drf_jwt手动签发与校验-drf小组件:过滤-筛选-排序-分页

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签发token

源码的入口:完成token签发的view类里面封装的方法。

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 源码中在请求token的时候只有post请求方法,主要分析一下源码中的post方法的实现。

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 settings源码:

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总结:

源码的入口

# 前提:给一个局部禁用了所有 认证与权限 的视图类发送用户信息得到token,其实就是登录接口

# 1)rest_framework_jwt.views.ObtainJSONWebToken 的 父类 JSONWebTokenAPIView 的 post 方法
#        接受有username、password的post请求

# 2)post方法将请求数据交给 rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer 处理 # 完成数据的校验,会走序列化类的 全局钩子校验规则,校验得到登录用户并签发token存储在序列化对象中

 

核心内部源码分析:

rest_framework_jwt.serializer.JSONWebTokenSerializer的validate(self, attrs)方法

 实现签发token的内部方法

def validate(self, attrs):
    # 账号密码字典
    credentials = {
        self.username_field: attrs.get(self.username_field),
        password: attrs.get(password)
    }
    if all(credentials.values()):
        # 签发token第1步:用账号密码得到user对象
        user = authenticate(**credentials)
        if user:
            if not user.is_active:
                msg = _(User account is disabled.)
                raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)
# 签发token第2步:通过user得到payload,payload包含着用户信息与过期时间 payload = jwt_payload_handler(user) # 在视图类中,可以通过 序列化对象.object.get(‘user‘或者‘token‘) 拿到user和token return { # 签发token第3步:通过payload签发出token token: jwt_encode_handler(payload), user: user } else: msg = _(Unable to log in with provided credentials.) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg) else: msg = _(Must include "{username_field}" and "password".) msg = msg.format(username_field=self.username_field) raise serializers.ValidationError(msg)

 

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 根据研究分析源码,实现手动签发token逻辑

# 1)通过username、password得到user对象
# 2)通过user对象生成payload:jwt_payload_handler(user) => payload
# from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
# 3)通过payload签发token:jwt_encode_handler(payload) => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler

 

校验token

源码入口

# 前提:访问一个配置了jwt认证规则的视图类,就需要提交认证字符串token,在认证类中完成token的校验

# 1)rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 父类 BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication 的 authenticate 方法
#  请求头拿认证信息jwt-token => 通过反爬小规则确定有用的token => payload => user

 

核心源码:

rest_framework_jwt.authentication.BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication的authenticate(self, request)方法

 

def authenticate(self, request):
    """
    Returns a two-tuple of `User` and token if a valid signature has been
    supplied using JWT-based authentication.  Otherwise returns `None`.
    """
    # 带有反爬小规则的获取token:前台必须按 "jwt token字符串" 方式提交
    # 校验user第1步:从请求头 HTTP_AUTHORIZATION 中拿token,并提取
    jwt_value = self.get_jwt_value(request)
    # 游客
    if jwt_value is None:
        return None
    # 校验
    try:
        # 校验user第2步:token => payload
        payload = jwt_decode_handler(jwt_value)
    except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
        msg = _(Signature has expired.)
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.DecodeError:
        msg = _(Error decoding signature.)
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(msg)
    except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
        raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed()
    # 校验user第3步:token => payload
    user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

    return (user, jwt_value)


 

手动校验token逻辑

# 1)从请求头中获取token
# 2)根据token解析出payload:jwt_decode_handler(token) => payloay
#        from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
# 3)根据payload解析出user:self.authenticate_credentials(payload) => user
#        继承drf-jwt的BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication,拿到父级的authenticate_credentials方法

 

案例:实现多方式登录签发token

models.py

from django.db import models

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class User(AbstractUser):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = api_user
        verbose_name = 用户表
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
import re

# 拿到前台token的两个函数: user => payload => token
# from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
# jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
# jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler
from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler


# 1) 前台提交多种登录信息都采用一个key,所以后台可以自定义反序列化字段进行对应
# 2) 序列化类要处理序列化与反序列化,要在fields中设置model绑定的Model类所有使用到的字段
# 3) 区分序列化字段与反序列化字段 read_only | write_only
# 4) 在自定义校验规则中(局部钩子、全局钩子)校验数据是否合法、确定登录的用户、根据用户签发token
# 5) 将登录的用户与签发的token保存在序列化类对象中
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 自定义反序列字段:一定要设置write_only,只参与反序列化,不会与model类字段映射
    usr = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    pwd = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        fields = [usr, pwd, username, mobile, email]
        # 系统校验规则
        extra_kwargs = {
            username: {
                read_only: True
            },
            mobile: {
                read_only: True
            },
            email: {
                read_only: True
            },
        }

    def validate(self, attrs):
        usr = attrs.get(usr)
        pwd = attrs.get(pwd)

        # 多方式登录:各分支处理得到该方式下对应的用户
        if re.match(r.+@.+, usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr)
        elif re.match(r1[3-9][0-9]{9}, usr):
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr)
        else:
            user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr)
        user_obj = user_query.first()

        # 签发:得到登录用户,签发token并存储在实例化对象中
        if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd):
            # 签发token,将token存放到 实例化类对象的token 名字中
            payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj)
            token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
            # 将当前用户与签发的token都保存在序列化对象中
            self.user = user_obj
            self.token = token
            return attrs

        raise serializers.ValidationError({data: 数据有误})

views.py

#实现多方式登陆签发token:账号、手机号、邮箱等登陆
# 1) 禁用认证与权限组件
# 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类
# 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中
# 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台

import re from . import serializers, models from utils.response import APIResponse from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_payload_handler from rest_framework_jwt.serializers import jwt_encode_handler class LoginAPIView(APIView): # 1) 禁用认证与权限组件 authentication_classes = [] permission_classes = [] def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 2) 拿到前台登录信息,交给序列化类,规则:账号用usr传,密码用pwd传 user_ser = serializers.UserModelSerializer(data=request.data) # 3) 序列化类校验得到登录用户与token存放在序列化对象中 user_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # 4) 取出登录用户与token返回给前台 return APIResponse(token=user_ser.token, results=serializers.UserModelSerializer(user_ser.user).data) # "一根筋" 思考方式:所有逻辑都在视图类中处理 def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): usr = request.data.get(usr) pwd = request.data.get(pwd) if re.match(r.+@.+, usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(email=usr) elif re.match(r1[3-9][0-9]{9}, usr): user_query = models.User.objects.filter(mobile=usr) else: user_query = models.User.objects.filter(username=usr) user_obj = user_query.first() if user_obj and user_obj.check_password(pwd): payload = jwt_payload_handler(user_obj) token = jwt_encode_handler(payload) return APIResponse(results={username: user_obj.username}, token=token) return APIResponse(data_msg=不可控错误)

 

案例:自定义认证反爬规则的认证类

authentications.py

import jwt
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import jwt_decode_handler
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
class JWTAuthentication(BaseJSONWebTokenAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        jwt_token = request.META.get(HTTP_AUTHORIZATION)

        # 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt
        token = self.parse_jwt_token(jwt_token)

        if token is None:
            return None

        try:
            # token => payload
            payload = jwt_decode_handler(token)
        except jwt.ExpiredSignature:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(token已过期)
        except:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(非法用户)
        # payload => user
        user = self.authenticate_credentials(payload)

        return (user, token)

    # 自定义校验规则:auth token jwt,auth为前盐,jwt为后盐
    def parse_jwt_token(self, jwt_token):
        tokens = jwt_token.split()
        if len(tokens) != 3 or tokens[0].lower() != auth or tokens[2].lower() != jwt:
            return None
        return tokens[1]

 

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from utils.response import APIResponse
# 必须登录后才能访问 - 通过了认证权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
# 自定义jwt校验规则
from .authentications import JWTAuthentication
class UserDetail(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [JWTAuthentication]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(results={username: request.user.username})

 admin使用自定义User表:新增用户密码和密文

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models

# 自定义User表,admin后台管理,采用密文密码
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin

class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            classes: (wide,),
            fields: (username, password1, password2, mobile, email),
        }),
    )

admin.site.register(models.User, MyUserAdmin)

群查接口各种筛选组件数据准备

models.py

class Car(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16, unique=True, verbose_name=车名)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name=价格)
    brand = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name=品牌)

    class Meta:
        db_table = api_car
        verbose_name = 汽车表
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

admin.py

admin.site.register(models.Car)

 

serializers.py

class CarModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Car
        fields = [name, price, brand]

 

viers.py

# Car的群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

注意点:

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 urls.py

url(r^cars/$, views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),

 

drf搜索过滤组件

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步:drf的SearchFilter - 搜索过滤
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
    filter_backends = [SearchFilter]

    # 第三步:SearchFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?search=...
    search_fields = [name, price]
    # eg:/cars/?search=1,name和price中包含1的数据都会被查询出

 

drf排序过滤组件

views.py ,与上面的过滤组件区别:导入的是 OrderingFilter

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

# 第一步:drf的OrderingFilter - 排序过滤
from rest_framework.filters import OrderingFilter

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer

    # 第二步:局部配置 过滤类 们(全局配置用DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS)
    filter_backends = [OrderingFilter]

    # 第三步:OrderingFilter过滤类依赖的过滤条件 => 接口:/cars/?ordering=...
    ordering_fields = [pk, price]
    # eg:/cars/?ordering=-price,pk,先按price降序,如果出现price相同,再按pk升序

 

drf基础分页组件

pahenations.py  通过源码自定义的

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination

class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
    # ?page=页码
    page_query_param = page
    # ?page=页面 下默认一页显示的条数
    page_size = 3
    # ?page=页面&page_size=条数 用户自定义一页显示的条数
    page_size_query_param = page_size
    # 用户自定义一页显示的条数最大限制:数值超过5也只显示5条
    max_page_size = 5

 

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView

class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    # 如果queryset没有过滤条件,就必须 .all(),不然分页会出问题
    queryset = models.Car.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    
    # 分页组件 - 给视图类配置分页类即可 - 分页类需要自定义,继承drf提供的分页类即可
    pagination_class = pagenations.MyPageNumberPagination

 

源码内部分析,实现自定义的分页组件功能,一般都是参考源码的封装方法,来进一步书写自定义的。

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 以上几种筛选(过滤、排序、分页)组件,区别在于访问的url根据自定一的规则不同,方法也不同

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