课后作业-结对编程项目总结

Posted 2020-10-13

项目介绍：

       贪吃蛇游戏是一个经典小游戏，一条蛇在封闭围墙里，围墙里随机出现一个食物，通过按键盘四个光标键控制蛇向上下左右四个方向移动，蛇头撞倒食物，则食物被吃掉，蛇身体长一节，同时记10分，接着又出现食物，等待蛇来吃，如果蛇在移动中撞到墙或身体叉蛇头撞倒自己身体游戏结束.

        程序关键在于表示蛇的图形及蛇的移动。用一个小矩形快表示蛇的一节身体，身体每长一节，增加一个矩形块，蛇头用俩节表示。移动时必须从蛇头开始，所以蛇不能向相反的方向移动，如果不按任意键，蛇自行在当前方向上前移，但按下有效方向键后，蛇头朝着该方向移动，一步移动一节身体，所以按下有效方向键后，先确定蛇头的位置，而后蛇的身体随蛇头移动，图形的实现是从蛇头新位置开始画出蛇，这时，由于未清屏的原因，原来的蛇的位置和新蛇的位置差一个单位，所以看起来蛇多一节身体，所以将蛇的最后一节用背景色覆盖。食物的出现与消失也是画矩形块和覆盖矩形块。为了便于理解，定义两个结构体：食物与蛇.

项目代码：

#coding=UTF-8
from Tkinter import *
from random import randint
import tkMessageBox
class Grid(object):
def __init__(self, master=None,height=16, width=24, offset=10, grid_width=50, bg="#808080"):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.offset = offset
self.grid_width = grid_width
self.bg = bg
self.canvas = Canvas(master, width=self.width*self.grid_width+2*self.offset, height=self.height*self.grid_width+
2*self.offset, bg=self.bg)
self.canvas.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
def draw(self, pos, color, ):
x = pos[0] * self.grid_width + self.offset
y = pos[1] * self.grid_width + self.offset
#outline属性要与网格的背景色（self.bg）相同，要不然会很丑
self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + self.grid_width, y + self.grid_width, fill=color, outline=self.bg)
class Food(object):
def __init__(self, grid, color = "#23D978"):
self.grid = grid
self.color = color
self.set_pos()
self.type = 1
def set_pos(self):
x = randint(0, self.grid.width - 1)
y = randint(0, self.grid.height - 1)
self.pos = (x, y)
def display(self):
self.grid.draw(self.pos, self.color)
class Snake(object):
def __init__(self, grid, color = "#000000"):
self.grid = grid
self.color = color
self.body = [(8, 11), (8, 12), (8, 13)]
self.direction = "Up"
for i in self.body:
self.grid.draw(i, self.color)
#这个方法用于游戏重新开始时初始化贪吃蛇的位置
def initial(self):
while not len(self.body) == 0:
pop = self.body.pop()
self.grid.draw(pop, self.grid.bg)
self.body = [(8, 11), (8, 12), (8, 13)]
self.direction = "Up"
self.color = "#000000"
for i in self.body:
self.grid.draw(i, self.color)
#蛇像一个指定点移动
def move(self, new):
self.body.insert(0, new)
pop = self.body.pop()
self.grid.draw(pop, self.grid.bg)
self.grid.draw(new, self.color)
#蛇像一个指定点移动，并增加长度
def add(self ,new):
self.body.insert(0, new)
self.grid.draw(new, self.color)
#蛇吃到了特殊食物1，剪短自身的长度
def cut_down(self,new):
self.body.insert(0, new)
self.grid.draw(new, self.color)
for i in range(0,3):
pop = self.body.pop()
self.grid.draw(pop, self.grid.bg)
#蛇吃到了特殊食物2，回到最初长度
def init(self, new):
self.body.insert(0, new)
self.grid.draw(new, self.color)
while len(self.body) > 3:
pop = self.body.pop()
self.grid.draw(pop, self.grid.bg)
#蛇吃到了特殊食物3，改变了自身的颜色,纯属好玩
def change(self, new, color):
self.color = color
self.body.insert(0, new)
for item in self.body:
self.grid.draw(item, self.color)
class SnakeGame(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid = Grid(master)
self.snake = Snake(self.grid)
self.food = Food(self.grid)
self.gameover = False
self.score = 0
self.status = [‘run‘, ‘stop‘]
self.speed = 300
self.grid.canvas.bind_all("<KeyRelease>", self.key_release)
self.display_food()
#用于设置变色食物
self.color_c = ("#FFB6C1","#6A5ACD","#0000FF","#F0FFF0","#FFFFE0","#F0F8FF","#EE82EE","#000000","#5FA8D9","#32CD32")
self.i = 0
#界面左侧显示分数
self.m = StringVar()
self.ft1 = (‘Fixdsys‘, 40, "bold")
self.m1 = Message(master, textvariable=self.m, aspect=5000, font=self.ft1, bg="#696969")
self.m1.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
self.m.set("Score:"+str(self.score))
#这个方法用于游戏重新开始时初始化游戏
def initial(self):
self.gameover = False
self.score = 0
self.m.set("Score:"+str(self.score))
self.snake.initial()
#type1:普通食物 type2:减少2 type3:大乐透，回到最初状态 type4:吃了会变色
def display_food(self):
self.food.color = "#23D978"
self.food.type = 1
if randint(0, 40) == 5:
self.food.color = "#FFD700"
self.food.type = 3
while (self.food.pos in self.snake.body):
self.food.set_pos()
self.food.display()
elif randint(0, 4) == 2:
self.food.color = "#EE82EE"
self.food.type = 4
while (self.food.pos in self.snake.body):
self.food.set_pos()
self.food.display()
elif len(self.snake.body) > 10 and randint(0, 16) == 5:
self.food.color = "#BC8F8F"
self.food.type = 2
while (self.food.pos in self.snake.body):
self.food.set_pos()
self.food.display()
else:
while (self.food.pos in self.snake.body):
self.food.set_pos()
self.food.display()
def key_release(self, event):
key = event.keysym
key_dict = {"Up": "Down", "Down": "Up", "Left": "Right", "Right": "Left"}
#蛇不可以像自己的反方向走
if key_dict.has_key(key) and not key == key_dict[self.snake.direction]:
self.snake.direction = key
self.move()
elif key == ‘p‘:
self.status.reverse()
def run(self):
#首先判断游戏是否暂停
if not self.status[0] == ‘stop‘:
#判断游戏是否结束
if self.gameover == True:
message = tkMessageBox.showinfo("Game Over", "your score: %d" % self.score)
if message == ‘ok‘:
self.initial()
if self.food.type == 4:
color = self.color_c[self.i]
self.i = (self.i+1)%10
self.food.color = color
self.food.display()
self.move(color)
else:
self.move()
self.after(self.speed, self.run)
def move(self, color="#EE82EE"):
# 计算蛇下一次移动的点
head = self.snake.body[0]
if self.snake.direction == ‘Up‘:
if head[1] - 1 < 0:
new = (head[0], 16)
else:
new = (head[0], head[1] - 1)
elif self.snake.direction == ‘Down‘:
new = (head[0], (head[1] + 1) % 16)
elif self.snake.direction == ‘Left‘:
if head[0] - 1 < 0:
new = (24, head[1])
else:
new = (head[0] - 1, head[1])
else:
new = ((head[0] + 1) % 24, head[1])
#撞到自己，设置游戏结束的标志位，等待下一循环
if new in self.snake.body:
self.gameover=True
#吃到食物
elif new == self.food.pos:
if self.food.type == 1:
self.snake.add(new)
elif self.food.type == 2:
self.snake.cut_down(new)
elif self.food.type == 4:
self.snake.change(new, color)
else:
self.snake.init(new)
self.display_food()
self.score = self.score+1
self.m.set("Score:" + str(self.score))
#什么都没撞到，继续前进
else:
self.snake.move(new)
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
root = Tk()
snakegame = SnakeGame(root)
snakegame.run()
snakegame.mainloop()

项目图示：

 

  

游戏图示：

总结：

这款游戏的优点，就是简单的画面和容易的操作很容易使玩家就上手，适合不通年龄段的玩家娱乐。当然这款游戏也存在有不足的地方，有些功能还是没有实现。通过这次设计过程中，我查阅了大量的资料，对Python有了更深刻的认识，通过这次的设计，更提高了我在程序设计和调试方面的技巧，更重要的是我认识了自己的不足，在编程方面我还需要努力学习来充实自己，来获取更大的收获。