命名访问控制列表详解

Posted 2020-11-16

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技术图片

命名访问控制列表

本章目标：通过实验学会命名访问控制列表，添加访问控制，删除访问控制

实验图：

技术图片

4台主机，一个二层交换机，一个三层交换机
sw1:划分VLAN,给VLAN配置接口，做trunk链路
sw2:划分vlan,通过接口给vlan配置虚拟地址，做trunk链路，做命名访问控制
，关闭交换端口变成三层端口。
pc1:192.168.10.10/24
pc2:192.168.10.20/24
pc3:192.168.20.20/24
pc4:192.168.100.100/24

一.给二层交换机配置VLAN,给vlan配置接口,做trunk链路

sw1#conf t
sw1(config)#vlan 10,20
sw1(config-vlan)#do show vlan-sw b  //查看vlan详细信息
sw1(config-vlan)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa1/0, Fa1/1, Fa1/2, Fa1/3
                                                Fa1/4, Fa1/5, Fa1/6, Fa1/7
                                                Fa1/8, Fa1/9, Fa1/10, Fa1/11
                                                Fa1/12, Fa1/13, Fa1/14, Fa1/15
10   VLAN0010                         active    
20   VLAN0020                         active    
1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup 
1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup 
1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup 
1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup 
sw1(config)#int range fa1/1 -2
sw1(config-if-range)#sw mo acc         //进入接口模式
sw1(config-if-range)#sw acc vlan 10  //配置vlan
sw1(config-if-range)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b 

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa1/0, Fa1/3, Fa1/4, Fa1/5
                                                Fa1/6, Fa1/7, Fa1/8, Fa1/9
                                                Fa1/10, Fa1/11, Fa1/12, Fa1/13
                                                Fa1/14, Fa1/15
10   VLAN0010                         active    Fa1/1, Fa1/2
20   VLAN0020                         active    
1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup 
1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup 
1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup 
1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup 
sw1(config)#int f1/3
sw1(config-if)#sw mo acc 
sw1(config-if)#sw acc vlan 20
sw1(config-if)#ex
sw1(config)#do show vlan-sw b

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa1/0, Fa1/4, Fa1/5, Fa1/6
                                                Fa1/7, Fa1/8, Fa1/9, Fa1/10
                                                Fa1/11, Fa1/12, Fa1/13, Fa1/14
                                                Fa1/15
10   VLAN0010                         active    Fa1/1, Fa1/2
20   VLAN0020                         active    Fa1/3
1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup 
1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup 
1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup 
1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup 

sw1(config)#int f1/0
sw1(config-if)#sw mo t
sw1(config-if)#sw t en dot
sw1(config-if)#ex
sw1(config)#no ip routing  //关闭路由功能

二.进入三层交换机，划分vlan,通过接口给vlan配置虚拟网址（需要关闭交换端口）,配置trunk链路

sw2#conf t
sw2(config)#int f1/1
sw2(config-if)#no switchport //关闭交换端口
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#do show ip int b
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
FastEthernet1/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
FastEthernet1/1            192.168.100.1   YES manual up                    up      
FastEthernet1/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/4            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/5            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/6            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/7            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/8            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/9            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/10           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/11           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/12           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/13           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/14           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/15           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
Vlan1                      unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
sw2(config-if)#ex 
sw2(config)#vlan 10,20
sw2(config-vlan)#ex
sw2(config)#int vlan 10
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#ex
sw2(config)#int vlan 20
sw2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
sw2(config-if)#no shut
sw2(config-if)#ex
sw2(config)#do show ip int b
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down    
FastEthernet1/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
FastEthernet1/1            192.168.100.1   YES manual up                    up      
FastEthernet1/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/4            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/5            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/6            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/7            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/8            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/9            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/10           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/11           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/12           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/13           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/14           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet1/15           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
Vlan1                      unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
Vlan10                     192.168.10.1    YES manual up                    down    
Vlan20                     192.168.20.1    YES manual up                    down    
sw2(config)#int f1/0
sw2(config-if)#sw mo t
sw2(config-if)#sw t en dot
sw2(config-if)#ex

三.给每个主机配置IP地址和网关

PC4> 
PC4> ip 192.168.100.100 192.168.100.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.100.100 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1

PC1> ip 192.168.10.10 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC2> 
PC2> ip 192.168.10.20 192.168.10.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.10.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC3> ip 192.168.20.20 192.168.20.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.20.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.20.1

四.测试是不是全网互通

PC1> ping 192.168.100.100

168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 timeout
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.997 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=15.984 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=16.953 ms
bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=20.978 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.10.20
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.979 ms
bytes from 192.168.10.20 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.000 ms

PC1> ping 192.168.20.20
168.20.20 icmp_seq=1 timeout
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.960 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=18.941 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=15.956 ms
bytes from 192.168.20.20 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=19.973 ms

五.进入三层交换机配置命名访问控制列表

sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc  //进入标准访问控制，命名叫kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#permit host 192.168.10.10  //允许10.10主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#deny 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 //拒绝10.0网段主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#permit any  //允许所有主机访问
sw2(config-std-nacl)#ex
sw2(config)#do show access-lists    //查看访问控制列表
Standard IP access list kgc
    10 permit 192.168.10.10
    20 deny   192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255
    30 permit any
sw2(config)#int f1/1
sw2(config-if)#ip access-group kgc out  //应用于接口，离限制最近的，如果我要设置为入，我需要设置三次，出就要一次就够了
sw2(config-if)#ex

六.测试我们实验的需求是否生效

PC1> ping 192.168.100.100
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=18.941 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=15.408 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=12.003 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=20.997 ms

PC3> ping 192.168.100.100
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=20.942 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=14.992 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=13.963 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=14.925 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=21.940 ms

PC2> ping 192.168.100.100
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=8.972 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=10.971 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=5.987 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=10.969 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)
*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=2.998 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)

七.我们再加一条需求，我们有允许10.20主机可以去访问

sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#12 permit host 192.168.10.20  //我们只能写10的上面或者10-20之间，我们要写到20下面就没有任何意义，
已经拒绝10.0网段的了再写10.20无意义。
sw2(config-std-nacl)#ex
sw2(config)#do show access-lists
Standard IP access list kgc
    10 permit 192.168.10.10 (8 matches)
    12 permit 192.168.10.20
    20 deny   192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255 (10 matches)
    30 permit any (5 matches)

八.来测试PC2,10.20能不能访问pc4主机

PC2> ping 192.168.100.100
192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=1 timeout
192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=2 timeout
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=20.970 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=17.950 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.100.100 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=18.008 ms

九.删除访问控制列表的一条，如果要删除整租ACL，no ip access-ist stand kgc

sw2(config)#ip access-list standard kgc
sw2(config-std-nacl)#no 12
sw2(config-std-nacl)#do show access-lists                                  
Standard IP access list kgc
    10 permit 192.168.10.10 (8 matches)
    20 deny   192.168.10.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.255 (10 matches)
    30 permit any (5 matches)

sw2(config)#no ip access-list standard kgc            
sw2(config)#do show access-lists          

sw2(config)#

本章内容结束，谢谢收看

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