疑问代词

Posted 2021-01-01 baird

本文摘自复旦大学出版社《中学英语语法(高中第二版)》，作者魏孟勋

who(m),whose,what,which 成为疑问代词(Interrogative Pronoun)，用来构成特殊疑问句。

1、who,what
who用于询问姓名、身份或关系，what用于询问职业。例如：
-Who is the girl?
-She is my classmate.

-What is the girl?
-She is a bank clerk.

2、who，which
who所指的对象没有范围限制，可以确定一个或几个，而which只能确定一个。例如：
Who will play the part of Franz in the play?
Which of them will play the part of Franz in the play?他们中谁出演戏中弗朗兹一角？

3、what,which
what指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类，which指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个。例如：
-What would you like to have supper?
-Meat, beef, fish, chicken and tomatoes.

-We have meat, beef and chicken. Which would you like to have for supper?
-Chicken, I think.

4、whose,whom
whose时who的属格，用于明确所有者，whom是who的宾格，用于明确对象。例如：
-Whose umbrella is this?
-It is mine.

Who(m) did they go to visit that afternoon?
Who(m) did you telephone just now?

在口语中，whom多为who代替。

5、疑问代词与介词的连接作用
疑问代词作间接宾语时，介词一般不能省略。例如：
To whom did he give the message?
For whom did you buy the blue suit?

如果谓语动词为“动词 + 介词”，介词不能提到疑问句句首。例如：
What did they look at?
What good idea did you come up with?

但如果句中介词 + 名词起状语作用，非介词动词的组成部分，那么介词可以位于句末也可以提到句首。例如：
With whom did they go to the park?
Who(m) did they go to the park with?

With what did they cut grass?
What did they cut grass with?

下列表达习惯将介词置于句末：
What is the weather like today?
Who knows what Sally is up to now? 谁知道萨利现在在做什么?
What are you here for?