hive学习

Posted 2021-03-07 fxw-learning

建表

 1 CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name    -- (Note: TEMPORARY available in Hive 0.14.0 and later)
 2   [(col_name data_type [column_constraint_specification] [COMMENT col_comment], ... [constraint_specification])]
 3   [COMMENT table_comment]
 4   [PARTITIONED BY (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...)]
 5   [CLUSTERED BY (col_name, col_name, ...) [SORTED BY (col_name [ASC|DESC], ...)] INTO num_buckets BUCKETS]
 6   [SKEWED BY (col_name, col_name, ...)                  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.10.0 and later)]
 7      ON ((col_value, col_value, ...), (col_value, col_value, ...), ...)
 8      [STORED AS DIRECTORIES]
 9   [
10    [ROW FORMAT row_format] 
11    [STORED AS file_format]
12      | STORED BY ‘storage.handler.class.name‘ [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (...)]  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
13   ]
14   [LOCATION hdfs_path]
15   [TBLPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)]   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
16   [AS select_statement];   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.5.0 and later; not supported for external tables)
17  
18 CREATE [TEMPORARY] [EXTERNAL] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db_name.]table_name
19   LIKE existing_table_or_view_name
20   [LOCATION hdfs_path];
21  
22 data_type
23   : primitive_type
24   | array_type
25   | map_type
26   | struct_type
27   | union_type  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.7.0 and later)
28  
29 primitive_type
30   : TINYINT
31   | SMALLINT
32   | INT
33   | BIGINT
34   | BOOLEAN
35   | FLOAT
36   | DOUBLE
37   | DOUBLE PRECISION -- (Note: Available in Hive 2.2.0 and later)
38   | STRING
39   | BINARY      -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.8.0 and later)
40   | TIMESTAMP   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.8.0 and later)
41   | DECIMAL     -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.11.0 and later)
42   | DECIMAL(precision, scale)  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.13.0 and later)
43   | DATE        -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.12.0 and later)
44   | VARCHAR     -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.12.0 and later)
45   | CHAR        -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.13.0 and later)
46  
47 array_type
48   : ARRAY < data_type >
49  
50 map_type
51   : MAP < primitive_type, data_type >
52  
53 struct_type
54   : STRUCT < col_name : data_type [COMMENT col_comment], ...>
55  
56 union_type
57    : UNIONTYPE < data_type, data_type, ... >  -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.7.0 and later)
58  
59 row_format
60   : DELIMITED [FIELDS TERMINATED BY char [ESCAPED BY char]] [COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY char]
61         [MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY char] [LINES TERMINATED BY char]
62         [NULL DEFINED AS char]   -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.13 and later)
63   | SERDE serde_name [WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, property_name=property_value, ...)]
64  
65 file_format:
66   : SEQUENCEFILE
67   | TEXTFILE    -- (Default, depending on hive.default.fileformat configuration)
68   | RCFILE      -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.6.0 and later)
69   | ORC         -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.11.0 and later)
70   | PARQUET     -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.13.0 and later)
71   | AVRO        -- (Note: Available in Hive 0.14.0 and later)
72   | JSONFILE    -- (Note: Available in Hive 4.0.0 and later)
73   | INPUTFORMAT input_format_classname OUTPUTFORMAT output_format_classname
74  
75 column_constraint_specification:
76   : [ PRIMARY KEY|UNIQUE|NOT NULL|DEFAULT [default_value]|CHECK  [check_expression] ENABLE|DISABLE NOVALIDATE RELY/NORELY ]
77  
78 default_value:
79   : [ LITERAL|CURRENT_USER()|CURRENT_DATE()|CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()|NULL ] 
80  
81 constraint_specification:
82   : [, PRIMARY KEY (col_name, ...) DISABLE NOVALIDATE RELY/NORELY ]
83     [, PRIMARY KEY (col_name, ...) DISABLE NOVALIDATE RELY/NORELY ]
84     [, CONSTRAINT constraint_name FOREIGN KEY (col_name, ...) REFERENCES table_name(col_name, ...) DISABLE NOVALIDATE 
85     [, CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE (col_name, ...) DISABLE NOVALIDATE RELY/NORELY ]
86     [, CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK [check_expression] ENABLE|DISABLE NOVALIDATE RELY/NORELY ]