基于xtrabackup实现数据备份还原——高效的数据备份还原工具
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准备一个干净的备份目录;
[[email protected] ~]$ll /backups/ total 0 MariaDB [(none)]> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 30331 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 1038814 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 7698 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 442 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 423 | +------------------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
数据备份:
默认就是以root用户的身份进行的备份; [[email protected] ~]$innobackupex --user=root /backups/ [[email protected] ~]$ll /backups/ total 0 drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 Feb 25 14:14 2018-02-25_14-14-07 [[email protected] ~]$ll /backups/2018-02-25_14-14-07/ total 18460 -rw-r----- 1 root root 417 Feb 25 14:14 backup-my.cnf drwxr-x--- 2 root root 272 Feb 25 14:14 hellodb -rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Feb 25 14:14 ibdata1 drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 14:14 mysql drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 14:14 performance_schema drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 Feb 25 14:14 test -rw-r----- 1 root root 21 Feb 25 14:14 xtrabackup_binlog_info -rw-r----- 1 root root 113 Feb 25 14:14 xtrabackup_checkpoints -rw-r----- 1 root root 454 Feb 25 14:14 xtrabackup_info -rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 Feb 25 14:14 xtrabackup_logfile [[email protected] ~]$cd /backups/2018-02-25_14-14-07/ [[email protected] 2018-02-25_14-14-07]$ls backup-my.cnf ibdata1 performance_schema xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info hellodb mysql test xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile [[email protected] 2018-02-25_14-14-07]$ # lsn是日志序列号,在磁盘上保存了数据库的所有数据;文件很大,分成很多的小块存储在了磁盘上; 每个数据块的小块都有所谓的lsn号;如从100-200,如果将100这个数据块中的数据做了修改,那么他的LSN会加1,即 变为了201;所以根据LSN的大小,可以判断数据块中的数据是否备份过; 这里是全备份,所以就是将所有的LSN对应的数据块的数据都进行了备份。 [[email protected] 2018-02-25_14-14-07]$less xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = full-backuped from_lsn = 0 to_lsn = 1640915 last_lsn = 1640915 compact = 0 recover_binlog_info = 0 尽管表面来看是拷贝的文件,但是底层实际拷贝的是数据块,所有效率很高。 这个文件中显示的是全备份备份到二进制文件的哪个位置; [[email protected] 2018-02-25_14-14-07]$cat xtrabackup_binlog_info mysql-bin.000005 423 [[email protected] 2018-02-25_14-14-07]$file xtrabackup_logfile xtrabackup_logfile: data
还原数据到一个新的MySQL主机上
找一个干净的主机,将在27.7主机上备份的数据在27.17上实现还原; [[email protected] ~]$vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log_bin innodb_file_per_table [[email protected] ~]$yum install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] backups]$scp -rp /backups/2018-02-25_14-14-07/ 192.168.27.17:/app/ [[email protected] ~]$ls /app/ 2018-02-25_14-14-07
数据库的整理操作:
包括将不完整的事务进行回滚;因为备份的时间点极有可能被一个事务横跨;
[[email protected] ~]$innobackupex --apply-log /app/2018-02-25_14-14-07/ 180225 01:53:05 completed OK!
确保要恢复的数据库的数据目录是空的; [[email protected] ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/ total 0 将整理过数据复制到数据库的数据目录; 这个过程就是复制数据,对于innodb引擎,他是基于块的方式实现的;对于myISAM引擎, 那么就是单个文件的复制; [[email protected] ~]$innobackupex --copy-back /app/2018-02-25_14-14-07/ ... 180225 01:56:10 completed OK! [[email protected] ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/ total 40976 drwxr-x--- 2 root root 272 Feb 25 01:56 hellodb -rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Feb 25 01:56 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Feb 25 01:56 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Feb 25 01:56 ib_logfile1 -rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Feb 25 01:56 ibtmp1 drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 01:56 mysql drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 01:56 performance_schema drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 Feb 25 01:56 test -rw-r----- 1 root root 35 Feb 25 01:56 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb -rw-r----- 1 root root 454 Feb 25 01:56 xtrabackup_info [[email protected] ~]$chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/ [[email protected] ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/ total 40976 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 272 Feb 25 01:56 hellodb -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Feb 25 01:56 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Feb 25 01:56 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Feb 25 01:56 ib_logfile1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 25 01:56 ibtmp1 drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 25 01:56 mysql drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 25 01:56 performance_schema drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 20 Feb 25 01:56 test -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 35 Feb 25 01:56 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 454 Feb 25 01:56 xtrabackup_info [[email protected] ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/ -d drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 198 Feb 25 01:56 /var/lib/mysql/
[[email protected] ~]$systemctl start mariadb MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | hellodb | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; +--------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +--------------------+-----------+ | mariadb-bin.000001 | 245 | +--------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select * from hellodb.students; Empty set (0.00 sec) 以上就是使用xtrabackup实现将一个主机的数据全备份后还原到一个远程的新的主机的过程。
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