数据分析之matplotlib

Posted 2021-01-15 xiaoqianbook

CONDA环境安装

官方地址：https://www.anaconda.com

配置环境：

在系统path环境中添加

C:ProgramDataAnaconda3

C:ProgramDataAnaconda3Libraryin

C:ProgramDataAnaconda3Scripts

创建环境：

conda create -n  python3 python=3.6

切换环境：

Windows：activate python3

linux：source activate python3

jupyter和conda的使用

安装jupyter

conda install jupyter

启动jupyter

jupyter notebook 

matplotlib的安装

conda install matplotlib

绘制折线图

运行以下代码

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = range(2, 26, 2)
y = [15, 13, 14.5, 17, 20, 25, 26, 26, 27, 22, 18, 15]
# 绘制图形
plt.plot(x, y)
# 展示图形
plt.show()

运行效果

注意：先保存图片在展示图片

升级版

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
x = range(2, 26, 2)
y = [15, 13, 14.5, 17, 20, 25, 26, 26, 27, 22, 18, 15]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 8), dpi=80)  # figure图形图标 dpi增加图片清晰
# 设置x轴的刻度
li = [i/2 for i in range(4, 52)]
plt.xticks(li[::2])
# 设置y轴的刻度
plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y)+1))
# 绘制图形
plt.plot(x, y)
# 保存图片
plt.savefig("./t1.png")
# 展示图形
plt.show()

设置中文

matplotlib默认不支持中文符号，因为默认英文字体无法显示汉字

linux/mac下支持字体；

fc-list 查看支持字体

fc-list :lang=zh 查看支持的中文

matplotlib.rc 可以修改

windows下的微软雅黑目录 

C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc

题目1

如果列表a表示10点到12点的每一分钟的气温，如何绘制折线图观察每一分钟气温的变化情况？

a = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname = "C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")  # 添加字体
x = range(0, 120)
y = [random.randint(20, 35) for i in range(120)]
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 8), dpi=80)
plt.plot(x, y)
# 调整x轴的密度
_xticks_labels = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
_xticks_labels += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
# 取步长，数字和字符一一对应数据的长度一样
plt.xticks(list(x)[::3], _xticks_labels[::3], rotation=45, fontproperties=my_font)  # rotation 旋转的度数
plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y)+1))
plt.xlabel("时间",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度 单位(‘C)",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("10点到12点每分钟气温变化情况", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.show()

题目2

假设大家在30岁的时候，根据自己的实际情况统计出来从11岁到30岁每年交的女（男）朋友的数量如a，请绘制出该数据的折线图，以便分析每年交女（男）朋友的数量走势

a = [1,0,1,1,2,5,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]

要求：

  y轴表示个数

  x轴表示岁数，比如11岁，12岁

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
x = range(11, 31)
y = [1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 8), dpi=80)
plt.plot(x, y)
_xticks_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in range(11, 31)]
plt.xticks(x, _xticks_labels, fontproperties=my_font)
plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y)+1))
plt.xlabel("岁数", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("男女朋友个数", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("女（男）朋友的数量走势",fontproperties = my_font)
plt.show()

　升级版

假设大家在30岁的时候，根据自己的实际情况统计出来从11岁到30岁每年交的女（男）朋友的数量如a，b请绘制出该数据的折线图，以便分析每年交女（男）朋友的数量走势

a = [1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
b = [1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]

要求：

  y轴表示个数

  x轴表示岁数，比如11岁，12岁

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
x = range(11, 31)
y1 = [1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
y2 = [1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 8), dpi=80)
plt.plot(x, y1, label="自己", color="red",linestyle="--",linewidth=5)
plt.plot(x, y2, label="同桌", color="green", linestyle=":", linewidth=3)
# 设置x轴刻度
_xticks_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in range(11, 31)]
plt.xticks(x, _xticks_labels, fontproperties=my_font)
# plt.yticks(range(0, 9))
plt.xlabel("岁数", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("男女朋友个数", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("女（男）朋友的数量走势",fontproperties = my_font)
# 绘制网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.4)
# 添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="upper left")
# 展示
plt.show()

　总结

绘制散点图

 题目3

假设通过爬虫你获取到了某地3月10月的每天白天的最高气温（分别位于列表a，b）那么此时如何寻找出气温和随时间（天）变化的某种规律？

a = [11,17,16,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,8,12,15,14,17,18,21,15,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23,20]
b = [26,26,28,19,21,20,19,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51,82)
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,8,12,15,14,17,18,21,15,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23,20]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,20,19,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
# 设置字体
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(28, 8), dpi=80)  # figure图形图标 dpi增加图片清晰
# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3 ,label="3月份")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10, label="10月份")
# 调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x[::3],_xtick_labels[::3], rotation=45, fontproperties=my_font)
# 显示图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font,loc="upper left")
# 显示图片
plt.xlabel("月份",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("气温和随时间（天）变化的某种规律",fontproperties=my_font)
# 显示图片
plt.show()

绘制条形图

题目4

 假设你获取了2018年国内地电影票房前20的电影（列表a）和电影票房数据（列表b）哪么如何更加直观的展示该数据

 a = ["战狼2","红海行动","美人鱼","唐人街神探2","我不是药神","速度与激情8","西虹市首富","速度与激情7","捉妖记","复仇者联盟3：无限战争","捉妖记2","羞羞的铁拳","变形金刚4：绝迹求生","前任3：再见前任","功夫瑜伽","侏罗纪世界2"]

b = [56.32,36.22,33.9,33.71,30.75,26.46,25.25,24.26,24.21,23.7,22.19,21.9,19.79,19.26,17.53,16.79]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
a = ["战狼2","红海行动","美人鱼","唐人街神探2","我不是药神","速度与激情8","西虹市首富","速度与激情7","捉妖记","复仇者联盟3：无限战争","捉妖记2","羞羞的铁拳","变形金刚4：绝迹求生","前任3：再见前任","功夫瑜伽","侏罗纪世界2"]

b = [56.32,36.22,33.9,33.71,30.75,26.46,25.25,24.26,24.21,23.7,22.19,21.9,19.79,19.26,17.53,16.79]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15),dpi=80)
# 绘制条形图
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b,width=0.3)
# 设置字符串到x轴
plt.xticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font,rotation=90)
# 保存图片
plt.savefig(‘./统计图.png‘)
# 显示图片
plt.show()

升级版横排版

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
a = ["战狼2","红海行动","美人鱼","唐人街神探2","我不是药神","速度与激情8","西虹市首富","速度与激情7","捉妖记","复仇者联盟3：无限战争","捉妖记2","羞羞的铁拳","变形金刚4：绝迹求生","前任3：再见前任","功夫瑜伽","侏罗纪世界2"]

b = [56.32,36.22,33.9,33.71,30.75,26.46,25.25,24.26,24.21,23.7,22.19,21.9,19.79,19.26,17.53,16.79]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,15),dpi=80)
# 绘制条形图
plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, height=0.3, color="red")
# 设置字符串到x轴
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)
# 保存图片
plt.savefig(‘./统计图2.png‘)
# 显示网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.5)
# 显示图片
plt.show()

 题目5

假设列表a中电影分别在2017-09-14（b_14），2017-09-15（b_15），2017-09-16（b_16）三天的票房，为展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其他电影的数据对比情况，应该如何直观呈现该数据？

a = ["星球崛起3:终极之战","敦刻尔克","英雄归来","战狼2"]

b_16 =[15746,312,4497,319]

b_15 =[12357,156,2045,168]

b_14 =[2358,399,2358,362]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:WindowsFontsmsyh.ttc")
a = ["星球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","英雄归来","战狼2"]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
b_16 =[15746, 312, 4497, 319]
b_15 =[12357, 156, 2045, 168]
b_14 =[2358, 399, 2358, 362]
bar_width = 0.2
x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]
plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)
# 设置图裂
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
# 标题
plt.title("电影3天分析图", fontproperties=my_font)
# 显示图片
plt.show()

绘制直方图

题目6

假设你获取了250部电影的时长a列表，希望从这些电影时长的分布状态（比如时长100分钟到120分钟电影的数量出现的频率）等信息你应该如何分析呈现的数据？

a=[131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,129,136,129,102,120,103,90,114,135,121,119,136,119,112,120,113,100,94,115,101,99,126,129,142,120,133,90,94,135,161,99,126,129,142,120,143,90,94,135,141,99,126,129,162,120,113,90,94,135,101,99,126,129,142,120,112,90,94,135,130,99,126,129,142,140,113,90,94,135,136,99,126,129,162,120,113,90,94,135,134,99,126,129,142,120,113,120,94,135,135,99,126,129,142,120,133,90,94,135,136,99,126,129,142,124,113,90,94,135,137,99,126,129,142,120,113,95,135,111,138,99,126,129,142,126,113,90,94,135,139,99,126,129,142,128,113,96,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,129,113,90,94,135,133,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,121,99,126,129,142,130,113,92,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,141,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,151,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,140,113,90,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,91,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,161,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,111]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a = [131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,129,136,129,102,120,103,90,114,135,121,119,136,119,112,120,113,100,94,115,101,99,126,129,142,120,133,90,94,135,161,99,126,129,142,120,143,90,94,135,141,99,126,129,162,120,113,90,94,135,101,99,126,129,142,120,112,90,94,135,130,99,126,129,142,140,113,90,94,135,136,99,126,129,162,120,113,90,94,135,134,99,126,129,142,120,113,120,94,135,135,99,126,129,142,120,133,90,94,135,136,99,126,129,142,124,113,90,94,135,137,99,126,129,142,120,113,95,135,111,138,99,126,129,142,126,113,90,94,135,139,99,126,129,142,128,113,96,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,129,113,90,94,135,133,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,121,99,126,129,142,130,113,92,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,141,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,151,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,140,113,90,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,91,94,135,131,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,94,135,131,161,99,126,129,142,120,113,90,111]
# 计算组数
d = 3  # 组距
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d # 分为多个组
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80)
plt.hist(a, num_bins, normed=True)
# 设置x轴刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a), max(a)+d, d))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

题目7　

根据他们所需要的时间通过抽样统计列出以下列表的数据，这些数据能绘制成直方图吗？

       Data by absolute numbers

Interval	Width	Quantity	Quantity/width
0	5	4180	836
5	5	13687	2737
10	5	18618	3723
15	5	19634	3926
20	5	17981	3596
25	5	7190	1438
30	5	16369	3273
35	5	3212	642
40	5	4122	824
45	15	9200	613
60	30	6461	215
90	60	3435	57

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]

width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]

quantity = [4180,13687,18618,19634,17981,7190,16369,3212,4122,9200,6461,3435]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [4180,13687,18618,19634,17981,7190,16369,3212,4122,9200,6461,3435]
# 设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(len(quantity)),quantity,width=1)
# 设置x 轴位置
_x = [i - 0.5 for i in range(len(quantity)+1)]
_xtick_labels = interval+["150"]
plt.xticks(_x, _xtick_labels)
plt.grid()
plt.show()