
cat tomcat-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-java-demo
namespace: test
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
project: www
app: java-demo
template:
metadata:
labels:
project: www
app: java-demo
spec:
imagePullSecrets:

  • name: harborsecret123
    containers:

  • name: tomcat
    image: 192.168.1.143/project/tomcat-java-demo:latest
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    ports:

    • containerPort: 8080
      name: web
      protocol: TCP
      resources:
      requests:
      cpu: 0.5
      memory: 1Gi
      limits:
      cpu: 1
      memory: 2Gi
      livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
      path: /
      port: 8080
      initialDelaySeconds: 60
      timeoutSeconds: 20
      readinessProbe:
      httpGet:
      path: /
      port: 8080
      initialDelaySeconds: 60
      timeoutSeconds: 20
      volumeMounts:
    • name: tomcat-logs
      mountPath: /usr/local/tomcat/logs
  • name: filebeat
    image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:6.4.2
    args: [
    "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
    "-e",
    ]
    resources:
    limits:
    memory: 500Mi
    requests:
    cpu: 100m
    memory: 100Mi
    securityContext:
    runAsUser: 0
    volumeMounts:
    • name: filebeat-config
      mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
      subPath: filebeat.yml
    • name: tomcat-logs
      mountPath: /usr/local/tomcat/logs
      volumes:
  • name: tomcat-logs
    emptyDir: {}
  • name: filebeat-config
    configMap:
    name: filebeat-config

            

3）配置kibana前台
            

kibana界面->Kibana Index Patterns-tomcat-catalina-*->@timestamp->Create index pattern->Discover

技术图片

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