mysql数据库使用xtrabackup工具 实现备份和还原
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下载xtrabackup工具包percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 工具包可以从官网下载
https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.4/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装xtrabackup工具包(需要启用epel源)
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
一、实验:xtrabackup 实现完全备份和还原
备份过程
1)在原主机做完全备份到/backups
原主机上有mysql的hellodb表
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
使用xtrabackup 工具备份数据库
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/
查看backup下已经生成了备份的文件
[[email protected] ~]#ls /data/backup/ -l
total 18460
-rw-r----- 1 root root 431 May 6 22:32 backup-my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 272 May 6 22:32 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May 6 22:32 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 22:32 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 22:32 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 May 6 22:32 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 21 May 6 22:32 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 113 May 6 22:32 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 468 May 6 22:32 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 May 6 22:32 xtrabackup_logfile
xtrabackup_binlog_info、 xtrabackup_checkpoints、 xtrabackup_info文件里存放了备份时的信息
[[email protected] backup]#cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql-bin.000011 245
[[email protected] backup]#cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 1638757
last_lsn = 1638757
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[[email protected] backup]#cat xtrabackup_info
uuid = c65e06f6-700b-11e9-9ac5-000c2926023f
name =
tool_name = xtrabackup
tool_command = --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/
tool_version = 2.4.13
ibbackup_version = 2.4.13
server_version = 5.5.60-MariaDB
start_time = 2019-05-06 22:32:26
end_time = 2019-05-06 22:32:28
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = filename ‘mysql-bin.000011‘, position ‘245‘
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1638757
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N
encrypted = N
2)将备份的文件夹全部拷贝至目标主机
[[email protected] ~]# scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.93.102:/data/backup
还原过程(在目标主机上 )
1)预准备:确保数据一致,提交完成的事务,回滚未完成的事务
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/
2)复制到数据库目录
注意:数据库目录必须为空,MySQL服务不能启动
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[[email protected] ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/ -l
total 0
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/
3)还原属性
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
4)启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb
5)测试
[[email protected] ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
二、实验:xtrabackup 实现增量备份和还原
备份过程
1)完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/base
2)第一次修改数据
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value(‘xiaoai‘,33);
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes |
| coc |
| courses |
| scores |
| students |
| teachers |
| toc |
+-------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> drop table toc;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3)第一次增量备份
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/base
4)第二次修改数据
MariaDB [hellodb]> update teachers set gender=‘F‘ where tid=5;`
5)第二次增量
[[email protected] ~]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1
6)将备份的数据库文件拷贝至远程主机
备份过程生成三个备份目录
[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 May 6 23:11 base
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 23:13 inc1
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 23:17 inc2
[[email protected] ~]# scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.93.102:/data/backup
还原过程
在远程主机上确认是否复制成功
[[email protected] ~]# ll /data/backup/
total 0
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 217 May 6 15:19 base
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May 6 15:19 inc1
drwxr-x---. 6 root root 243 May 6 15:19 inc2
1)预准备完成备份,此选项--apply-log-only 阻止回滚未完成的事务
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base
2)合并第1次增量备份到完全备份
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1
3)合并第2次增量备份到完全备份
如果是最后一次增量备份,还原时不需要加选项--apply-log-only
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc2
4)复制到数据库目录
注意数据库目录必须为空,MySQL服务不能启动
[[email protected] ~]# xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/base
5)还原属性
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
6)启动服务
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mariadb
7)测试是否还原
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoai | 33 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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