DRF 一对多序列化与反序列化

Posted 2020-11-24 wuxiaoshi

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DRF 一对多序列化与反序列化

序列化

出库的过程，是从数据库中把数据读出并以json的形式供前端使用
反序列化

入库的过程，是从前端将数据传入到views.py的函数或者类中，经过后台逻辑处理，最终写到数据库中。
安装 djangorestframework

pip install djangorestframework

注册到INSTALL_APPS中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
]

配置数据库

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'tutorial',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'ocnt-123',
        'OPTIONS':{
                "init_command":"SET foreign_key_checks = 0;",# 禁用外键约束
        }
    }
}

新增老师类和学生类

from django.db import models

# 创建老师模型
class Teacher(models.Model):
    # 教师名称
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    # 添加时间
    addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        # 指定表名
        db_table = 'teacher'


# 创建学生模型,一个学生只能选择一个老师
class Student(models.Model):
    # 学生名称
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    # 添加时间
    addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 外键 与Teacher类绑定
    teacher = models.ForeignKey('Teacher',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        # 指定表名
        db_table = 'student'

新增视图函数类 TeacherView

from rest_framework.views import  APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .serializers import TeacherSerializer,StudentSerializer
from . import models

# 创建用户视图类
class TeacherView(APIView):
    # 获取用户信息
    def get(self,request):
        data = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        info = TeacherSerializer(data,many=True)
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"",
            "data":info.data
        })



    # 添加用户
    def post(self,request):
        data = request.data
        flag = models.Teacher.objects.create(**data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({"status":201,"msg":"添加数据失败","data":[]})
        return Response({"status":200,"msg":"","data":[]})



    # 编辑用户
    def put(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop("id")
        flag = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"编辑失败",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"编辑成功",
            "data":""
        })


    # 删除用户
    def delete(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop('id')
        teacher = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
        if not teacher[0]:
            return Response({
                "status": 201,
                "msg": "删除失败",
                "data": []
            })
        return Response({
            "status": 200,
            "msg": "删除成功",
            "data": ""
        })

新增视图函数类 StudentView

# 学生视图
class StudentView(APIView):
    # 获取数据
    def get(self,request):
        data = models.Student.objects.all()
        info = StudentSerializer(data,many=True)

        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"",
            "data":info.data
        })

    # 添加数据
    def post(self,request):
        data = request.data
        flag = models.Student.objects.create(**data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"学生添加失败",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"学生添加成功",
            "data":[]
        })


    # 编辑数据
    def put(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop('id')
        flag = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"数据编辑失败",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"数据编辑成功",
            "data":[]
        })

    # 删除数据
    def delete(self,request):
        id = request.data.get('id')
        student = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
        if not student[0]:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"删除失败",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"删除成功",
            "data":[]
        })

序列化类 serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 老师数据序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Teacher
        fields = '__all__'


# 学生数据序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = '__all__'

二级路由 urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('teacher/',views.TeacherView.as_view()),
    path('student/',views.StudentView.as_view()),
]

访问地址
- GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/

获取老师名下有多少个学生

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 学生数据序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = '__all__'


# 老师数据序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)

调用此地址 GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/

获取学生的老师是谁？

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 学生数据序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    teacherName = serializers.CharField(source='teacher.name')
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = ('id','name','teacherName')


# 老师数据序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)

调用此地址 GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/

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