从0开始搭建ELK及采集日志的简单应用

Posted 2021-01-16

关于ELK的理论介绍、架构图解说，很多博客都有很详细的讲解可以参考。本文主要记录了elk的简单搭建和简单应用。

安装前准备

1、环境说明：

IP	主机名	部署服务
10.0.0.101(centos7)	test101	jdk、elasticsearch、logstash、kibana及filebeat(filebeat用于测试采集test101服务器自身messages日志)
10.0.0.102(centos7)	test102	nginx及filebeat(filebeat用于测试采集test102服务器nginx日志)

2、安装包准备：
jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz
elasticsearch-6.4.2.tar.gz
kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
logstash-6.4.2.tar.gz
elk官网下载地址：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads

部署ELK工具服务端

先在test101主机部署jdk、elasticsearch、logstash、kibana，部署好elk的服务端。把上面的四个安装包上传到test101服务器的/root下面。

1、部署jdk

# tar xf jdk-8u151-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# echo -e "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_151
 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
 export  PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH" >>/etc/profile
# source /etc/profile
# java -version   #或者执行jps命令也OK

备注：要是一不小心改坏了/etc/profile，可以参考博文：《/etc/profile文件改坏了，所有命令无法执行了怎么办？》

2、创建elk专用用户

elk用户用于启动elasticsearch，和后面采集日志的时候，配置在filebeat配置文件里面。

# useradd elk;echo 12345678|passwd elk --stdin    #创建elk用户，密码设置为12345678

3、部署elasticsearch

3.1 解压安装包：

# tar xf elasticsearch-6.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3.2 修改配置文件/usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/config/elasticsearch.yml，修改如下：

[[email protected] config]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: elk
node.name: node-1
path.data: /opt/elk/es_data
path.logs: /opt/elk/es_logs
network.host: 10.0.0.101
http.port: 9200
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["10.0.0.101:9300"]
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1
[[email protected] config]# 

3.3 修改配置文件/etc/security/limits.conf和/etc/sysctl.conf如下：

# echo -e "* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096
" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
# echo "vm.max_map_count=655360" >>/etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl -p

3.4 创建data和log目录并授权给elk用户：

# mkdir /opt/elk/{es_data,es_logs} -p
# chown elk:elk -R /opt/elk/
# chown elk:elk -R /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/

3.5 启动elasticsearch：

# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/bin/
# su elk
$ nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/bin/elasticsearch >/dev/null 2>&1 &

3.6 检查进程和端口：

[[email protected] ~]# ss -ntlup| grep -E "9200|9300"
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       ::ffff:10.0.0.101:9200                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=6001,fd=193))
tcp    LISTEN     0      128       ::ffff:10.0.0.101:9300                 :::*                   users:(("java",pid=6001,fd=186))
[[email protected] ~]# 

备注：
如果万一遇到elasticsearch服务起不来，可以排查一下es目录的权限、服务器内存什么的：《总结—elasticsearch启动失败的几种情况及解决》

4、部署logstash

4.1 解压安装包：

# tar xf logstash-6.4.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

4.2 修改配置文件/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/config/logstash.yml，修改如下：

[[email protected] logstash-6.4.2]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/config/logstash.yml
 path.data: /opt/elk/logstash_data
 http.host: "10.0.0.101"
 path.logs: /opt/elk/logstash_logs
 path.config: /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d    #这一行配置文件没有的，自己加到文件末尾就好了
[[email protected] logstash-6.4.2]# 

4.3 创建conf.d，添加日志处理文件syslog.conf：

[[email protected] conf.d]# mkdir /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d
[[email protected] conf.d]# cat /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d/syslog.conf 
input {
 #filebeat客户端
  beats {
     port => 5044
  }

}

 #筛选
 #filter { }

output {
#标准输出，调试使用
  stdout {
   codec => rubydebug { }
  }

# 输出到es
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["http://10.0.0.101:9200"]
    index => "%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }

}
[[email protected] conf.d]# 

4.4 创建创建data和log目录并授权给elk用户：

# mkdir /opt/elk/{logstash_data,logstash_logs} -p
# chown -R elk:elk /opt/elk/
# chown -R elk:elk /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/

4.5 调试启动服务：

[[email protected] conf.d]# /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d/syslog.conf --config.test_and_exit   #这一步可能需要等待一会儿才会有反应
Sending Logstash logs to /opt/elk/logstash_logs which is now configured via log4j2.properties
[2018-11-01T09:49:14,299][INFO ][logstash.setting.writabledirectory] Creating directory {:setting=>"path.queue", :path=>"/opt/elk/logstash_data/queue"}
[2018-11-01T09:49:14,352][INFO ][logstash.setting.writabledirectory] Creating directory {:setting=>"path.dead_letter_queue", :path=>"/opt/elk/logstash_data/dead_letter_queue"}
[2018-11-01T09:49:16,547][WARN ][logstash.config.source.multilocal] Ignoring the ‘pipelines.yml‘ file because modules or command line options are specified
Configuration OK
[2018-11-01T09:49:26,510][INFO ][logstash.runner          ] Using config.test_and_exit mode. Config Validation Result: OK. Exiting Logstash
[[email protected] conf.d]# 

4.6 正式启动服务：

# nohup /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d/syslog.conf >/dev/null 2>&1 &    #后台启动

4.7 查看进程和端口：

[[email protected] local]# ps -ef|grep logstash
root       6325    926 17 10:08 pts/0    00:01:55 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_151/bin/java -Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75 -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Djruby.compile.invokedynamic=true -Djruby.jit.threshold=0 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/urandom -cp /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/animal-sniffer-annotations-1.14.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/commons-codec-1.11.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/commons-compiler-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/error_prone_annotations-2.0.18.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/google-java-format-1.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/gradle-license-report-0.7.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/guava-22.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/j2objc-annotations-1.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-annotations-2.9.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-core-2.9.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-databind-2.9.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jackson-dataformat-cbor-2.9.5.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/janino-3.0.8.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jruby-complete-9.1.13.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/jsr305-1.3.9.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-api-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-core-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.9.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/logstash-core.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.commands-3.6.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.contenttype-3.4.100.jar:/usr/locallogstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.expressions-3.4.300.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.filesystem-1.3.100.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.jobs-3.5.100.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.resources-3.7.100.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.core.runtime-3.7.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.equinox.app-1.3.100.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.equinox.common-3.6.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.equinox.preferences-3.4.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.equinox.registry-3.5.101.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.jdt.core-3.10.0.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.osgi-3.7.1.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/org.eclipse.text-3.5.101.jar:/usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/logstash-core/lib/jars/slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar org.logstash.Logstash -f /usr/local/logstash-6.4.2/conf.d/syslog.conf
root       6430    926  0 10:19 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto logstash

[[email protected] local]# netstat -tlunp|grep 6325
tcp6       0      0 :::5044                 :::*                    LISTEN      6325/java           
tcp6       0      0 10.0.0.101:9600         :::*                    LISTEN      6325/java           
[[email protected] local]# 

5、部署kibana

5.1 解压安装包：

# tar xf kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/

5.2 修改配置文件/usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/config/kibana.yml，修改如下：

[[email protected] ~]# egrep -v "^#|^$" /usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/config/kibana.yml 
server.port: 5601
server.host: "10.0.0.101"
elasticsearch.url: "http://10.0.0.101:9200"
kibana.index: ".kibana"
[[email protected] ~]# 

5.3 修改kibana目录属主为elk：

# chown elk:elk -R /usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/

5.4 启动kibana：

# nohup  /usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/bin/kibana >/dev/null 2>&1 &

5.5 查看进程和端口：

[[email protected] local]# ps -ef|grep kibana
root       6381    926 28 10:16 pts/0    00:00:53 /usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/bin/../node/bin/node --no-warnings /usr/local/kibana-6.4.2-linux-x86_64/bin/../src/cli
root       6432    926  0 10:19 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kibana
[[email protected] local]# netstat -tlunp|grep 6381
tcp        0      0 10.0.0.101:5601         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6381/node           
[[email protected] local]# 

5.6 http://10.0.0.101:5601 访问kibana界面：

至此，整个elk工具的服务端搭建完毕。

ELK采集日志应用

服务端部署好之后，就是配置日志采集了，这时候就需要用到filebeat了

应用一：采集ELK本机（test101）的messages日志和secure日志

1、在kibana主页界面，点击“Add log data” ：

2、选择system log：

3、选择RPM，这里有添加日志的步骤（但是步骤有个小坑，可以参考如下的配置步骤：）：
3.1 在test101服务器的es下面安装插件：

# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/bin/
# ./elasticsearch-plugin install ingest-geoip

3.2 在test101服务器下载并安装filebeat：

# curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.4.2-x86_64.rpm
# rpm -vi filebeat-6.4.2-x86_64.rpm

3.3 在test101服务器配置filebeat，修改/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml下面几个地方：

#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true   #注意：这里默认是false，在kibana界面上没有提到要修改，但是不改成true，kibana界面就看不到日志内容
  paths:      #配置要采集的日志，这里我采集了messages日志和secure日志
    - /var/log/messages*
    - /var/log/secure*
#============================== Kibana =====================================
setup.kibana:
  host: "10.0.0.101:5601"
#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: ["10.0.0.101:9200"]
  username: "elk"
  password: "12345678"

3.4 在test101服务器执行如下命令修改 /etc/filebeat/modules.d/system.yml：

# filebeat modules enable system

3.5 在test101服务器启动filebeat：

# filebeat setup
# service filebeat start

3.6 然后回到kibana的Discover界面，搜索关键字messages和secure，就能看到相关的日志了：

应用二：采集10.0.0.102（test102）服务器的nginx日志

在应用一，我们采集了elk本身服务器的日志，现在再采集一下test102的日志

1、在nginx上安装一个nginx：

# yum -y install nginx

2、跟应用一一样，在kibana的首页，点击“Add log data”，然后选择nginx logs，找到安装步骤：

3、选择RPM，这里有添加日志的步骤（可以参考如下的配置步骤：）：
3.1 在test101服务器的es下面安装插件：

# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-6.4.2/bin/
# ./elasticsearch-plugin install ingest-geoip    #这个在应用一装过了，可以省略
# ./elasticsearch-plugin install ingest-user-agent

=======以下都在10.0.0.102（test102）服务器进行=======
3.2 在test102服务器下载并安装filebeat：

# curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.4.2-x86_64.rpm
# rpm -vi filebeat-6.4.2-x86_64.rpm

3.3 在test102服务器配置filebeat，修改/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml下面几个地方：

#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================
filebeat.inputs:
- type: log
  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true   #注意：这里默认是false，在kibana界面上没有提到要修改，但是不改成true，kibana界面就看不到日志内容
  paths:      #配置要采集的日志，这里我采集了/var/log/nginx/目录下的所有日志文件，包括access.log和error.log，就用了*
    - /var/log/nginx/*
#============================== Kibana =====================================
setup.kibana:
  host: "10.0.0.101:5601"
#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: ["10.0.0.101:9200"]
  username: "elk"
  password: "12345678"

3.4 在test102服务器执行如下命令修改/etc/filebeat/modules.d/nginx.yml：

# filebeat modules enable nginx

执行之后，看到文件写入了如下的内容：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/filebeat/modules.d/nginx.yml
- module: nginx
  # Access logs
  access:
    enabled: true

    # Set custom paths for the log files. If left empty,
    # Filebeat will choose the paths depending on your OS.
    #var.paths:

  # Error logs
  error:
    enabled: true

    # Set custom paths for the log files. If left empty,
    # Filebeat will choose the paths depending on your OS.
    #var.paths:
[[email protected] ~]# 

3.5 在test102服务器启动filebeat：

# filebeat setup
# service filebeat start

3.6 然后回到kibana的Discover界面，就能看到相关的日志了：

备注：
有些文章安装了elasticsearch-head插件，本文没有安装